Smartphone use and academic performance: A literature review

Authors: Simon Ameza and Stijn Baertb

Publisher: Elsevier Ltd

Published print: 2020

Link: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2020.101618

ABSTRACT

We present the first systematic review of the scientific literature on smartphone use
and academic success. We synthesise the theoretical mechanisms, empirical approaches, and
empirical findings described in the multidisciplinary literature to date. Our analysis of the
literature reveals a predominance of empirical results supporting a negative association
between students’ frequency of smartphone use and their academic success. However, the
strength of this association is heterogeneous by (a) the method of data gathering, (b) the
measures of academic performance used in the analysis, and (c) the measures of smartphone
use adopted. The main limitation identified in the literature is that the reported associations
cannot be given a causal interpretation. Based on the reviewed findings and limitations,
directions for further research are discussed.

Keywords

Smart phone use; Smart phone addiction; Academic performance; Literature review;
Casuality