Extracted Pages From CAT FINAL BOOK MODULE 1

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asaq] ]o .raquJnu urepec SurrrrB lunolue radold aq1 a^tB ue, all ,g6tr.s5 pue T.sU uaa^ l
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Chapter QA
PROPERTIES OF NUMBERS 1.1

15 x, y and z are three positive integers such that x > y > z. Which of the fottowing is closest
to the product xyz? ,

1) (x - 1)yz 2) x(y - 1)z 3) xy(z - 1) 4) x(y + 1)z


(Pa6t CAT question)

DIRECILONS |or questions 78 to 20: Choose the correct alterndtive.

LO Let x < 0.50, O < y < 1, z > 1. Given a set of numbers, the middte number, when they are
arranged in ascending ordet is calted the median. So the median of the numbers x, y, and
z woutd be:
1) tess than one 2) between 0 and 1
3) greater than 1 4) cannot say
(Past CAT question)

17. Given odd positive integers x, y and z which of the following is not necessarity true?
,!) xzyzz2 is odd 2) 3(x2 + y3)22 is even.
3) 5x + y + za is odd 4) z2(xa + y4172 is even
(Past CAT question)

18. Let x < 0,0 < y < 1, z > 1. Which of the following may be fatse?
1) (x2 - z2) has to be positive. 2) yz has to be positive.
3) xy can never be zero. q (y2 - z2) is atways negative.
(Past CAT question)

1"e. rhe vatue ot * j5*$ *.j,


]ti""i-t- i.-
!-t 2)L 3)0 4)i

20a. How many three-digit numbers are divisibte by 7?


D r27 2) !28 3) 1"29 4) L42

20b. How many numbers between 400 and 800 are divisibte by 6?
D 1,32 2) 66 3) 67 4) 133

29
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Chapter QA
DIVIS]BILITY AND FACTORS 1.2

8. A number is divisibte by 10, when its unit's digit is 0.

9. A number is divisibte by 11, when the difference between the sum of the digits in the
ptaces and the sum of the digits in the even ptaces is 0 or a multipte of 11.
odd
H
,vote: when any number with an even number of digits is added to its reverse, the sum. is
atwaysamultipl"...9f11..'-.'....'''..i'..
10. A number is divisibte by 12, when it is divisible by 3 and 4 both.

11. A number is divisibte by 15, when it is divisibte by 3 and 5 both


Example
225 is divisibte by 3 as wett as 5 .. it is divisibte by 15
L225 is divisibte by 5 but not by 3 .. it is not divisibte by L5

l-2. A number is divisibte by L25, when the number formed by the last three right hand digits
is divisibte by 1,25 or the tast three right hand digits are zero.

Note: The resutts obtained bythe divisibilitytests are atso usefutin determiningthe value
of the remainder in a division operation
Example
34689
sum oi digits = 3+ 4+6+8+9=30
/ 30\ 34689
Remainder of I 9) = 3. Hence, remainder of
\ 9 =3

Find the value of 'x' if:


L. 59x is divisibte by 6.
2. 2O4853x9 is divisibte bY 9.
3. x557x55 is divisibte bY 11.
4. 9321,68932168x is divisibte by 1"2.

Answer Key

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31
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Ix0t9=gtT,xt= I x 80I= LZxoz=otg..a_l


Joqlo q3ea oi eur.Jd
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aJe qctqM s,olJel o^ t jo lrnpold sp passsrdxe ,::'il :
I = rtZ ",
= Jo ,"qrnp ...
sIeM
(u = t = stoiee; aull.rd iuala#tp lo .laqu]nu ,.a.1)
9xEtxTZ=gxLaxV=0?9=N
elduex3
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"q'r;;
sropu; eugld ;noqy

'96 = gV _ nvl slolgel ua^a


= Jo uns aql
'V = i _ g slol9ej ua^a
= ]o laqunu aqI
8?=8x q= T'-L,' I-9
'v = z x z = (r + r)
n + r)=,r,"; ;.;;; J dr; fiT#;rJ"'f:ff Ji
*,.- - I-L .. T-g .. T-Z
vvtr-i-,;},fi=
01, + 9t + vI
+ otr + L + g + Z + I = srost^tp
lo uns
0L ,9€ ,vI 'oT 'L ,9 ,Z '.t t.a.l
I = z x z x Z= (T + r)(r + r)(r + 1; = srosl^lp Jo raqurnN

rLx19xrZ=OL
eldtUexf
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relor = joqrunu
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(d + T)(u + T)(ru + T) sr,sraqlunu aluud ere


r,q.e araqm

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l Burpnlcu4 N raquJnu ua^r' e
]o s,osr^rp lo raqurnu aq1
pa'e3 sr sroise+ au,d srr;o
lcnpo-rd e se (raqunu rernleu e sr oraLrM) Jaqrunu
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Chapter QA
DIVISIBILITY AND FACIOR5 L.2

2. Can you think of the smaltest number N such that it can be expressed as a product of two
factors which are relatively prime in 8 ways?
For N to be expressed as product of two relativety prime factors in 8 ways
N = al x b* x cn x dp, where a, b, c and d are distinct prime factors and l, m, n and p are
natural nu mbers.

For N to be the teast, t = m = n = p = L and a, b, c and d shoutd be the least prime


numbers .. N = 2 x 3 x 5 x 7 = 21O.

SOLVED EXAMPLES

q : if N = 72, lhen find the number of pairs (a, b), such that a and b are the factors of N and a
x b = N having the value of 'a' less than 'b'.
A:N=72
The. factors of 72 are:
L,2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, t2, :-8,24,36 and 72
If. we form pairs (a, b), then the lowest factor when multiptied bythe highest factor witl give
72, ihe 2nd lowest factor when muttiptied by the second highest factor witt give 72 and so on.
The total number of such pairs can be given as:
lr x 72l, 12 x 361, 13 x 24l, 14 x 181, b x r2l, [8 x 9] i.e. a totat of 6 pairs

Note: To find the number of such pairs such that a x b = N

l-. For numbers with odd number of factors


(Totat number of factors + 1.)
Total number of pairs where 3 >< [ = \ = 2
2- For numbers with even number oi factors
(Total umber of factors
2

Q: If N = 72, then find the number of pairs (a,b) for N such that a and b are
the factors of N and are co-prime to each other.
A: The numbers that have no common factor other than L are co-prime to one another
Totat number of factors o1 1= (3+1) x (2+1) = 4x3=L2
1. Al[ factors witt be co-prime with 1.
2. Powers of 2 witt be co-prime with powers of 3.
To find the number of pairs as in (1) above,
With 1we have 1L pairs of factors that are co-prime with each other
To find the number of pairs as in (2) above,
Powers of 2 (that are Iactors of 72) = 2t,22 and 23 i.e. a total of 3 factors

33
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lo sjeMod

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chapter QA
DIVISIBILITY AND FACTORS L.2

M CLASS EXERCISE

Teaser

There are three boxes of fruit. The first box contains just Apptes, second contain just Oranges and
the third box contains a mixture of both. Each box is labelted - one says "Apptes", the second
says "Oranges", and the tast says "Apptes & Oranges." But it is known that none of the boxes
are tabelted correctty.

The task is to tabet each of the boxes correctly. However you are only allowed to pick one box
and exactty one piece of fruit from that box will be shown to you. What witl be your strategy?

ApplEs& oranEej ,4pp les OrEnC€s

35

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