PAPER

"PROCEDURE INVERSION ANOVA TWO DIRECTION AND ITS

APPLICATIONIN EDUCATION"

"Paper This made To use fulfil task group on eye studyingStatistics

Applied"

Lecturer Supporter: Dr. Hisham Ihsan, M.Sc

ARRANGED BY:

Andika Ardel Saputra (220101511010) (ICP)

Grace H pongkapadang (220101511009) (ICP)

EDUCATIONAL STUDY PROGRAM MATHEMATICS FACULTY

MATHEMATICS AND KNOWLEDGE KNOWLEDGE NATURAL

MAKASSAR STATE UNIVERSITY2022

 SAY INTRODUCTION

Thank God, we always pray to the presence of Allah SWT who has
bestow grace And His gift so that we can finish This paper is to fulfill a group
assignment in the Applied Statistics course with the title: "Two-Way ANOVA
Inference Procedure and Its Application in Education” .

We realize that in writing paper This No regardless from the help of

many parties who sincerely provided prayers, suggestions and criticism so
that paper This can resolved.

We fully realize that this paper is still far from perfect due to the limited
experience and knowledge we have. Therefore , we expect all form suggestion
as well as input even critics Which building from various parties. Finally, we
hope that this paper will be successful give benefit for development world
education.

Makassar, 10 September 2023

Writer

i
 LIST CONTENTS

SAY INTRODUCTION i

LIST CONTENTS ii

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1

A. Background Rear 1

B. Formulation Problem 2

C. Objective 2

CHAPTER II DISCUSSION 3

A. Understanding ANOVA Two Direction 3

B. Objective And Assumption ANOVA Two Direction 4

C. Procedure Test Hypothesis ANOVA Two Direction 5

1. ANOVA two direction without interaction 5

2. ANOVA two direction with interaction 8

D. Studies Case 11

E. Analysis Post Anova 30

F. Application ANOVA Two Direction In Education 32

CHAPTER III CLOSING 34

A. Conclusion 34

B. Suggestion 35

LIST BIBLIOGRAPHY 36

ii
 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A. Background Behind

In world study or research, often use statistics. Statistics is the

science of data collection. To find out whether the newly discovered
method is better than the old method, through research done in field,
need tested with statistics. Statistics Also has capable enough to
determine whether one factor is influenced or not influence factor
other. And is hypothesis Which We determine proven Correct or No.

To prove whether the hypothesis we have determined is true

Correct or Wrong so can done with testing hypothesis. There is a
number of type testing hypothesis among them testing hypothesis
based on parameter type, which includes hypothesis testing about the
average flat, testing hypothesis about proportions and hypothesis
testing about variance.

Anova or analysis of variance is classified as comparative

analysis more than two variables or more than two averages. The goal
is to compare more than two averages. The point is to test
generalizability , meaning that the sample data is considered to be
representative of the population. Anova is something method For see
difference average through testing the variance.

Testing hypothesis One variance divided into two namely

analysis one-way variance and two-way analysis of variance. Which will
be explained in more detail carry on in paper This is analysis variance
two track.

1
B. Formulation Problem

1. What understanding ANOVA Two-way direction?

2. What's the purpose And assumption ANOVA Two Direction?
3. How hypothesis testing procedures ANOVA Two Direction?
4. How example studies case For ANOVA Two Direction?
5. How analysis post ANOVA?
6. How application ANOVA Two Direction in education?

C. Objective

1. For know understanding ANOVA Two direction.

2. For know objective And assumption ANOVA Two Direction.
3. For understand procedure test hypothesis ANOVA Two Direction.
4. For know example studies case about ANOVA Two Direction.
5. For know analysis post ANOVA.
6. For understand application ANOVA Two Direction in education.

2
 CHAPTER II

DISCUSSION

A. Understanding ANOVA Two Direction

Wrong One type variance systematic in gathering data results

study is variance between group or called Also variance experimental.
Variance This describe exists difference between groups measurement
results. Thus this variance occurs Because exists difference between
groups individual.

ANOVA is an abbreviation of " Analysis of Variance " which is

wrong one comparative test used to test differences in means
(averages) data from more than two groups. There are two types of
ANOVA, namely analysis of variance One factor (one way ANOVA) and
analysis variant two factor (two ways ANOVA).

Two-way ANOVA was used to test the comparison hypotheses

more than two samples and each sample consists of two or more
types together. If in one-way ANOVA we can know there is or or not
some differences independent variable with a dependent variable and
each variable has no level: then in ANOVA two direction We want to
know There is or or not difference a number of independent variable
with a dependent variable and each variable has two or more levels. The
number of levels a variable has These independent and dependent
variables determine the name of the ANOVA. For example variable free
have level two fruit And variable bound have level two fruit too, so the
ANOVA written ANOVA 2 x 2.

3
 ANOVA two direction is expansion from ANOVA One direction
(analysis of variances) Which disclose results from two variable
independent on one dependent variable. The two-way ANOVA test is
technique the statistics analyze influence independent variable to
results Which expected along with relationship with results That
Alone.

So, Two-way ANOVA compares the differences between means

group Which has shared on two variable independent (called factor).

B. Objective And Assumption ANOVA Two Direction

Anova two track used For testing hypotheses comparison more

than two samples and any sample consists from two type or more in
a way together. Model anova two direction (two-way anova) Which
inside it only There is One observation every room scope often
interpreted as a randomized block design , because exists type
special in use model This.

Draft basic anova two path on generally No There is difference

between test hypothesis anova one lane or two lanes, the difference is
in number of independent variables, on one way anova only has one
variable independent, whereas in two-way anova There is two or more
variable independent. In anova, merger groups called blocks , and
Because individual events or single determined in a way random
Which based on identify block membership , its shape linked with
randomized blocks design .

Two-way ANOVA is testing anova Which based on observation

two criteria, every criteria in testing anova have levels. Anova two
direction used when source diversity
4
 that happened not just because One factor (treatment) but factors
other Also become source that should noticed. Goals and testing
anova two direction This is For know whether there is influence And
various criteria which tested to results Which desired (Ana Silfiani
Rahmawati, 2020).

Two -Way ANOVA testing has

several assumptions,including:
- Population Which tested distribute normal.
- Variance or variety And population Which tested The same.
- Sample No relate One with Which other.

C. Test Procedure Hypothesis ANOVA Two Direction

ANOVA two direction shared become two type, that is:

1. ANOVA two direction without interaction And Studies Case

Classification testing two the path without interaction is a test

hypothesis different three average or more with two factor Which
influence and the interaction between these two factors is
eliminated. Objective from testing anova two track is For know is
There is influence And various criteria Which tested to results
Which desired.
Steps to do testing consists from 5 step.
Following This is classification from steps the :
1) Determine formulation hypothesis
a) Hypothesis Line
H 0' = 𝛼 1 = 𝛼 2 = … = 𝛼 𝑏 = 0
H 1 ' = At least – lack of One 𝛼 i G 0
b) Hypothesis column
H 0 '' = 𝛽 1 = 𝛽 2 = … = 𝛽 𝑘 = 0
5
 H 1 '' = At least – lack of One 𝛽 j G 0

2) Determine mark critics

Level real (𝛼 ) = 5% = 0.05
Mark F table determined with numerator And denominator
each –respectively:
a) For line: 𝑣 1 = 𝑏 – 1 And 𝑣 2 = (𝑘 – 1)(𝑏 – 1)
b) For column: 𝑣 1 = 𝑘 – 1 And 𝑣 2 = (𝑘 – 1)(𝑏 – 1)

3) Determine criteria testing

a) For Line:
H 0 accepted if F 0 ≤ 𝐹 𝑎 (𝑣 ;𝑣 )
12

H 0 rejected if F 0 > 𝐹 𝑎 (𝑣 1;𝑣 2 )

b) For Column:
H 0 accepted if F 0 ≤ 𝐹 𝑎 (𝑣 ;𝑣 )
12

H 0 rejected if F 0 > 𝐹 𝑎 (𝑣 1;𝑣 2 )

4) Make analysis variance in the form of table ANOVA

Source Amou Degrees Free Flat - Flat F

0
Varian nt Square
ce Square
Average _ JKB 𝑏 − 1 𝐽 𝐾 𝑠 2
𝑆 2= ƒ 2 = 21
line 𝐵1 1
𝑠 3
𝑑 𝑏
Average _ JKK 𝑘 – 1 𝐽 𝐾 𝑠 22
𝑆 2= ƒ
2
=
column 𝐾2 2
𝑠 32
𝑑 𝑏
Error JKE (𝑘 – 1)(𝑏 – 𝐽 𝐾
𝑆 2=
1) 𝐸3
𝑑 𝑏
Total JKT 𝑘 𝑏 – 1

6
Formula count amount square:

Amount Square Total (JKT)

𝑏 𝑘 𝑇
(𝐽 𝐾 𝑇 )=∑ ∑ 𝑇 𝑖 2− 2
𝑖 =1 𝑗 𝑘

Amount Square Line (JKB)

∑𝑖 𝑇2 𝑇
(𝐽 𝐾 𝑏 2
=1 𝑖 −
𝑘 𝑘

Amount Square Column (JKK)

∑𝑗
𝑏 =1 𝑇 2 𝑇
(𝐽 𝐾 𝑗 − 2
𝑘 𝑘

Amount Square Error (JKE)

(𝐽 𝐾 𝐸 )=𝐽 𝐾 𝑇 −𝐽 𝐾 𝐵 −𝐽 𝐾 𝐾

Keterangan

JKT : Square Total

Amount
JKB : Square Line
Amount
JKK : Square Column
Amount
JKE : Square Error
Amount
Tij _ : Observation in Line to - ij
Amount
Ti : Line to - i
Amount
Q : Total

7
 5) Make conclusion
Conclude H 0 accepted or No with compare betweenstep
fourth with criteria testing on step third.

2. ANOVA two direction with interaction And Studies Case

testing with interaction is a test of differences of three or more

means with two influencing factors and the interaction effect
between the two factors is taken into account. Steps _ testing
classification two track with interaction is as following :

1) Determine formulation hypothesis

a) Hypothesis Line
H 0' = 𝛼 1 = 𝛼 2 = … = 𝛼 𝑏 = 0
H1′ = At least – lack of One 𝛼 i G 0
b) Hypothesis column
H 0 '' = 𝛽 1 = 𝛽 2 = … = 𝛽 𝑘 = 0
H 1 '' = At least – lack of One 𝛽 j G 0
c) Hypothesis Interaction
H 0 ''' = (𝛼 𝛽 )1 = (𝛼 𝛽 )2 = … = (𝛼 𝛽 )𝑏 𝑘
= 0H 1 ''' = At least – lack of One (𝛼 𝛽 )𝑏 𝑘
G0

2) Determining the real level (α) and F table Real level (α) and F
table is determined by the degrees of the numerator and
denominator of each each
a) For line: 𝑣 1 = 𝑏 – 1 And 𝑣 2 = 𝑘 𝑏 (𝑛 – 1)
b) For column: 𝑣 1 = 𝑘 – 1 And 𝑣 2 = 𝑘 𝑏 (𝑛 – 1)
c) For interaction : 𝑣 1 = (𝑘 – 1)(𝑏 – 1) And 𝑣 2 = 𝑘 𝑏 (𝑛 – 1)

8
3) Finding it criteria testing
a) For Line:
H 0 accepted if F 0 ≤ F 𝑎 (v ;𝑣 )
1 2

H 0 rejected if F 0 > F 𝑎 (v ;𝑣 )
1 2

b) For Column:
H 0 accepted if F 0 ≤ F 𝑎 (v ;𝑣 )
1 2

H 0 rejected if F 0 > F 𝑎 (v ;𝑣 )
1 2

c) For Interaction:
H 0 accepted if F 0 ≤ F 𝑎 (v ;𝑣 )
1 2

H 0 rejected if F 0 > F 𝑎 (v ;𝑣 )
1 2

4) Make analysis variance in the form of table ANOVA

Source Amount Degrees Free Flat - Flat F

0
Variance Square Square
Average _ JKB 𝑏 − 1 𝐽 𝐾 𝑠 2
𝑆 2= ƒ 2 = 21
line 𝐵1 1
𝑠 4
𝑑
𝑏
Average _ JKK 𝑘 – 1 𝐽 𝐾 𝑠 2
𝑆 2= ƒ 2 = 22
column 𝐾2 2
𝑠 4
𝑑
𝑏
Interacti JKI (𝑏 − 1)(𝑘 – 𝐽 𝑠 23
𝑆 2= ƒ
2
=
on 1) 𝐾3 𝐼 3
𝑠 42
𝑑
𝑏
Error JKE (𝑘 – 1)(𝑏 – 𝐽 𝐾
𝑆 2=
1) 𝐸4
𝑑
𝑏
Total JKT 𝑏 𝑘 𝑛 –1

9
Formula count amount square:

Amount Square Total (JKT)

𝑏 𝑘 𝑛
(𝐽 𝐾 𝑇 )=∑ ∑ ∑ 𝑋 𝑖𝑘
𝑖 =1 𝑗 =1 𝑘

Amount Square Line (JKB)

∑𝑖
𝑏 =1
𝑇2 𝑇
(𝐽 𝐾 𝑖 −
2
𝑘 𝑏 𝑘

Amount Square Column (JKK)

∑𝑗
𝑏 =1 𝑇 2 𝑇
(𝐽 𝐾 𝑗 − 2
𝑏 𝑏

Amount Square Interaction (JKI)

∑𝑏 1∑𝑘 𝑗 =1 𝑇 ∑=1 𝑇𝑖 ∑𝑘𝑗 𝑇 𝑇

𝑖 2 =1
(𝐽 𝐾 −𝑖 𝑏 2 − + 2
𝑛 𝑘 𝑏 𝑏

Amount Square Error (JKE)

(𝐽 𝐾 𝐸 )=𝐽 𝐾 𝑇 −𝐽 𝐾 𝐵 −𝐽 𝐾 𝐾 −
𝐽 𝐾𝐼

10
 JKT : Square Total
Amount
Keterangan
JKB : Square Line
Amount
JKK : Square Column
Amount
JKE : Square Error
Amount
JKI : Square Interaction
Amount
Tij _ : Observation in Line to - ij
Amount
Ti : Line to - i
Amount
Q
: Total

5) Make conclusion
Conclude that H 0 is accepted or rejected, by
comparingbetween Step fourth criteria testing on step third.

D. Studies Case

1. A shop electronic Which sell various types air conditioning or air

conditioner wants to know 2 factors that influence the level sales of
the AC. There are 5 well-known AC brands and 4 types PK
commonly used. The following is a table of observation results has
done:

Type Brand air

conditioni
PK
ng

11
 A B C D E
1⁄ 44 46 47 48 49
2

12
 3⁄ 49 48 50 47 48
4
1 46 47 45 45 46
2 47 50 49 49 47

Based on results observation in on, used level real 0.05, sois flat
– flat level sale The same For:

a. Type PK air conditioning

b. Brand air conditioning

Completion With Method Manuals:

1) Formulation hypothesis
a. For line

H0 : 𝛼1 = 𝛼2 = 𝛼3 = 𝛼4 = 0

( There is no difference in the average

sales level foruse to 4 type PK air conditioning the)

H 1 : At least – lack of One 𝛼 i G 0

(There is different average level sale For usage to 4type

PK air conditioning the)

b. For column

H0:𝛽 1 = 𝛽 2 = 𝛽 3 = 𝛽 4 = 𝛽 5 = 0

No There is difference average level sale For 5th brandair

conditioning the.

H 1 : At least – lack of One 𝛽 j G 0

13
 There is a difference average sales level for all 5 AC brands
the.

2) Determine mark critics

𝑏 = 4; 𝑘 = 5
Level real (𝛼 ) = 5% = 0.05
a. For line: 𝑉 1 = (𝑏 − 1) = (4 − 1) = 3
𝑉 2 = (𝑏 − 1)(𝑘 − 1) = (4 − 1)(5 − 1) = 12

𝐹 (0.05)(3; 12) = 3.49

b. For column: 𝑉 1 = (𝑘 − 1) = (5 − 1) = 4
𝑉 2 = (𝑏 − 1)(𝑘 − 1) = (4 − 1)(5 − 1) = 12
𝐹 (0.05)(3; 36) = 3.26

3) Criteria Testing
a. H 0 accepted if 𝐹 0 ≤ 3.49
H 0 rejected if 𝐹 0 > 3.49
b. H 0 accepted if 𝐹 0 ≤ 3.26
H 0 rejected if 𝐹 0 > 3.26

4) Test Statistics

Type Brand air Total _ T2

conditioni
PK
ng
A B C D E
1⁄ 44 46 47 48 49 234 54756
2
3⁄ 49 48 50 47 48 242 58564
4
1 46 47 45 45 46 229 52441
2 47 50 49 49 47 242 58564
Total 186 191 191 198 190 947 22432
5

14
 T2 34596 36481 36481 35721 36100 179379

Level sale squared:

Type Brand air Total _

conditioni
PK ng
A B C D E
1⁄ 193 211 220 230 240 1096
2 6 6 9 4 1 6
3⁄ 240 230 250 220 230 1171
4 1 4 0 9 4 8
1 211 220 202 202 211 1049
6 9 5 5 6 1
2 220 250 240 240 220 1172
9 0 1 1 9 0
Total 866 912 913 893 903 4489
2 9 5 9 0 5

𝑇 2
𝑏 𝑇 2
−
JKT = ∑ i=1 ∑ 𝑘j=i ij 𝑘 𝑏

947 2
= 44 2 + 49 2 + 46 2 + 47 2 + ⋯ + 45 2 −
5(4)
896809
= 44895 −
20

= 44895 − 44840.45 = 54.55

∑𝑏 𝑇 i2 𝑇 2
JKB = i=1 − 𝑘 𝑏
𝑘
2
234 2 + 242 2 2+ 229 2 + 242 − 947
= 5(4)
5

= 44865 – 44840.45 = 24.55

∑𝑏 𝑇 i2 𝑇 2
JKK = i=1 − 𝑘 𝑏
𝑏

15
 2 2 2 2
186 + 191 + 191
2
+ 189 +
190
=
4

== 44844.75 − 44840.45 = 4.3

16
JKE = 𝐽 𝐾 𝑇 − 𝐽 𝐾 𝐵 − 𝐽 𝐾 𝐾
= 54.55 − 24.55 − 4.3 = 25.7

𝐽 𝐾𝐵 𝐽 𝐾𝐵 𝐽 𝐾𝐵 24.55
S 12 = = = = = 8,183
𝑑 𝑏 𝑏 4− 1 3
−1

𝐽 𝐾𝐾 𝐽 𝐾𝐾 𝐽 𝐾𝐾 4.3
S 22 = = = = = 1,075
𝑑 𝑏 𝑘 5− 1 4
−1

𝐽 𝐾𝐸 25.7
S 2
=
𝐽 𝐾𝐸
=
𝐽 = = = 2,142
𝐾 𝐸3
𝑑 𝑏 (𝑘 −1)(𝑏 −1) 4.3 12

2 𝑆 2 8,183
f = 1
= = 3,820
1 2 2,142
𝑆 3

2 𝑆 2 1,075
f = 2
= = 0.502
2 2 2,142
𝑆 3

17
 Table Calculation Anova Two Direction Without Interaction

Source Variance Amount Degrees Flat -Flat F0

Square Freedom Square
Average line 24.5 3 8,183 3,820
5
Flat – flat 4.3 4 1,075 0.50
column 2
Error 25.7 12 2,142
Total 54.5 19
5

5) Conclusion
a. Because 𝐹 0 = 3,820 > 𝐹 0.05(4;12) 𝑡 𝑎 𝑏 𝑒 𝑙 = 3.49 then H 0
is rejected. So it can be concluded that there are differences
in average levels sale For use to 4 type PK air conditioning
the. At least
– lack of ad One influence type PK to level sale

b. Because 𝐹 0 = 0.502 ≤ 𝐹 0.05(3;12) 𝑡 𝑎 𝑏 𝑒 𝑙 = 3.26 so H

0 accepted. So it can be concluded that there is no difference
in average average sales level for the 5 AC brands. There
isn't any influence brand air conditioning to level sale.

2. A bunch researcher want to observe forever usage fountain pen.

They estimate that there are 2 factors that are very influential,
namely type eye fountain pen And type ink. On There are 4
observations eye type pen and 3 types of pen ink. This observation
uses 4 pens at each level combination. The following are the results
observation they.
18
Based on data the, decide with use level real0.05:

a. No There is different average forever usage fountain pen For

third typeink Which used.
b. No There is different average forever usage fountain pen For
to 4 typeeye fountain pen Which used.

c. No There is interaction between type ink with type eye fountain pen the

19
Completion With Method Excel:

1) Insert data to Excel, The method that is for data like box Which
consists from line And column.

2) Then choose Data , Then click Data analysis, So will appear

appearance like following:

20
 3) Then choose Anova Two Factor With Replication. So will
appear appearance like following:

4) On Inputs range clicked so will appear choice For choose

data. Election with method block the data start from label until
all the data, as in data everything blocked. Then onRow for
Sample write it down many data repetition in caseThere is 4.
Alpha depends Which used in case This 0.05. OnOutput
Option is up to you where you want to choose the output . After
that select Ok. So will appear output like following:

Nova: Two-Factor With Replication

SUMMARY Type a type b type c type d Total

type 1
Count 4 4 4 4 16
sum 143 154 184 169 650
Average 35.75 38.5 46 42.25 40,625
Variance 0.91666 1.66666 0.66666 0.91666 16.7833
7 7 7 7 3

21
 type 2
Count 4 4 4 4 16
sum 138 153 183 175 649
Average 34.5 38.25 45.75 43.75 40.5625
Variance 1.66666 0.91666 0.91666 0.91666 21.9958
7 7 7 7 3

type 3
Count 4 4 4 4 16
sum 134 153 180 174 641
Average 33.5 38.25 45 43.5 40.0625
Variance 1.66666 0.91666 0.66666 1.66666 22.9958
7 7 7 7 3

Total
Count 12 12 12 12
sum 415 460 547 518
Average 34.5833 38.3333 45.5833 43.1666
3 3 3 7
Variance 2.08333 0.96969 0.81060 1.42424
3 7 6 2

ANOVA
Source S df M.S F P-value F crit
S
of
Variation
s
Samples 3.04166 2 1.52083 1.35185 0.27158 3.25944
7 3 2 1 6

22
Columns 871.5 3 290.5 258.222 2.16E- 2.86626
2 24 6

23
Interaction 14,625 6 2.437 2.16666 0.06928 2.36375
5
7 2 1
within 40.5 36 1,125

Total 929,666 47
7

5) Interpretation Outputs Anova

ExcelSummary

This section presents a description of

each good group group type ink (line) And group type eye ink
(column).

 Count (Lots) state many repetition.

 sum (amount) explain amount from mark repetition the
 Average (average) And variance (variance) Also explain flat-
average and variance from each group repetition the.

Total

This second part is almost the same as the summary part. The
total difference is a description of the combination of three
groups of ink types (line) so that the description only compares
the 4 types of ink points (column) just.

Anova

On explanation in on, in anova two track with interaction There

are 3 hypotheses, which means there are 3 questions in study
Which must answered. For see answer the Can seen with
compare F count (F) with F table (F crit). If 𝐹 ≤
𝐹 𝑐 𝑟 i𝑡 so H 0 accepted. If 𝐹 > 𝐹 𝑐 𝑟 i𝑡 so H 0 rejected.

24
 Based on results the can decided:

Calculations show that the average length of use of a pen on

rows (groups of ink types) and interactions between ink types
and type eye ink No different (Still considered The same)
matter This seen
𝐹 ≤ 𝐹 𝑐 𝑟 i𝑡 therefore H 0 is accepted . Whereas average
duration usage fountain pen on line (group type eye ink) can
said different Because 𝐹 > 𝐹 𝑐 𝑟 i𝑡 then H 0 rejected .

Completion With Method SPSS:

1) Open application SPSS

2) Go to the Variable View tab: Create 3 variables with conditions
as following:

3) Variable independent: 1. “Pen_eyes”. Measure choose Nominal ,

Decimals = 0 , Type select Numeric c, and fill in the value : 1 =
Type A, 2 = Type B, 3 = Type C, and 4 = Type D.

25
 4) Variable independent: 2. “pen_ink”. Measure choose Nominal ,
Decimals = 0 , Type select Numerical , and fill value : 1 = Type
1, 2 = Type 2, And 3 = Type 3.

5) variable : “Usage_length”, Decimals = 0 , Measure

choose Scale , Type choose Numerical .

6) Open Tab Data Views: Contents data like in lower This:

26
7) After the data is filled in, on the menu, click Analyze, General
Linear Model, Univariate.

8) So will appeared window as follows: Insert “Usage_length” to

box Dependent Variables, insert “pen_eyes” And “pen_ink” to
box Fixed factor(s).

27
9) Click Plot, then a window will appear as below: Enter “pen_eyes”
to box Horizontal Axis And “pen_ink” to Separate Lines box.
Click Add, it will look like below, Then click Continue.

10)Click Post Hoc, then the following window appears: Enter

"Tinta_pulpen" to box Post Hoc Test for. Tick Tukey Then click

Continue.
2
11)Click Options, so will appear window as follows: Insert Eye_pen,
pen_ink, And Pen_eye*Pen_ink to in the Display Means for box.
On Display, check Descriptive statistics And Homogeneity test,
Then click Continue And OK!

12)From table in lower, We Can evaluate average long usage

based on the type of ink and type of pen used. As example:
average long usage type ink 1 with type eye fountain pen B as
big as 38.50 And so on.

25
13) In lower This is Table Levene's Test. Used For evaluate
homogeneity each variable.

14)From results in on show mark (Significance) Sig. 0.880 ≥ 0.05

so that Can said variant between groups different in a way
significant.

15) Table in lower This show results from test Two Way Anova.

26
16) From the table above, We get important values that can
concluded as following:
a. Corrected Model :
The influence of all independent variables (pen nib, pen ink
and Interaction eye fountain pen with ink fountain pen or
“Pen_eye*Pen_ink”) in a way together to variable dependent
(Long usage). If Significance (Sig.)
< 0.05 (Alpha) = Significant. Examples above 0.000 mean
model No valid.

b. Intercepts :
Mark change variable dependent without need influenced
existence variable independent, It means without There is
influence independent variable , the dependent variable can
change its value. If Significance (Sig.) < 0.05 (Alpha) =
Significant. Example in on 0,000 means intercept
significant.

c. Pen_eye :
Influence Pen_eye to usage_length in in model. If
Significance (Sig.) < 0.05 (Alpha)= Significant. Example in
on 0,000 means “pen_eyes” influential significant.

d. Pen_ink :
Influence Pen_ink to usage_length in in model. If
Significance (Sig.) <0.05 (Alpha)=Significant. Example
above 0.272 means “Tinta_pens” has no effect in a way
significant.

27
 e. Pen_eye* Pen_ink :
Influence Pen_eye And Pen_ink to forever usage fountain
pen in in model. If Significance (Sig.)
<0.05 (Alpha)=Significant. Example on 0.069 means
Pen_eye And Pen_ink No influential in a way significant.

f. Error:
Mark Error model, the more small, so model the more Good.

g. R Squared:
Mark determination multiple all independent variable with
dependent. Example on 0.956 Where approach 1, means
correlation very strong.

INTERPRETATION :

1) From 7 conclusion above, in test Two Way Anova, points a, c, d

and e is the most important (without ignoring the others). By
because the F test results show that there is no significant
difference or accept H 1 , to test it. This ANOVA test is
continued to stage furthermore, that is Test Post Hoc.

2) Table Tukey Post Hoc

The table below is the Tukey Post Hoc Table used for evaluate
category where from Pen_ink Which own difference significant:

28
3) Pen_ink Which own difference significant marked with sign star
(*). From the table above, none of them are marked with star,
means everything No There is difference Which significant.

4) Diagram Plots

diagram below is useful for assessing whether there is an

interaction effect between variables. However, this diagram
cannot be used as material valid reference. But just to give an
idea. If the lines do not show parallelity, then it is not suspected
There is effect interaction.

29
 5) Diagram in on show There is no parallel line, sosuspected
There is effect interaction.

E. Analysis Post ANOVA

Rejection of the null hypothesis in a comparison of a number of

means average means we conclude that there are at least two average
fruit different populations from each other. After ANOVA rejects the
null hypothesis that all over group originate from population Which The
same, problem next is which groups come from different populations.
If researchers compare the rejection of the null hypothesis, that is, the
only difference is group 1 And 2 (µ1 G µ2) ; Group 1 and 3 (µ1 G µ3) ;
Group 2 And 3 (µ2 G µ3) ; or all three (µ1 G µ2 G µ3) . Apart from
that, researchers can also compare the averages of two groups
oppose average group other.

Even though there are many things that can be done statistically,
however Researchers usually limit their analysis according to a
theoretical framework it uses. Many techniques have been developed to
solve and answer problem the. However thereby, in here only
introduced two type technique popular, that is test Scheffe And test
Tukey
1. Test Scheffe

Technique Which developed by Scheffe can used For testing the

difference between two means in pairs (1 𝑣 𝑠 2, 1 𝑣 𝑠 3, and 2 𝑣
𝑠 3) And difference between combination average Which complex
(like [1 + 2] /2 𝑣 𝑠 3 ). For avoid that discussion long, part This only
introduce technique For test difference two fruit average in a way
pair. If ANOVA done

30
For test the difference of three average fruit, so hypothesis zero
ones want tested by test Scheffe There is three pair fruit simple,
that is

a. 𝐻 0 : µ1 = µ2
b. 𝐻 0 : µ1 = µ3
c. 𝐻 0 : µ2 = µ3

If the number of subjects between groups is the same (𝑛 1 = 𝑛 2 =

𝑛 3) then formula test Scheffe For test ketifa hypothesis zero the
can simplified become as following:

𝑐
𝑡 =
√ 2𝑀 𝑆 w
𝑛

in where C is mark contrast (difference between average Which

compared, 𝑀 𝑆 w is the mean squared within the groups in the table
ANOVA, And 𝑛 is magnitude sample (amount subject).

The formula above is equivalent to the formula for testing the

difference between two averages. flat ( t-test Which use combined
variance) while 𝑛 1 = 𝑛 2 . As usual, the t value obtained is then
compared with the value critical for test Scheffe (𝑡 𝑠 ) Which
determined as following:

𝑡 𝑠 = √(𝑘 − 1)𝐹 ( 1−𝑎 ;𝑘 − 1,𝑛 −𝑘 )

In where 𝑘 is amount group in ANOVA, And

𝐹 ( 1−𝑎 ;𝑘 −1,𝑛 −𝑘 ) is the value in the F distribution at the confidence

level 1 – 𝛼 with degrees freedom numerator 𝑘 – 1 And degrees

freedom denominator 𝑛 – 𝑘

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 2. Test Tukey
Unlike the Scheffe test which can be used to test all types
comparison of means (simple or complex), Tukey test Which in full
called Tukey's HSD (honestly significant differences test) only can
used For test all over possibility simple pairs (involving two
averages). Comparison like (µ1 + µ2) / 2 𝑣 𝑠 µ3 no can tested
with use Tukey's technique. Because of the number of possible
pairs to be tested relatively A little, technique Tukey more powerful
(tend more often reject the null hypothesis) rather than the Scheffe
technique. The Tukey technique is used by comparing the
difference between each pair of averages critical value HSD which
(if the number of subjects in each group was the same big) can
determined as following:
𝐻𝑆 𝐷 = 𝑞 ( 1−𝛼 ;𝑛 −𝑘 ,𝑘 ) ( 𝑀𝑆 w⁄ 𝑛 )

where q is the value on the studentized range statistical distribution

. Symbol other on formula the own understanding Which The same
like test Scheffe (Furqon, 2013)

F. Application of ANOVA in Education

Every company need do testing to gathering the results of

observations regarding something, for example the results of product
sales, product production results, workers' salaries in a company, the
value varies between one with another. This is related to variance and
average which is widely used to make conclusions through estimation
and testing hypothesis about parameter, so from That analysis is
carried out variant Which There is in branch knowledge statistics
industry that is ANOVA. Application ANOVA in world industry is For
test average data

32
the results of observations made at a company or industry. As for
Wrong One application Anova Two Direction in world education is
makes it easier researcher if want to compare average its population
Which more from two factor in the report his research.

33
 CHAPTER III
CLOSING

A. Conclusion

In anova two direction, We want to know There is or or not

difference a number of independent variable with A the dependent
variable and each variable have two level or more. Lots of it The level
of the independent variable and dependent variable determines the
name of anova.

Testing anova two direction have a number of assumption including:

1. Population which was tested distribute normal
2. Variance or variety And population Which tested The same
3. Sample No relate One with Which other.

On testing ANOVA 2 direction based on observation 2 criteria.

Each criterion in the ANOVA test has a level. Objective from testing
ANOVA 2 direction this is For know whether There is influence And
various criteria Which tested to results Which desired.

There is 2 type anova two direction:

1. Anova Two Direction without Interaction
Is testing the hypothesis of a difference between three means or
more than two factor Which influential And interaction between
second factor the abolished.
2. Anova Two Direction with Interaction
This is a different test three average or more by two factors Which
influential And the influence of interactions between second factor
the taken into account.

34
B. Suggestion

In manual calculation, very High precision is required because of

the large number of elements being calculated. We should too
discrimination bias between Anova two-way direction with interaction
And Anova two-way direction without interaction

35
 participation during discussion sessions
1. Nadya bosra : Apakah ada metode statistik lain yang dapat
digunakan bersama dengan ANOVA dua arah untuk analisis lebih
lanjut?
Yang Menjawab : Andika Ardel Saputra
Jawaban :
Ya, menurut saya ada beberapa metode statistik lain yang dapat
digunakan bersama dengan ANOVA dua arah untuk analisis lebih
lanjut tergantung pada tujuan dan asumsi data.
A. Uji Post-hoc: Setelah melakukan ANOVA dua arah dan
menemukan perbedaan signifikan, Anda dapat melakukan
uji post-hoc seperti Tukey's HSD (Honestly Significant
Difference) atau uji Bonferroni untuk menentukan pasangan
kelompok yang berbeda secara signifikan. Ini membantu
mengidentifikasi kelompok yang menyebabkan perbedaan
B. Analisis Regresi: Anda dapat menggunakan analisis regresi
untuk menjelajahi lebih lanjut hubungan antara faktor-faktor
independen dan variabel dependen. Misalnya, Anda dapat
melakukan analisis regresi berganda jika ada lebih dari dua
faktor independen.
C. Analisis Korelasi: Untuk memahami hubungan antara dua
faktor dalam ANOVA dua arah, Anda dapat melakukan
analisis korelasi. Ini akan membantu Anda menentukan
apakah ada hubungan linier antara variabel independen.
D. Analisis Interaksi: Jika Anda ingin mendalam tentang
interaksi antara faktor-faktor independen, Anda dapat
melakukan analisis interaksi lanjutan seperti analisis regresi
interaksi. Ini membantu menjelaskan bagaimana faktor-
faktor tersebut saling memengaruhi dalam pengaruh
mereka terhadap variabel dependen.
2. Lhenny ardilah : Apa keuntungan dan keterbatasan dalam
menggunakan ANOVA dua arah dalam analisis data, dan
bagaimana cara mengatasi keterbatasan-keterbatasan tersebut?
Yang Menjawab : Grace H. Pongkapadang dan ada sedikit
tambahan jawaban dari saudara Andika Ardel Saputra
Jawaban :
Poin kesembilan membahas keuntungan dan keterbatasan dalam
36
 menggunakan ANOVA dua arah dalam analisis data. Ini penting
untuk memahami bahwa setiap alat statistik memiliki pro dan
kontra yang perlu dipertimbangkan dalam penggunaannya.
Keuntungan dalam menggunakan ANOVA dua arah
Kemampuan Memeriksa Pengaruh Dua Faktor: ANOVA dua
arah memungkinkan Anda untuk secara bersamaan
mengevaluasi pengaruh dua faktor atau lebih pada variabel
respon. Ini berguna dalam situasi di mana Anda ingin
memahami bagaimana dua atau lebih variabel bekerja
bersama-sama untuk memengaruhi hasil.
Mengidentifikasi Interaksi: Dalam ANOVA dua arah, Anda
dapat mendeteksi adanya interaksi antara faktor-faktor
yang mempengaruhi variabel respon. Ini dapat
mengungkapkan pola yang tidak terlihat jika faktor-faktor
tersebut diuji secara terpisah.
Keterbatasan dalam menggunakan ANOVA dua arah
Kompleksitas Interpretasi: Ketika ada interaksi antara
faktor-faktor, interpretasi hasil menjadi lebih kompleks.
Anda perlu memahami bagaimana efek satu faktor berubah
tergantung pada tingkat faktor lainnya.
Memerlukan Data yang Banyak: ANOVA dua arah
memerlukan jumlah data yang cukup besar untuk
memberikan hasil yang signifikan secara statistik. Dalam
situasi dengan data terbatas, mungkin lebih sulit untuk
menemukan perbedaan yang signifikan.
Asumsi Asumsi Dasar: ANOVA dua arah memiliki asumsi
dasar seperti normalitas data dan homogenitas varians.
Jika asumsi-asumsi ini tidak terpenuhi, hasilnya mungkin
tidak dapat diandalkan.
Keterbatasan dalam Variabel Respon: ANOVA dua arah
cocok untuk situasi di mana variabel respon adalah numerik.
Jika variabel respon adalah kategori atau ordinal, alternatif
seperti analisis ANOVA dua arah non-parametrik dapat
diperlukan.
Pengaruh Outlier: Outlier atau data yang ekstrem dapat
memiliki dampak besar dalam ANOVA. Memeriksa dan
mengelola outlier adalah langkah yang penting dalam
analisis ini.
3. Satrina : Bagaimana menginterpretasikan hasil Two-Way ANOVA
jika ada interaksi yang signifikan antara faktor-faktor dalam

37
 pengasumsiannya?
Yang Menjawab : Andika Ardel Saputra
Jawaban :
Interaksi yang signifikan antara faktor-faktor dalam Two-Way
ANOVA menunjukkan bahwa efek dari salah satu faktor pada
variabel dependen dapat bervariasi tergantung pada level atau
kondisi faktor lainnya. Ini bisa menjadi hal yang penting karena
mengindikasikan bahwa efek dari satu faktor tidak konsisten di
seluruh level faktor lainnya. Ketika ada interaksi yang signifikan
dalam Two-Way ANOVA, penting untuk menginterpretasikan hasil
dengan lebih hati-hati.
A. Efek Faktor-faktor Individu: Pertama, Anda perlu memperhatikan efek
masing-masing faktor secara terpisah. Periksa apakah ada efek utama
yang signifikan dari setiap faktor terhadap variabel dependen tanpa
mempertimbangkan faktor lainnya.
B. Interaksi: Jika terdapat interaksi yang signifikan, fokuslah pada
interpretasi interaksi tersebut. Hal ini dapat dilakukan dengan melihat
bagaimana pengaruh satu faktor pada variabel dependen dapat berbeda
tergantung pada level faktor lainnya. Plotting grafik interaksi dapat
membantu untuk memvisualisasikan bagaimana efek dari satu faktor
bergantung pada level faktor lainnya.
C. Konteks Penelitian: Penting untuk mempertimbangkan konteks penelitian
dan pemahaman mendalam terhadap variabel yang diteliti. Apakah
interaksi yang ditemukan sesuai dengan pengetahuan teoritis yang ada
atau apakah hasil tersebut menimbulkan pertanyaan baru yang perlu
diinvestigasi lebih lanjut.
D.
4. Risaldi : Bagaimana cara Anova dua arah digunakan untuk
menganalisis pengaruh dua faktor independen terhadap satu
variabel dependen?
Yang Menjawab : Grace H. pongkapadang

Jawaban:
ANOVA dua arah (Two-Way ANOVA) digunakan untuk
menganalisis pengaruh dua faktor independen terhadap satu
variabel dependen. Menurut saya ada beberapa langkah-langkah
umumnya:
1. Mengumpulkan Data: Pertama-tama, Anda perlu
mengumpulkan data yang mencakup variabel dependen
(misalnya, hasil tes siswa) dan dua faktor independen
38
 (misalnya, durasi belajar per minggu dan metode pengajaran).
2. Membagi Data: Data kemudian dibagi menjadi kelompok
berdasarkan kombinasi dari dua faktor independen. Misalnya,
Anda akan memiliki kelompok-kelompok yang berbeda untuk
berbagai tingkat durasi belajar dan metode pengajaran.
3. Melakukan ANOVA: Selanjutnya, Anda melakukan analisis
ANOVA dua arah. Ini melibatkan perangkat lunak statistik yang
akan menghitung F-statistik dan p-value untuk masing-masing
faktor independen dan interaksi antara keduanya.
4. Interpretasi Hasil: Jika Anda menemukan bahwa faktor
pertama (misalnya, durasi belajar) memiliki pengaruh yang
signifikan terhadap variabel dependen, Anda dapat
menyimpulkan bahwa durasi belajar berdampak.
5. Interpretasi Akhir: Hasil dari ANOVA dua arah membantu Anda
memahami bagaimana kedua faktor independen memengaruhi
variabel dependen, apakah ada interaksi antara faktor-faktor
tersebut, dan dalam kasus interaksi, bagaimana perbedaannya.
5. Rahmawati : Apa arti dari asumsi ketiga, yaitu bahwa sampel-
sampel tidak berhubungan satu sama lain? Apakah terdapat
metode alternatif yang dapat digunakan jika salah satu dari
asumsi-asumsi ini tidak terpenuhi?
Yang Menjawab : Andika Ardel Saputra
Jawaban :
Tentu, Dimana ANOVA dua arah dapat digunakan dalam konteks
pendidikan untuk membandingkan pengaruh durasi belajar dan
metode pengajaran terhadap kemampuan siswa memahami
materi pelajaran. Misalnya, dalam sebuah penelitian di sekolah,
para peneliti ingin menentukan apakah terdapat perbedaan
signifikan dalam pemahaman siswa terkait sejarah berdasarkan
durasi belajar (lama belajar per minggu) dan metode pengajaran
(tradisional vs. berbasis teknologi).
Mereka mengumpulkan data dari sejumlah siswa, mencatat
berapa jam mereka belajar per minggu dan metode pengajaran
yang mereka terima (tradisional atau berbasis teknologi).
Kemudian, data ini dapat dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA dua
arah untuk menentukan apakah ada perbedaan yang signifikan
dalam pemahaman siswa yang dapat diatribusikan kepada faktor-
faktor ini.
Hasil analisis ANOVA dua arah dapat membantu sekolah atau
peneliti untuk memahami apakah durasi belajar, metode

39
pengajaran, atau interaksi antara keduanya memiliki dampak yang
berarti terhadap kemampuan siswa memahami materi sejarah. Ini
dapat digunakan sebagai dasar untuk mengambil keputusan
dalam perbaikan kurikulum atau strategi pengajaran.
Yang jadi moderator : Satrina

40
 LIST REFERENCES

Ana Silfiani Rahmawati, R. E. (2020). PLAN RANDOM COMPLETE (RAL)

WITH TEST ANOVA TWO LANES. Journal.Uniflor , 4-5.

Furqon. (2013). APPLIED STATISTICS FOR

RESEARCH. Bandung:ALPHABET, CV.

Jumiati. (2017). TWO WAY ANOVA .

Accessed fromfile:///C:/Users/LENOVO/Downloads/toaz.info-
anova-dua-jalur- pr_081dd0eed2c0df63392f01184007bfbb%20(1).pdf

Rizki, L. (2017). Two -Way Anova paper along with

spss. Accessed from
https://id.scribd.com/document/371172769/Makalah-Anova-Dua-Arah
-
along with-sps

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