HUM 2: CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE

ARTS FROM THE REGION (CPAR)

TEACHER: MS. TRINA ELICE J. VERGARA, LPT SECOND SEMESTER OF S.Y. 22-23
TRANSCRIBER: MR. RAINIEL T. SANCHEZ STEM12- OLF

MODULE 4: PHILIPPINE ART HISTORY

Art is derived from the Latin word “Ars” meaning skill

- A means of self expression

- An avenue to showcase one's unique talents
- A creative expression that has the story of our
culture and heritage

Art, then, may be defined as a human pursuit to imitate life

and the world into something pleasing and beautiful.

"Human beings are the most imitative of living creatures Washing scene (Lavandera), (1953)
and through imitation, humans learn and experience
pleasure." What makes an artwork, "Filipino art"?
— Aristotle (Poetics,330 BCE)
"The idea was that the depiction of scenes of everyday life
Fernando Amorsolo is the First Contemporary Filipino and the surroundings without idealizing them was closest
Artist. in spirit to the Filipino soul and native soil. As long as the
work shows the Filipino way of living (e.g., spending a day in
His Artworks: the market, doing laundry in the river, or attending a fiesta in
the town), it is " closest in spirit to the Filipino soul and native
soil."
— Leo Benesa, a Filipino poet, essayist, and art critic

2 Characteristic of Filipino art:

- Shows simple filipino way of living
- “ “ without idealizing

Timeline of Philippine Arts

Planting rice, (1941)

I. Pre-colonial period
II. Islamic Occupation
III. Spanish Occupation
Mango Pickers, (1936) IV. American Occupation
V. Japanese Occupation
VI. Contemporary Period

Pre-colonial Period (900-1521)

- Primarily, arts in this time were for ritual purposes or
everyday use only.
- Improved as time passed by

SANCHEZ, RAINIEL T. 1
Literature: Cave Writings, Rituals, and Baybayin Manunggul Burial Jar

Animism is the belief that objects, places, and

creatures. Ex. Worshiping the Sun

Baybayin is the indigenous way of writing which is

also known as Alibata (Inappropriate). It was declined by the
Spanish colonizers since it looks like witchcraft.

- A modern casket that has figures on its lid that is

believed to be the one to guide them to the afterlife
and transport through the bodies of water.

Dance during that time is full Imitation of Animals and Nature

Banog (Cordillera) – Hawk

Visual Arts: Pintados’ Tattoo, Bul-ul, and Manunggul Burial
Jar

Pintados’ Tattoo

Kadal Tahaw in South Cotabato is a dance that shows the

imitation of Tahaw, a bird
- People in ancient Philippine society, particularly in
the Eastern Visayas, were adorned with tattoos.

2 Basis:
- badge of honor of the warriors/ their symbol of
warriorship.
- their religion

Bul-ul
Tinikling is a dance imitating tikling, a bird

Islamic Occupation (1201-1300)

Sayyid Abubakar of Arabia (13th Century) introduced

islamic religion in the philippines.

Literature: Quran and Arabic Alphabet

- A carved wooden figure coated with pig’s blood, it is
Quran
believed by ifugao people that the rice deities will
- Equivalent to the bible
guard the rice crops (Animism).
- Sacred scripture of islam people

Islam
- Most stable religion in the world

SANCHEZ, RAINIEL T. 2
 Visual Arts: (Display a hidden desire for rebelion)
Arabic Alphabet Basi Revolt, Carta Hydrograpica y Chorographica de Ias
- Alphabets used by the islam people Yslas Filipinas, Virgenes Christianas expuestas al
Populacho, and Spoliarium
Architecture: First Masjid (Mosque)
Basi Revolt
First Masjid (Mosque)

- Basi - Ilocano Alcohol

- Sacred place of islam people - Revolt - Revolution
- Basi Revolt Painting Series 14 Paintings
Visual Arts: Okir - Lasted for 13 days
- Spanish people killed the key individuals of the basi
Okir revolt and they still published it to warn the filipino
people that if they will act against them, they will
face death or execution.

Carta Hydrograpica y Chorographica de Ias Yslas

Filipinas

- Template of design used in islamic establishments.

- Organic free flowing shape

Spanish Occupation (1521-1898)

- Art as a tool to propagate the Catholic faith through
beautiful images because of language barrier. - The First Scientific Map of the Philippines
- Propagation of catholicism
Virgenes Christianas expuestas al Populacho
Literature: Doctrina Christiana

Doctrina Christiana

- A Famous Artwork among filipinos

- First ever book published in the philippines in

Xylography
- Xylography using clay

SANCHEZ, RAINIEL T. 3
Spoliarium (1884) Bahay na Bato

- A painting of Juan Luna that is the representation of - Filipino structure developed during the Spanish
the Philippines during the Spanish conquest. colonial “House of stone”
- Latin term that means “basement of an arena”
- Gladiators are those who fight in the arena Sculpture: Saints, Relleves, and Carroza
- It is a form of entertainment for the Spanish people
and the criminals are those who fight. Saints
- Fallen Gladiator are the filipino people - Made of Ivory (Elephant’s Tusk) and Wood
- Audience are the spanish people
- Woman crying is the motherland Relleves
- The sketch cost 73.5 million pesos
- Like the crucifixion of christ

Architecture: Plaza Complex, Churches, and Bahay na bato

Plaza Complex

- Facade of the Churches

Carroza
- Pedestal used to place an image of a saint

Music and Dance: Pabasa and Folk Dances (i.e.,

- Basic commodities like the hospital near the Pandanggo sa Ilaw)
municipal hall
Pabasa or Pasyon
Churches - Life, passion, and Death of christ through singing

Folk Dances
- Ex. Pandanggo sa ilaw

Theater: Zarzuela, Senakulo, and Komedya

Zarzuela
- Lyrical and Dramatic and is about common issues

- Built using cruciform

Senakulo
- Act about the life, passion, and death of christ

Komedya
- Poem made into performance
- Dramatic Acting

SANCHEZ, RAINIEL T. 4
 - About the religion of islam and catholic people
American Occupation (1898-1940)
- The classical in nature, and the artworks are in
neo-classical and modern form. One of their greatest
contributions to the Philippines is the educational
system.
- Free basic education
Contemporary art mirrors contemporary culture and society,
offering the general audiences rich resources to consider
current ideas and rethink the familiar. The work of
contemporary artists is a dynamic combination of materials,
methods, concepts, and subjects that challenges traditional
boundaries and defies easy definition.

Architecture: Burnham Plans

Burnham Plans

- Proponent: Daniel Burnham

- Planning system that are more on greenery

Theater: Vaudeville and Bodabil

Vaudeville
- French comedy just to make the people laugh with
no hidden agenda

Bodabil
- Filipino version of Vaudeville
- Dolphy Quizon is the king of comedy

Visual arts: UP Oblation, Bonifacio Monument, and Harvest

time

UP Oblation and Bonifacio Monument are works by

Guillermo Tolentino

Harvest time is a work of fernando amorsolo

Japanese Occupation (1942-1945)

- Brought tremendous fear, hardships, and suffering
among the Filipinos.
- The Filipinos lost their freedom of speech and
Expression.
- The development of art was also stopped resulting in
being the dark period of Philippine history.
- Dark period of philippine art
- Pasyung Malutu or Pasyun ding Talapagobra

Contemporary art (1970-Present)

SANCHEZ, RAINIEL T. 5