11 MATHEMATICS (VOLUME-II)

(Easy 5, 3 and 2 mark question and answers for Slow Leaners)

5 Mark Questions and Answers

0 9 9
𝐴 − 𝐴𝑇 = (−9 0 −3)
𝟏 𝟑 𝟓 𝟏 −𝟔 −𝟒 −9 3 0
 1 3 5 𝐀 = (−𝟔 𝟖 𝟑) ⇒ 𝐀𝐓 = (𝟑 𝟖 𝟔)
1) Express the matrix A =  −6 
8 3  as the sum of −𝟒 𝟔 𝟓 𝟓 𝟑 𝟓 𝟏 𝟏
𝐀= (𝐀 + 𝐀𝐓 ) + (𝐀 − 𝐀𝐓 )
 −4 6 5  𝟐 𝟐
 2 −3 1
𝑇
𝐴 + 𝐴 = (−3 16 9 )
a symmetric and a skew-symmetric matrices. 1 2 −3 1 1 0 9 9
1 9 10 𝐴 = (−3 16 9 ) + (−9 0 −3)
2 2
1 9 10 −9 3 0

0 5 3
𝑇
𝐴 − 𝐴 = (−5 0 6)
𝟑 𝟑 −𝟏 𝟑 −𝟐 −𝟒
𝐀 = (−𝟐 −𝟐 𝟏 ) ⇒ 𝐀𝐓 = ( 𝟑 −𝟐 −𝟓)
−3 −6 0
𝟑 𝟑 −𝟏 −𝟒 −𝟓 𝟐 −𝟏 𝟏 𝟐
2) Express the matrix 𝐀 = (−𝟐 −𝟐 𝟏 ) as the 𝟏 𝟏
𝐀= (𝐀 + 𝐀𝐓 ) + (𝐀 − 𝐀𝐓 )
−𝟒 −𝟓 𝟐 6 1 −5 𝟐 𝟐
𝑇
sum of a symmetric and a skew-symmetric matrices. 𝐴 + 𝐴 = ( 1 −4 −4)
−5 −4 4 1 6 1 −5 1 0 5 3
A= ( 1 −4 −4) + (−5 0 6)
2 2
−5 −4 4 −3 −6 0

𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
3) Prove that 𝟏+ 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝒂 𝒂 𝒂 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
| 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 | 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 | 𝟏+
1+ a 1 1 ⇒ 𝒂𝒃𝒄 𝟏+ = 𝒂𝒃𝒄 (𝟏 + + + ) |𝒃 𝒃 𝒃 ||
 1 1 1 𝒂 𝒃 𝒄 𝟏
1 1+ b 1 = abc  1 + + +  | 𝒃 𝒃 𝒃 | 𝟏 𝟏
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏+
 a b c 𝟏+ 𝒄 𝒄 𝒄
1 1 1+ c 𝒄 𝒄 𝒄
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
= 𝒂𝒃𝒄 (𝟏 + + + )
𝒂 𝒃 𝒄

1
 n-th term of 𝐺𝑃 is 𝑡𝑛 = 𝑎𝑟 𝑛−1 𝐥𝐨𝐠𝐀 + (𝐩 − 𝟏)𝐥𝐨𝐠𝐑 𝑝 1
𝑡𝑝 = 𝑎 = 𝐴𝑅 𝑝−1 ⇒ |𝐥𝐨𝐠𝐀 + (𝐪 − 𝟏)𝐥𝐨𝐠𝐑 𝑞 1|
4) If a, b, c are all positive and are p th , q th and r th 𝐥𝐨𝐠𝐀 + (𝐫 − 𝟏)𝐥𝐨𝐠𝐑 𝑟 1
⇒ 𝐥𝐨𝐠𝐚 = 𝐥𝐨𝐠𝐀 + (𝐩 − 𝟏)𝐥𝐨𝐠𝐑
𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝒂 𝒑 𝟏 (𝐩 − 𝟏)𝐥𝐨𝐠𝐑 𝑝
𝑡𝑞 = 𝑏 = 𝐴𝑅 𝑞−1 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝐴 𝑝 1 1
terms of a G.P., show that |𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝒃 𝒒 𝟏| = 𝟎 ⇒ |𝑙𝑜𝑔𝐴 𝑞 1| + |(𝐪 − 𝟏)𝐥𝐨𝐠𝐑 𝑞 1|
𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝒄 𝒓 𝟏 ⇒ 𝐥𝐨𝐠𝐛 = 𝐥𝐨𝐠𝐀 + (𝐪 − 𝟏)𝐥𝐨𝐠𝐑
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝐴 𝑟 1 (𝐫 − 𝟏)𝐥𝐨𝐠𝐑 𝑟 1
𝑡𝑟 = 𝑐 = 𝐴𝑅 𝑟−1
⇒ 𝐥𝐨𝐠𝐜 = 𝐥𝐨𝐠𝐀 + (𝐫 − 𝟏)𝐥𝐨𝐠𝐑 =0
n-th term in 𝐴𝑃 is
𝐀 + (𝐩 − 𝟏)𝐝 𝑝 1
t n = a + (n − 1)d ⇒ |𝐀 + (𝐪 − 𝟏)𝐝 𝑞 1|
5) If a, b, c are p th , q th and r th terms of an A.P., Find 𝐀 + (𝐫 − 𝟏)𝐝 𝑟 1
a b c 𝐭 𝒑 = 𝐚 = 𝐀 + (𝐩 − 𝟏)𝐝
𝐀 𝑝 1 (𝐩 − 𝟏)𝐝 𝑝 1
the value of p q r ⇒ |𝑨 𝑞 1| + |(𝐪 − 𝟏)𝐝 𝑞 1|
𝐭 𝒒 = 𝐛 = 𝐀 + (𝐪 − 𝟏)𝐝
1 1 1 𝐀 𝑟 1 (𝐫 − 𝟏)𝐝 𝑟 1
𝐭 𝒑 = 𝐜 = 𝐀 + (𝐫 − 𝟏)𝐝 =0

𝟏 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒙 𝒚 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒙 𝒛
𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝐲 𝐱 × 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝐱 𝐲 = 𝟏 |𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝒚 𝒙 𝟏 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒚 𝒛|
𝟏 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒙 𝒚 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒙 𝒛 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒛 𝒙 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒛 𝒚 𝟏
6) Find the value of |𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒚 𝒙 𝟏 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒚 𝒛| 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝐱 𝐲 × 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝐲 𝐳 = 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝐱 𝐳 𝟏 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒙 𝒚 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒙 𝒛
𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒛 𝒙 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒛 𝒚 𝟏 𝟏
= | 𝟏 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒙 𝒚 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒙 𝒛|
if 𝒙, 𝒚, 𝒛 ≠ 𝟏 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒙 𝒚
Multiply 𝑅2 by 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 𝑦 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒛 𝒙 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒛 𝒚 𝟏
=0

Degree of ∆= 𝟑
1 1 1
7) Using factor theorem show that ∆= 𝒌(𝒙 − 𝒚)(𝒚 − 𝒛)(𝒛 − 𝒙)
∆= | x y z|
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 x2 y2 z2
|𝒙 𝒚 𝒛 | = (𝒙 − 𝒚)(𝒚 − 𝒛)(𝒛 − 𝒙) 𝒙 = 𝟐, 𝒚 = 𝟏, 𝒛 = 𝟎 ⇒ 𝒌 = 𝟏
x = y ⇒ ∆= 0
𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐 𝒛𝟐
(x − y) is a factor ∴ ∆= (𝒙 − 𝒚)(𝒚 − 𝒛)(𝒛 − 𝒙)
⇒ (y − z), (z − x) also factors

2
 1 𝑥2 𝑥3 Degree of ∆= 𝟓
8) Using factor theorem show that ∆= |1 𝑦2 𝑦3|
∆= (𝒙 − 𝒚)(𝒚 − 𝒛)(𝒛 − 𝒙) [𝒌(𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝒛𝟐 )
1 x2 x3 1 𝑧2 z3
x = y ⇒ ∆= 0 + 𝒍(𝒙𝒚 + 𝒚𝒛 + 𝒛𝒙)]
1 y2 y 3 = ( x − y )( y − z )( z − x )( xy + yz + zx )
(x − y) is a factor ⇒𝐤=𝟎 ; 𝐥=𝟏
1 z2 z3
⇒ (y − z), (z − x) are also factors ∆= (𝐱 − 𝐲)(𝐲 − 𝐳)(𝐳 − 𝐱) (𝐱𝐲 + 𝐲𝐳 + 𝐳𝐱)

𝑏+𝑐 a 𝑎2 Degree of ∆= 𝟒
9) Using factor theorem show that ∆= | 𝑐 + 𝑎 b 𝑏2 |
𝑎+𝑏 c 𝑐2 ∆= k(a + b + c)(a − b)(b − c)(c − a)
𝒃 + 𝒄 𝐚 𝒂𝟐
| 𝒄 + 𝒂 𝐛 𝒃𝟐 | = (𝐚 + 𝐛 + 𝐜)(𝐚 − 𝐛)(𝐛 − 𝐜)(𝐜 − 𝐚) a = b ⇒ ∆= 0 ⇒𝐤=𝟏
𝒂 + 𝒃 𝐜 𝒄𝟐 ⇒ (a − b) is a factor
∆= (a + b + c)(a − b)(b − c)(c − a)
⇒ (b − c), (c − a) also factors

a b c a b c 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 −𝑎 −𝑏 −𝑐
10) Show that RHS = |b c a | × |𝑏 𝑐 𝑎| = |𝑏 𝑐 𝑎| × | 𝑐 𝑎 𝑏|
2 c a b 𝑐 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 𝑎 𝑏 𝑏 𝑐 𝑎
2bc − a 2 c2 b2 a b c
a b c a b c
c2 2 ca − b 2 a2 = b c a = |b c a | × (−) | c a b| 2𝑏𝑐 − 𝑎2 𝑐2 𝑏2
b2 a2 2 ab − c 2 c a b c a b b c a = | 𝑐2 2𝑐𝑎 − 𝑏 2 𝑎2 |
𝑏2 𝑎2 2𝑎𝑏 − 𝑐 2

log n m × log m n = 1
p log 2 3 log 8 3 log 2 3 log 23 3
log nq mp = log n m |
log 3 4 log 3 4
|=|
log 3 22 log 3 22
|
11) Find the value of the product q
𝟐 𝟒
𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟔 𝟒 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟒 𝟑 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟑 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟖 𝟑 log 6 4 log 4 3 log 43 log 22 3 =𝟐−𝟑=𝟑
| 𝟑
𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟑 𝟖 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟒 𝟗
|×| 𝟐
𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟑 𝟒 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟑 𝟒
| | 3 |=| 3 3 |
log 3 8 log 4 9 log 3 2 log 4 32 9 4
Product = × = 6
𝟑 𝟗 2 3
=𝟔− =
𝟐 𝟐

3
12) Section Formula:(Internal division)
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
AP m
If the point P divides the line segment AB =
internally in the ratio m:n and a , b are position ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
PB n
vectors of A and B then prove that the position vector ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑎
𝑂𝐴 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ − OA
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ) = m(OB
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ − OP
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ )
n(OP
of P is
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑏⃗ ⃗ + na⃗
mb
mb + na 𝑂𝐵
⇒ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
OP =
OP =
m+n m+n

If 𝐺1 divide AD in the ratio 2:1 then

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑎 𝑎 + 𝑏⃗ + 𝑐
𝑂𝐴 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐺1 =
3
13) The medians of a triangle are concurrent. Prove ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑏⃗
𝑂𝐵 Similarly
by vector method. 𝑎 + 𝑏⃗ + 𝑐
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑐
𝑂𝐶 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐺2 =
3
Position vectors of midpoints D, E, F 𝑎 + 𝑏⃗ + 𝑐
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐺3 =
𝑏⃗ + 𝑐 𝑐+𝑎 𝑎 + 𝑏⃗ 3
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ =
𝑂𝐷 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ =
; 𝑂𝐸 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ =
; 𝑂𝐹 ∴ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗2 = ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐺1 = 𝑂𝐺 𝑂𝐺3
2 2 2
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐵 = ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐸 + ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐄𝐅 + ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐹𝐵
14) If ABCD is quadrilateral and E and F are the ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐷 = ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐸 + ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐄𝐅 + ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐹𝐷
midpoints of AC and BD respectively, then prove that ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝐶𝐸
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ + 𝐄𝐅
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ + 𝐹𝐵
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐶𝐵
AB + AD + CB + CD = 4 EF
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝐶𝐸
𝐶𝐷 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ + 𝐄𝐅
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ + 𝐹𝐷
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗

∴ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐵 + ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ + ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐷 + 𝐶𝐵 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐶𝐷 = 4𝐸𝐹
𝐴𝐵 = 0𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 2𝑘̂ ⇒ |𝐴𝐵
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ | = √5

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂
𝑂𝐴 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑖̂ − 3𝑗̂ − 2𝑘̂ ⇒ |𝐵𝐶
𝐵𝐶 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ | = √14
15) Show that the points A(1,1,1), B(1,2,3) and
C(2,-1,1) are vertices of an isosceles triangle. ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ + 3𝑘̂
𝑂𝐵 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = −𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ + 0𝑘̂ ⇒ |𝐶𝐴
𝐶𝐴 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ | = √5
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 2𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂
𝑂𝐶 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ | = |𝐶𝐴
|𝐴𝐵 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ | = √5
Isosceles triangle

4
 𝐴𝐵 = 2𝑖̂ − 3𝑗̂ + 6𝑘̂ ⇒ |𝐴𝐵
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ | = √49
16 Prove that the points whose position vectors 𝑂𝐴 = 2𝑖̂ + 4𝑗̂ + 3𝑘̂
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 6𝑖̂ − 2𝑗̂ − 3𝑘̂ ⇒ |𝐵𝐶
𝐵𝐶 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ | = √49
2i + 4 j + 3k , 4i + j + 9 k and 10i − j + 6 k form a ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 4𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 9𝑘̂
𝑂𝐵
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = −8𝑖̂ + 5𝑗̂ − 3𝑘̂ ⇒ |𝐶𝐴
𝐶𝐴 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ | = √98
right angled triangle. ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 10𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ + 6𝑘̂
𝑂𝐶
𝐀𝐁 𝟐 + 𝐁𝐂 𝟐 = 𝐂𝐀𝟐
Form a right angled triangle
𝐚⃗ = 𝐬𝐛 + 𝐭𝐜
⃗ = s(7i − 8j + 9k
5i + 6j + 7k ⃗ ) + t(3i + 20j + 5k
⃗)
17) Show that the vectors ⃗
a⃗ = 5i + 6j + 7k
5 = 7𝑠 + 3𝑡
5i + 6 j + 7 k , 7 i − 8 j + 9 k , 3i + 20 j + 5k are coplanar ⃗ = 7i − 8j + 9k
⃗
b
6 = −8𝑠 + 20𝑡
vectors.
⃗
c = 3i + 20j + 5k 7 = 9𝑠 + 5𝑡
1
solving 𝑠 = 𝑡 = 2 ⇒ coplanar vectors

𝐴𝐵 = −4𝑖̂ − 6𝑗̂ − 2𝑘̂

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 4𝑖̂ + 5𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂
𝑂𝐴
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 3𝑖̂ + 10𝑗̂ + 5𝑘̂
𝐵𝐶
18) Show that the points whose position vectors ̂ − 𝑗̂ − 𝑘̂
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 0𝑖
𝑂𝐵
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = −7𝑖̂ − 5𝑗̂ + 0𝑘̂
𝐶𝐷
4i + 5 j + k , − j − k , 3i + 9 j + 4k and −4i + 4 j + 4 k
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 3𝑖̂ + 9𝑗̂ + 4𝑘̂
𝑂𝐶
are coplanar. ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝐬𝐁𝐂
𝐀𝐁 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ + 𝐭𝐂𝐃
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐷 = −4𝑖̂ + 4𝑗̂ + 4𝑘̂
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ −2 2
⇒𝑠= ; 𝑡 = 5 Coplanar vectors
5
𝑛 𝑛 𝑛−1 𝑛−2
𝑥 − 𝑎 = (𝑥 − 𝑎)(𝑥 +𝑥 𝑎+ …
= lim (𝑥 𝑛−1 + 𝑥 𝑛−2 𝑎 + … + 𝑎𝑛−1 )
+ 𝑎𝑛−1 ) 𝑥→𝑎
19) Prove that:
𝑥 𝑛 −𝑎𝑛 𝑥 𝑛 − 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎𝑛−1 + 𝑎𝑛−1 + ⋯ + 𝑎𝑛−1 (n-times)
𝑛−1
lim =𝑛𝑎 lim
𝑥→0 𝑥−𝑎 𝑥→𝑎 𝑥 − 𝑎

(𝑥 − 𝑎)(𝑥 𝑛−1 + 𝑥 𝑛−2 𝑎 + … + 𝑎𝑛−1 )

= 𝑛 𝑎𝑛−1
= lim
𝑥→𝑎 𝑥−𝑎

5
 By area property
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽
20) Prove that: 𝐥𝐢𝐦 =𝟏 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 𝜃 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
𝜽→𝟎 𝜽 ≥ ≥
2 2 2
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 ≤ ≤1
𝜃
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
Finding limits lim =1
𝜃→0 𝜃
𝑥 = 𝑎(𝜃 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃), 𝑦 = 𝑎(1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃)
1 𝜃
𝑦 ′′ = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 4 ( )
21) If x = a ( + sin  ) , y = a (1 − cos  ) then show
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝜃
= 𝑎(1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃) 𝑑𝜃
= 𝑎(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃) 4𝑎 2
1  𝜋 1
that y11 = when  = 𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑦⁄
𝜃= ⇒ 𝑦 ′′ =
a 2 ′
=𝑦 = 𝑑𝜃 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃 2 𝑎
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥⁄𝑑𝜃 1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 2

−1 x Again differentiating
y = etan
−1 x
22) If y = e tan then show that −1 x 1 (1 + 𝑥 2 )𝑦11 + 𝑦1 2𝑥 = 𝑦
𝑦 ′ = etan ( )
(1 − x ) y
2 11
+ ( 2 x − 1) y1 = 0 1 + 𝑥2
(1 − 𝑥 2 )𝑦 11 + (2𝑥 − 1)𝑦 1 = 0
(1 + 𝑥 2 )𝑦1 = 𝑦
𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑥
𝑦= 𝑦 1 (1 − 𝑥2 ) − 𝑥𝑦 = 1
√1 − 𝑥2
sin −1 x Again differentiating
23) If y = , then show that
1− x 2 𝑦√1 − 𝑥2 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑥
𝑦 11 (1 − 𝑥2 ) − 3𝑥𝑦1 − 𝑦 = 0
(1 − x ) y
2
2 − 3 xy1 − y = 0 Squaring on both sides
(1 − 𝑥 2 )𝑦2 − 3𝑥𝑦1 − 𝑦 = 0
2 (1 2) (𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 2
𝑦 −𝑥 = 𝑥)

6
 𝑦 = (𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 𝑥)2
(𝑦 1 )2 (1 − 𝑥2 ) = 4𝑦
differentiating
Again differentiating
24) If y = ( cos −1 x )
2
, then show that 1 −1
−1
𝑦 = 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥( ) (1 − 𝑥2 )𝑦11 − 𝑥𝑦 1 − 2 = 0
d2y dy √1 − 𝑥2
(1 − x ) dx
2
2
−x
dx
− 2 = 0 . Also find 𝒚𝟐
𝑑2𝑦 𝑑𝑦
𝑦1 √1 − 𝑥2 = −2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 𝑥 (1 − 𝑥 2 ) −𝑥 −2=0
when 𝒙 = 𝟎 𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
Squaring both side
𝑥 = 0 ⇒ 𝑦 11 = 2
(𝑦 1 )2 (1 −𝑥 2)
= 4(𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1
𝑥) 2

25) State and prove Addition theorem on From the diagram 𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 𝑃[(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵̅ ) ∪ 𝐵]
probability. (OR) 𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 = (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵̅ ) ∪ 𝐵 = 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵̅ ) + 𝑃(𝐵)
Prove that 𝑷(𝑨 ∪ 𝑩) = 𝑷(𝑨) + 𝑷(𝑩) − 𝑷(𝑨 ∩ 𝑩)
𝑷(𝑨 ∪ 𝑩) = 𝑷(𝑨) + 𝑷(𝑩) − 𝑷(𝑨 ∩ 𝑩)

26) An anti-aircraft gun can take a maximum of ̅̅̅1̅) = 0.8

𝑃(𝐻1 ) = 0.2 ⇒ 𝑃(𝐻 Probability that the gun hit the plane is
four shots at an enemy plane moving away from it.
̅̅̅2̅) = 0.6
𝑃(𝐻2 ) = 0.4 ⇒ 𝑃(𝐻 ̅̅̅1̅)𝑃(𝐻
𝑃(𝐻) = 1 − 𝑃(𝐻 ̅̅̅̅2 )𝑃(𝐻
̅̅̅̅3 )𝑃(𝐻
̅̅̅̅4 )
The probability of hitting the plane in the first,
second, third and fourth shot are respectively ̅̅̅3̅) = 0.8
𝑃(𝐻3 ) = 0.2 ⇒ 𝑃(𝐻 = 1 − (0.8)(0.6)(0.8)(0.9)
0.2, 0.4, 0.2 and 0.1. Find the probability that the ̅̅̅3̅) = 0.9
𝑃(𝐻4 ) = 0.1 ⇒ 𝑃(𝐻 = 1 − 0.3456 = 0.6544
gun hits the plane.
(i) Probability that the problem is
1 2
𝑃(𝐴) = ⇒ 𝑃(𝐴̅) = solved is = 1 − 𝑃(𝐴̅)𝑃(𝐵̅ )𝑃(𝐶̅ )
27) A problem in Mathematics is given to three 3 3
students whose chances of solving it are 1 3 2 3
= 1−3×4×5 =1−5 =5
4 2 3
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝑃(𝐵) = ⇒ 𝑃(𝐵̅ ) =
, 𝟒 , 𝒂𝒏𝒅 (i) what is the probability that the 4 4
𝟑 𝟓 (ii) Only one solve the problem
1 4
problem is solved? (ii) What is the probability that 𝑃(𝐶) = ⇒ 𝑃(𝐶̅ ) =
5 5 = 𝑃(𝐴)𝑃(𝐵̅)𝑃(𝐶̅ ) + 𝑃(𝐴̅)𝑃(𝐵)𝑃(𝐶̅ ) + 𝑃(𝐴̅)𝑃(𝐵̅ )𝑃(𝐶)
exactly one of them will solve it?
26 13
= =
60 30

7
28) A factory has two machines I and II. Machine I
produces 40% of items of the output and Machine
𝑃(𝐴1 ) = 0.40 ⇒ 𝑃(𝐵/𝐴1 ) = 0.04 𝑃(𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴1 ). 𝑃(𝐵/𝐴1 ) + 𝑃(𝐴2 ). 𝑃(𝐵/𝐴2 )
II produces 60% of the items. Further 4% of items
produced by Machine I are defective and 5% 𝑃(𝐴2 ) = 0.60 ⇒ 𝑃(𝐵/𝐴2 ) = 0.05 = (0.40)(0.04) + (0.60)(0.05)
produced by Machine II are defective. If an item is = 0.046
drawn at random, find the probability that it is
defective item.
29) A factory has two machines I and II. Machine I
produces 40% of items of the output and Machine 𝑃(𝐴2 ) × 𝑃(𝐵/𝐴2 )
𝑃(𝐴2 /𝐵) =
II produces 60% of the items. Further 4% of items 𝑃(𝐴1 )𝑃(𝐵/𝐴1 ) + 𝑃(𝐴2 )𝑃(𝐵/𝐴2 )
𝑃(𝐴1 ) = 0.40 ⇒ 𝑃(𝐵/𝐴1 ) = 0.04
produced by Machine I are defective and 5% (0.60)(0.05)
𝑃(𝐴2 ) = 0.60 ⇒ 𝑃(𝐵/𝐴2 ) = 0.05 =
produced by Machine II are defective. An item is (0.40)(0.04) + (0.60)(0.05)
drawn at random. If the drawn item is defective, 0.03 30 15
= = =
find the probability that it was produced by 0.046 46 23
Machine II.
4
𝑃(𝐴1 ) = ⇒ 𝑃(𝐵/𝐴1 ) = 0.3
30) The chances of X,Y and Z becoming managers 9
of a certain company are 4:2:3. The probability 2
𝑃(𝐴2 ) = ⇒ 𝑃(𝐵/𝐴2 ) = 0.5 𝑃(𝐴3 ) × 𝑃(𝐵/𝐴3 )
that bonus scheme will be introduced if X, Y and Z 9 𝑃(𝐴3 /𝐵) =
∑ 𝑃(𝐴𝑖 )𝑃(𝐵/𝐴𝑖 )
become managers are 0.3, 0.5 and 0.4 respectively. 3
𝑃(𝐴3 ) = ⇒ 𝑃(𝐵/𝐴3 ) = 0.4 12
If the bonus scheme has been introduced, what is 9 =
34
the probability that Z was appointed as the
manager?

8
 2 and 3 mark Question & Answers
2x3 அணியின் ப ொது வடிவம்
(2 − 2)2
𝑎11 𝑎12 𝑎13 𝑎21 = =0
𝐴 = [𝑎 2
21 𝑎22 𝑎23 ]
(2 − 2 × 2)2
1) Construct an 𝒎 × 𝒏 matrix 𝐴 = [𝑎𝑖𝑗 ] where 𝑎𝑖𝑗 (1 − 2)2 1 𝑎22 = =2
𝑎11 = = 2
(i − 2 j ) 2 2
2

is given by aij = ; with 𝒎 = 𝟐, 𝒏 = 𝟑 (2 − 2 × 3)2

2 (1 − 2 × 2)2 9 𝑎23 = =8
𝑎12 = = 2
2 2
1 9 25⁄
(1 − 2 × 3)2 25 ⇒ 𝐴 = [ ⁄2 ⁄2 2]
𝑎13 = = 0 2 8
2 2
|3 − 12| 9
𝑎11 𝑎12 𝑎13 𝑎14 𝑎13 = =
𝑎 𝑎22 𝑎23 𝑎24 ] 4 4
𝐴 = [ 21
𝑎31 𝑎32 𝑎33 𝑎34 |3 − 16| 13
𝑎14 = =
2) Construct an 𝒎 × 𝒏 matrix 𝐴 = [𝑎𝑖𝑗 ] where 𝑎𝑖𝑗 |3 − 4| 1 4 4
|𝟑𝒊−𝟒𝒋| 𝑎11 = =
is given by 𝑎𝑖𝑗 = 𝟒
; with 𝒎 = 𝟑, 𝒏 = 𝟒 4 4 1 1 5 9 13
∴ 𝐴 = [ 2 2 6 10 ]
|3 − 8| 5 4
𝑎12 = = 5 1 3 7
4 4

𝟎 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜶 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜶
𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜶 𝟎 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜷 ] எனில் 𝟎 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜶 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜶 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛽 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛽
3) 𝑨 = [ A -ன்
𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜶 − 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜷 𝟎 |𝑨| = | 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜶 𝟎 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜷 |
𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜶 − 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜷 𝟎 |𝑨| = 0
மதிப்பு காண்க.

Area of triangle
4) Find the area of the triangle whose vertices 1 𝑥1 𝑦1 1 −2 −3 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = |−15| = 15 ச. அலகு
1 1
are (−𝟐, −𝟑), (𝟑, 𝟐) , (−𝟏, −𝟖) = 2 |1 𝑥2 𝑦2 | = |1 3 2|
2
1 𝑥3 𝑦3 1 −1 −8

9
 Given Area = 9
1 −3 0
Area of triangle 1
|
2
1 3 0| = 9
5) If the area of the triangle with vertices
1 𝑥1 𝑦1 1 0 𝑘
(−𝟑, 𝟎), (𝟑, 𝟎) , (𝟎, 𝒌) is 9 square units, find the 1
= 2 |1 𝑥2 𝑦2 | |6𝑘| = 2 × 9 = 18
values of k.
1 𝑥3 𝑦3
⇒ |𝑘| = 3
𝑘 = ±3

𝟑 𝟖 𝟏 𝟑 𝟖 𝟏 |𝐴| = 0
6) Show that [−𝟒 𝟏 𝟏] is a singular matrix. |−𝟒 𝟏 𝟏| = 0 𝑅2 ≡ 𝑅3
−𝟒 𝟏 𝟏 Hence A is singular Matrix
−𝟒 𝟏 𝟏

7) Compute |𝑨| using Sarrus rule if

3 4 1 |𝑨| = (−𝟏𝟖 + 𝟒𝟎 + 𝟎) − (−𝟓 − 𝟏𝟐 + 𝟎)
 
A= 0 −1 2 = 22 + 17 = 39
 
 5 −2 6 

x+y y+z z+x x+y+z x+y+z x+y+z

[ z x y ]= | z x y |
8) Without expanding evaluate the determinant 1 1 1 1 1 1
𝑥+𝑦 𝑦+𝑧 𝑧+𝑥
[ 𝑧 𝑥 𝑦 ] 1 1 1
1 1 1 = (x + y + z) | z x y| = 0 𝑅1 ≡ 𝑅3
1 1 1

0 𝑐 𝑏 0 𝑐 𝑏
𝐿𝐻𝑆 = | 𝑐 0 𝑎| × |𝑐 0 𝑎|
9) Show that 𝑏 𝑎 0 𝑏 𝑎 0
𝟎 𝒄 𝒃𝟐 𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐 𝒂𝒃 𝒂𝒄
| 𝒄 𝟎 𝒂| = | 𝒂𝒃 𝒄𝟐 + 𝒂𝟐 𝒃𝒄 | 𝑏2 + 𝑐 2 𝑎𝑏 𝑎𝑐
𝒃 𝒂 𝟎 𝒂𝒄 𝒃𝒄 𝒂 + 𝒃𝟐
𝟐 = | 𝑎𝑏 𝑐 + 𝑎2
2
𝑏𝑐 |
𝑎𝑐 𝑏𝑐 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2

10
 ⃗ 𝐚⃗
𝑎 = 5𝑖 − 3𝑗 + 4𝑘 𝐚̂ =
10) Find the unit vector in the direction of |𝐚⃗|
|𝑎| = √52 + (−3)2 + 42
⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗
𝟓𝒊 − 𝟑𝒋 + 𝟒𝒌 ⃗
5𝑖 − 3𝑗 + 4𝑘
= √25 + 9 + 16 = √50 𝑎̂ =
√50

Direction ratio = (3, −4, 8)

11) Find the modulus, direction ratios and ⃗
𝑟 = 3𝑖 − 4𝑗 + 8𝑘 𝑥 𝑦 𝑧
Direction cosines = (𝑟 , , )
𝑟 𝑟
⃗
direction cosines of the vector 𝟑𝒊 − 𝟒𝒋 + 𝟖𝒌 |𝑟| = 𝑟 = √9 + 16 + 64 = √89 3 −4 8
=( , , )
√89 √89 √89

⃗ ) ∙ (𝑖 − 2𝑗 + 3𝑘
(2𝑖 + 𝜆𝑗 + 𝑘 ⃗)=0
⃗ = 𝟐𝒊 + 𝝀𝒋 + 𝒌
12) If 𝒂 ⃗ and 𝒃 ⃗ = 𝒊 − 𝟐𝒋 + 𝟑𝒌
⃗ are Perpendicular vectors
perpendicular vectors then find '𝝀′ 𝟓
𝑎 ∙ 𝑏⃗ = 0 2 − 2𝜆 + 3 = 0 ⇒ 𝛌 =
𝟐
2 + 18 + 21
13) Find the projection of =
⃗
𝑎⃗ ∙ 𝑏 √4 + 36 + 9
Projection of 𝑏⃗ on 𝑎 = |𝑎⃗|
⃗ on 𝟐𝒊 + 𝟔𝒋 + 𝟑𝒌
𝒊 + 𝟑𝒋 + 𝟕𝒌 ⃗ 41
=
7
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑂𝐵
𝐴𝐵 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ − 𝑂𝐴 ⃗
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑖 − 2𝑗 + 3𝑘
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐴 = ⃗⃗⃗ ⃗
2i + 3j − 5k
14) Show that the points whose position vectors ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑂𝐶
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ − 𝑂𝐴 ⃗
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 4𝑖 − 8𝑗 + 12𝑘
𝐴𝐶
⃗⃗⃗ + 𝟑𝐣 − 𝟓𝐤 , 𝟑𝐢 + 𝐣 − 𝟐𝐤 and
are 𝟐𝐢 ⃗
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 3i + j − 2k
𝑂𝐵
⃗)
= 4(𝑖 − 2𝑗 + 3𝑘
𝟔𝐢 − 𝟓𝐣 + 𝟕𝐤 are collinear. ⃗
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 6i − 5j + 7k
𝑂𝐶
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐶 = 4𝐴𝐵 Collinear vectors.

𝑎 = 𝑥𝑖̂ + 𝑦𝑗̂ + 𝑧𝑘̂ ̂ | 𝟐 = 𝒙 𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐

⃗ ×𝒌
|𝒂
⃗ prove that
15) For any Vector 𝒂
⃗ × 𝒊̂|𝟐 = 𝒚𝟐 + 𝒛𝟐
|𝒂 ⃗ × 𝒊̂|𝟐 + |𝒂
|𝒂 ⃗ × 𝒋̂|𝟐 + |𝒂 ̂ |𝟐
⃗ ×𝒌
|𝒂
⃗ × 𝒊̂ |𝟐 + |𝒂
⃗ × 𝒋̂|𝟐 ̂ |𝟐 = 𝟐|𝒂
⃗ ×𝒌
+ |𝒂 ⃗ |𝟐
⃗ × 𝒋̂|𝟐 = 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒛𝟐
|𝒂 = 𝟐(𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝒛𝟐 ) = 𝟐|𝒂
⃗ |𝟐

11
 𝑥2 − 6𝑥 + 5
lim
𝟐 𝑥→3 𝑥 3 − 8𝑥 + 7 𝑥2 − 6𝑥 + 5 −4
𝒙 −𝟔𝒙+𝟓
16) Calculate: 𝐥𝐢𝐦 lim =
𝒙→𝟑 𝒙𝟑 −𝟖𝒙+𝟕 9 − 18 + 5 𝑥→3 𝑥 3 − 8𝑥 + 7 10
=
27 − 24 + 7

𝒙𝟑 −𝟏
𝑥 𝑛 − 𝑎𝑛 𝑥3 − 1 𝑥3 − 13
17) Calculate: : 𝐥𝐢𝐦 lim = 𝑛 𝑎𝑛−1 lim = lim =3
𝒙→𝟏 𝒙−𝟏 𝑥→𝑎 𝑥 − 𝑎 𝑥→1 𝑥−1 𝑥→1 𝑥−1

𝑛 𝑛
𝑥𝑛 − 3𝑛
18) Find the positive integer n so that 𝑥 −𝑎 lim = 27
𝒙𝒏 −𝟑𝒏 lim = 𝑛 𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥→3 𝑥−3
𝐥𝐢𝐦 = 𝟐𝟕 𝑥→𝑎 𝑥 − 𝑎
𝒙→𝟑 𝒙−𝟑 𝑛. 3𝑛−1 = 3 × 32 ⇒ 𝑛 = 3

𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼𝑥
lim
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼𝑥 𝑥→0 𝛼𝑥
𝛼𝑥
lim = ×
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜶𝒙 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽 𝑥→0 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛽𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛽𝑥 𝛽𝑥
19) Compute: 𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝐥𝐢𝐦 =𝟏 lim
𝒙→𝟎 𝜽 𝑥→0 𝛽𝑥
𝒙→𝟎 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜷𝒙
𝛼
=
𝛽

𝑡𝑎𝑛2𝑥
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽 𝑡𝑎𝑛2𝑥 (lim
𝑥→0 2𝑥
) 2𝑥
𝐥𝐢𝐦 =𝟏 lim = ×
𝒙→𝟎 𝜽 𝑥→0 𝑠𝑖𝑛5𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛5𝑥
20) Compute: 𝐥𝐢𝐦
𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟐𝒙 (lim ) 5𝑥
𝒙→𝟎 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟓𝒙 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝜽 𝑥→0 5𝑥
𝐥𝐢𝐦 =𝟏 𝟐
𝒙→𝟎 𝜽 =
𝟓

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 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑢
𝒅 𝟏 = ×
(√𝒙) = 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑥
𝒅𝒚 𝒅𝒙 𝟐√𝒙
21) Find if 𝒚 = √𝒙 + √𝒙 𝑑𝑦 1 1
𝒅𝒙
𝒖 = 𝒙 + √𝒙 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒚 = √𝒖 = × (1 + )
𝑑𝑥 2√𝒙 + √𝒙 2√𝑥

𝐝𝐱
𝒅𝒚 𝑑𝑥
22) Find
𝒅𝒙
if 𝐝𝐭
= 𝒂(𝟏 − 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒕) 𝑑𝑦 ( ⁄𝑑𝑡) 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡
= =
𝒙 = 𝒂(𝒕 − 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒕), 𝒚 = 𝒂(𝟏 − 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒕) 𝐝𝐲 𝑑𝑥 (𝑑𝑦⁄ ) 1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡
= 𝒂(𝟎 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒕) 𝑑𝑡
𝐝𝐭

𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟏 𝒅𝒚
𝒙+𝒚 =𝟎
𝒅𝒚 Differentiate with respect to x 𝒅𝒙
23) Find if 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟏 𝑑𝑦 𝑥
𝒅𝒙
𝒅𝒚 =−
𝟐𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 =𝟎 𝑑𝑥 𝑦
𝒅𝒙

Differentiating with respect to x

𝐱𝐲 = 𝐲 𝐱 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑥 𝑑𝑦
𝒅𝒚 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 = + 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑦
24) Find if 𝒙𝒚 = 𝒚𝒙 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝐱 𝐲 = 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝐲 𝐱 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑦 𝑑𝑥
𝒅𝒙
𝐲 𝐥𝐨𝐠𝐱 = 𝐱 𝐥𝐨𝐠𝐲 𝑑𝑦 𝑦(𝑥𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑦 − 𝑦)
=
𝑑𝑥 𝑥(𝑦𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 − 𝑥)

(To get Good marks, Practice all the problems in the Text Book)
Prepared by Mr.A.Irudayaraj, P.G.Asst., Don Bosco HSS, Vellore-6 (94436 87520)

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