Introduction to river

modelling
SOBEK2.15 Rural

Tiaravanni Hermawan
 Introduction SOBEK 1D SOBEK 2D SOBEK 1D-2D

Introduction

Data SOBEK2
SOBEK2 1D – 2D
preparation calibrated 1D SOBEK2
1D model model
(excel, GIS) model

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 Introduction SOBEK 1D SOBEK 2D SOBEK 1D-2D

Case study
Galacipa
river

Khals

Amkola
Sluice gate

Mushurikati
 Introduction SOBEK 1D SOBEK 2D SOBEK 1D-2D

Hydraulics Models

The most complex model

doesn’t mean the best model!

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 Introduction SOBEK 1D SOBEK 2D SOBEK 1D-2D

Hydraulics Models

Water flow

1D 2D 3D
x x,y x,y,z
Water Quality
Inundated land
Application River Morphology
Sea
(River or Sea)
Results Cross section Area Area with vertical layers
Simulation
Short Long Very long
time

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 Introduction SOBEK 1D SOBEK 2D SOBEK 1D-2D

1D-2D Flood modelling

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 Introduction SOBEK 1D SOBEK 2D SOBEK 1D-2D

SOBEK: a brief history

SOBEK River Estuary

SOBEK Rural/Urban/River
• Abbreviated as SOBEK RE
• Abbreviated as SOBEK RUR
• Probably another pun on
• Commonly referred to as SOBEK
Sobek-Re, Egyptian God and
2
“Lord of the Waters”
• 2D flooding, but no morphology
• Preissmann numeric
and salt intrusion
scheme
• 1D Morphology and salt
intrusion, no 2D flooding

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 Introduction SOBEK 1D SOBEK 2D SOBEK 1D-2D

SOBEK: Current development

90’s 00’s 10’s 2016 2017

(DUFLOW)

SOBEK RE
SOBEK RUR
(“SOBEK 2”)

SOBEK 3

D3D-FM

Start of NGHS
(Next Generation Hydro Software)

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 Introduction SOBEK 1D SOBEK 2D SOBEK 1D-2D

Hydraulics Models (1D, 2D, 3D, and others)

Water flow

1D 2D 3D
x x,y x,y,z
Water Quality
Inundated land
Application River Morphology
Sea
(River or Sea)
Results Cross section Area Area with vertical layers
Simulation
Short Long Very long
time

1D – 2D Flood Modelling
River & river structures in 1D
Land inundation in 2D
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 Introduction SOBEK 1D SOBEK 2D SOBEK 1D-2D

SOBEK2 1D Rural

1D model

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 Introduction SOBEK 1D SOBEK 2D SOBEK 1D-2D

Manning value

• V : velocity (m/s);
• P : Wetted perimeter
• S : slope of the hydraulic grade lien, or assumed as bed slop
• N : Gauckler–Manning coefficient, similar to Chezy
• (http://www.fsl.orst.edu/geowater/FX3/help/8_Hydraulic_Reference/Mannings_n_Tables.htm)

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 Introduction SOBEK 1D SOBEK 2D SOBEK 1D-2D

Discretization

Courant number < 1

dt = time step
dx = length interval

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 Introduction SOBEK 1D SOBEK 2D SOBEK 1D-2D

St. Venant Equations

One dimensional De Saint Venant equations
Change in system storage
Net in- or outflow
Lateral sources

Continuity

Momentum

Inertia Gravitation Wind friction

Advection Hydraulic Roughness

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 Introduction SOBEK 1D SOBEK 2D SOBEK 1D-2D

Staggered grid
Momentum : Water levels are calculated at grid points
Continuity : Discharges are calculated at grid sections

Computational point
‘h’ point

Reach segment
(‘u’ point)

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 Introduction SOBEK 1D SOBEK 2D SOBEK 1D-2D

SOBEK2 RUR 2D Overland

2D model 2D model

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 Introduction SOBEK 1D SOBEK 2D SOBEK 1D-2D

Staggered Grid 2D
“Staggered Grid” approach in 2D is the same with the approach used in 1D, but
with 2 directions: x and y

n+1

+ + + Dy
n
Vy
Vx
+ H
+ +
n-1

+ + +
n-2
boundary
m-2 m-1 Dx m m+1

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 Introduction SOBEK 1D SOBEK 2D SOBEK2
SOBEK 1D-2D

Coupling: SOBEK2 RUR 1D

Coupling

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 Introduction SOBEK 1D SOBEK 2D SOBEK 1D-2D

Link between 1D-2D

Setting
Assume Options in 2D
highest embankment Adjusted 2D gridlevel

1D profile Original 2D gridlevel

Width of 2D grid cell

Assume no embankments

1D profile Original 2D gridlevel

18

Width of 2D grid cell

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 Introduction SOBEK 1D SOBEK 2D SOBEK 1D-2D

1D-2D Calculation
Width of 1D channel must be smaller than 2D grid cell size

H - Water level
When overlap, H 1D channels = H 2D grid

Q - Conservation of mass
1D and 2D volumes are combined. H

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Data for the model
Hydrological time series data
October 2018
- Galacipa water level
- Discharge from Q=Cia
- Rainfall
- Evapotranspiration

Data from survey

- 1D river cross sections
- Structures and rules
(dams, culverts, sluice gates)
- 2D DEM (100 m x 100 m)

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Calibration
1D Model 1D-2D Model
Water level in measurement points Flood area
Adjust manning value

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 References

•[1] Delft3D-FlexibleMesh Course (2017). Presentation slides

• [2] SOBEK 1D/2D modelling suite for integral water solutions (2018). User Manual
(https://content.oss.deltares.nl/delft3d/manuals/SOBEK_User_Manual.pdf)

• [3] P. Kamrath, N.P. Huber, M. Kufeld, H. Schüttrumpf and J. Köngeter (2016). Interlinked
Modelling of Large Floods by combining one and two-dimensional diffusive wave-
approaches. Aachen University: Germany

• [4] Willems P. (2015). River Modelling Course Notes. KU Leuven

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