& amples Numbers

of exponents
O
1 =
Lam
+
x

x
=
-
.
F are
valid for
numbers'
2 -

1 positive
- -

o1 F as I 5
-

2 atleast one
if
Eu RS is
-

-
I of a

2
negative
=- F =
i
2 -

inte
I
=

-
-
+ i

j3 i i 1
i2 -1
=
=

ic
,
l =
=
,
i

it j8 1
it 1 i =

=
=
-

i5
,
-

=
i 3
,

i4n +
3
4n+ 2 --
j4n+1 =
i
3
i
--1 ,

Em 2
I rt
: =

-
⑪ Sam of 4 consecutive
powers of i

is zeto

i ( 1 ( i) + 1
i
+ -

i i2 i3
+ -

+
+ + =

-
0

tintint" " I
0
20
·

L
10
: e
L

# it =
- -

i 1
i
= -

i =
-
1 -
= I
↑

L
I
-
- --
-

&) Evaluate

① ;
135
⑦ Fa
43
G 35 + 2fq
③ ( -F) nEN 15 +
,

135 j132
+
3
= i3 -
j
①
=

j
=

⑳ its it it
I

in L
is
 i2 = -
I i
. i = -

I
i =

i)9n+
3
⑤ ( -

Ents
=

(-1)4nt3 :
i
:
(-1) .

(- i) =

③ 5 : + 3 .

(2i) +
(-3i)
5 : + 12i =

17i

9) Find the value of

i +ib+ fizn ,
new ?
It i
...

+1)
-.
.
+

2)
(((-1)
+

1
is
0
last term

definite
:

Not

(1) 1) -

0 + 1
S =

o +
-
1

value)
S =
1/-1 (Not definite
9 )
.

Show that the

polynomial
45 + 3
x4P +x49+1 + x4r+ 2
+ x

x2 1
divisible by
+
+
x +

C
x

N 2
where ,
9 ,
r
,
> ->

x2 1
splu
x
+
+

-
+
x

1) (x 1)
x2(x
+
+
+

1)(x2 1)
(x
+
+

i)(n i)
1) (n
-

(x
+
+

Gr+21x 45
+ 3

x4P x49+1 x

f(x)
+
+
=

1 i i+i3 -
8

f(i)
+ +
=

(- i)2 i3 = 0
i
-

1
+

i)
=
-

f(- 1 0
1
f( 1)
=

1
-

1
= +
-
-

?
3x-2i 0
=

9 ) Salve ice -

i
Divide by
0
xe Six 2
=

+
-

x = -42) .
! (
. -

2- ↓
 is -
is -
1 roofs of f(r)

focers of f(u)
:

(xi)(n +
i)(n +
1)
-
-

x3 +
w2+ nH)

n)
f(wi
 a =
+ 8

+8
a =

-=
- -

ti , i
-
-

-
-
- i -zi
,

4+ i
& : If 2 =

Ther , find
the value
of
23 -422 -92 + 91 ?

4 iπ
Sl 2 +
=

2 -

4
=
iπ

(2 -
4) =
(ix)
 2
16-82 T :
22 +
=

0
23
22 82
=
+
-

22 23
21by 82
-
+

Divide 23 - 422 -
92 +

Sa , 23 -422 -
92 + 21 =

-
(22 -
82 +
23) (2 +

4)

+ -1)

-=-
1

Lu+iy/
xeR and
y
=
RY
T =

se : Real part
part
y
:
Imaginary

2
(rcy) [2
=

x+iy]

los- x
y
Real anis

- Imaginary
Plane
Argand
&) Plot all the complex numbers on the

Argand plane ?
8 76 5: & 4 00
⑨
-
+

i
-

,
,

⑧ I + 8 hi
2) 4i
g(1
=

,
2
·

:
·
f(t(z) =
It

· &(01) =
i

e(0) 0) = 0
·

d(i4 ,
0= -

4 = (x 0) , = 7

·
00 ,
-5) = - 5i

Algebraic Operation of
Complex Numbers
ib
① Addition z, a
,
+
=

ac ib2
zz
+
=

ibi) (a iba)
(a ,
+
+
+
2 +
z
=

i(s , bz)
(a ar)
+
=
+ +
,

⑦ Subtraction :
21-22
 (a , +
ib) -

(a +
ib)

(a , -

a) +
i(b ,
-

b2)

⑤ Multiplication
2 (a + ibi)(az + ibz)
z ,
=

ib2) ib (a ibr)
(az
+

- a + + ,
,

ia bz ib , a + i bibz
, ac
+

=
a +

b) (a , b arbi) i
=(a b +
+

a
-

,
,

ib
# 2 = a +

0 is the Additive
Then 2 =

0 2

Identify
1 2
=
+

Inverse) Additive Identity

(Additive
=

2 +

0 -2 =- 2
Inverse
Additive
=

atib
fer z=

ib) ib
(a a
=

Additive Inverse
- -

= -
+

Also , 2 =
1 is the Multiplicative
1
Identify A 2 2
=

inverse) Mallipticative
(Multiplicative
=

2 x
Identity
 I
- Multiplicative Inverse =

I
(MIS
tib
for 2 = a

-
=

r1= 1
I
=

atis"
ib

=
a -

--

a
- ( 1)b2
-

-s
-5 "se

&) Express each

of
the fallowing in

a tib
the farm
% atzsini

Say
:xi
It
.

↳ - 5:

(ai nee
-
 hi(9 5i)
(i) + -

16 - 25i4

+ 16 : - 20 :
- 20-25:
-

16 - 25( -

1)

-
9:
⑰(1)
-

16 +
25

go -
-

⑦
- 2:x
-

!
=
+i)

it i
 -
- =

i
+
I

-
-
1 - i
5

2 Sindi
I I-coso -

③ ind-
+ I-coso-2 Sindi

(2Sind) :
- (I-cosa) -

Ed):) -
(2 Sind

=At(25)
: :
(25)
(1 c)
-
-

--
4252) 1) 1 +
2
2 + 452
x)
-
-
-

(1 -

(25) :
(1- 2)-(25)i (1-2) -

-
-
2) 352
352 (2
+
-

52 2 +

1 + x +
-

so s
·

value (1+i)+ (1-i)6 ?

D) Find the
of
S((1+ i) 23 +
(49-i)2)-
2i)3 (1+ :2
2i)3
=4 i +
-

+
+

1) 2i)3
2i)3 [1 (
-
-

(1
+

( 1)
+
- +
+
=

=(0 + 2i) + (0-2i)

=
(2i)3 + -
2i)

-
8i3 -
8i3 =
0-

9)
If (i) =

Then ,
find the least positive integral
value
of m ?

say
Itix =
=
- 2

i
Li
= =

- i
m
=
( I
least positive integral
 value 4
of m is .

2 =
A + iB
,
A :
Real part
B :
Imaginary Part
A ,
BE R

I real numbers)

If A =
0
,
2 is called
prely
imaginary
real
is called purely
If B =
0 2
,

Number
amples
mate
of

number
is complex
If xtiy
a
2 =

then ,
E =

x-iy is called the conjugate

number
of the complex 2

Geometrical Representation
z(n , y) :
x +
cy

10
10

I
(n) y) -

:
x -

ig
 -75 3

Ei
: =
-
5i

=
b + 5:

-F

=
x
↳
-
- =

- Zi
2i
-

5- xi
= 0

-ei = -
-
ei

Properties of Conjugate

① E) =
z

Fig x tig 2
E
=

n+iy
=

2 =

22 + z
=
2Re(z)

2 Rea
2x
/ - iyy
=

+ig
+ n =

-
Wo
-

Re(z) =

x =

-z
2

⑤ 2 - z =
2:1m(z)
-

Imaginary part of 2
setiy
-

(n-ig) =

cytiy -cytiy
=
ziy
=

2:(Imz)

=
e
Im(e) en

real =) Im2 0

⑬ is
purely
=

-
↳ =
0
zi

2 0
Es 2
=
-

⑳
e
↳

⑲ 2
is purely imaginary
↳Es Re 2 =
0

+
=1 =

= -
E
⑤ 22 =

(n+iy) (n - iy)
= n
-Liy)-
- -ity
I x2 -
( 1)
-

y
- x
+

y z
-
-
12R

wity"
Ee=
of 2)
121 (Modulus
of 2
from origin
Distance
utiy
·

(x y) z
= =

3
x

yel
-
sity2 vity-
y 121 =

(0)u)
1212
=

nify2
-
x
⑦ F22 =
Zi + Es

iB P+ig
A 22
=

2,
+
=

-
-

2 A +i + Ptig
22
+ -
,

-
(i(B 3) + +

-
AtP -
i (B + $)

= A +P -iB -
id

= A -
iB+ P- id

=
AFR + rig

-
-
2 +
z

2 = 2, -
E
21
-

⑧ ,

&) If Intiy) =

prig .
Then
prove
that
cyticl= gtip ?
s
Trig-ig ta

(nFiy) Itiy) (atig) p-iq

=

Latig) Itig)
(x -cy)5 =

p
-

iq
is(p-ig) & X
15 (uriy)5
=

(i(n-iy)5 =

pi5-iq
(in-iry)5 pi-ig =

(ix-(-xy)5 pi-(-1) 9 =

pi+ 9
(ix+y)5
=

pi
Cytias g
=
+

real
1) Proce
that this is
purely

( )* ( = +
+

- ) ?

Sal
It i
= 2

~ 2
+ (z)5 =
25 +

(Ene
 - 25 +

( e2) . .

-
5 times

= 25 +

(25) 25 - 2
,

z, =
2 Rele , )
= 2 +
,

-
real
purely

#(E =

Ens
Complex Numbers
Equality of
A iB
P+ ic
+

= zz =

2
,

2 = 22
,

A iB
P i0
+

+
=

0 i 0

(PA-B)
0
.
= +

-
- P -
A =
0 and D -
B = 0

R& B
P A
=

=
 P + i =
A + i

& B
- P = A ,
=

Two complex
numbers equal
I their real &
imaginary parts
are
equal-
and
& )
.
Find real values of se
y
numbers
for which the complex
and senty+4
are
:
-
3+ isly
of
each oden ?
conjugate
I, 22 (ceryugate of
Sal other)
=

W
each

Some I 2
-

-2 , = I

3+ iny = ty
+ hi

n ↳i
+ i(ny) y
-
+

3
=

- W
Real
parts (-3 =

vity -
&(
Imaginary (wy =
-

3 -

2)
ports
v
I
-
=

3
z y
-
= +
-

3y
=
-
4 +
y
4 0
3y
=

y
-
+

4 0
y2 4y -y
-
=
+

y(y +
4) -

(y +
4) = 0

(y 1)(y 4)
-
+ =
0

10R 3
y
-
=

y
=

4 x n = =
1
y
-

,
=

-
n =

y
m =
(

1n 450
1
= -

y
-
=
=

Nos possible
·
 4
#y
-

GR
0 ) Given that my

?
salve
: :*

(8i
e

Sn
resi
-
+
bi !-:
bi
i)
i
=

(i) +

9 +
4

-zui+(i)
=
46 :
c
-
-
65

mui+
/
15y-loyi=oi 65

43 46 :
:
-10y)
-

15y) (
=

26x
(13x
-
+
+

43
- 4
13x 15y
=

46
26x
10y
-

=
-

13x 5y
23
G
=

+
- 2

0 R and
Salve for c
y
 43 23
15y 5y
= -
-

20
10 y
=

1
2530
2 a
=
=

y
=

>

1 =

2
x
y
=

9) If lutig) utiv
=

Then show that

,

4(n2 yz) 2
+ y
-

utiv
Lutig) (ntiy)2
=

I
Sal
W

iv
2xyi)
= = a +

Cntig) (a -y
+

-ysi-Lay=
utiv
:
x
3
-

my
+ 2x'y
:
taly -

u+ in
3
says + 3x2y : -yi
=

x -

utin
(a -

Big-y3)i=
-
sazy-y3
=
v

- 3xy2
U
se3
=

3y2) uy(3x2 yz)

= v
-

x(x2 -
=
 3y2 yz
Y
2
I =
x =

3x -

4x
4y2 4(n2 yz)
a y
-
= -

-
Number
Root
of Complex
Square
at ib
(given)
Assume
Vatib =

x+iy
a + ib =

(x+iy)2
a +
ib = x2 -

y2 +
zxyc

I
x
-

y2 =
a solve for
b
x
ly
2xy
=

the
I) Find the
square
roof
of
following
& 5 +
12 : 8-15-8 :
① 7-24 :

⑪ 24i x+iy
Sal
=

1 -
24i =

(x2 y2) -
+

2xyi
 =
7 24
2xy
=

y
-

x
=
-

-12
xey
=

y t
-
=

ai -

(2) =
7

I
22 -
=
7

4 -
144 = Tx2
x

0
4 -
Tx2 - 144 =

R
↳ 12 12
,

2 2 3
22 ,
3 ,
, ,

0
922 144
=

xe" 16x2
-
+
-

q(x2 16)
0

x2(a 16)
- =

+
-

9)(x2 16) =
0

(a
-

2
x = 16
x2 + 9 =
0 X
x =

14
x2 =
-

x =
=

3iX

4
z 3
-

y
=

x =
= -

,
 4 =

y 3
-
a =

,
=

3)
(4 , -3)2(
- 4,

and -4 + 3 :
4- 3:

14 I 3:
-

-3-2i
+ 2i
⑪ 3 ,

I(3 + (i)

13 + 2i
=
=(3 +
2i)-

:
③ - 15-8

F4
1
y
=

x
=
1 ,

1 4
11 4
-

- ,

11 I 4i

= (1 -
4i)-

9)
.
Find all
possible
values
of
+ Fi
Sal i =

utig
,
0 + 1 .
i = a
-yr
+

zmy
1
zay
=

y
0
x
- =

y i
=

x
=

y2
a
=

(ii)
Get= 1

a nat
I

1
-(a)
=

- 2u2 =

I 1

X 2x2
=

1
01 Zu = -
1

x
2 = I
2

I 11
=

y
+
x =

a =
,
E

y
i i)
--

( )i
=

(F i)
+

2 =
=

i =
+ (1+ i) y =
( i)
Fi 1
-

1
y
I
=

Fi
Possible values of +
 i) y /)
↓(1+ i) + (1
(1 -
+
-
+
-

y f)
(1
1
- i)
-
+

+i)
+

-
=
-

(1 -
i) -
(X+i /(+ i)
(1+i)
-

i) + ( f i x i) +

(
-

I(1+i)
- =

-
-

- +
E
(4) ,
(2
,
i
-, -, i
,
-

=I , Xi

22 -(3-2i)2
=
(5i -5)
0 )
.
Solve
(5 -
5i) = 0

2 -(3-2i)2
+

(a
=
:

4(5 5i)
=
(3 2i)
(3- 2i)
- -

-
2-1

- -
15 + 8 :

(i)

Wit(1
+
 this i hi

Eit
#zi
-
-

2
2

-
1- 3:
2 + i n

Number
Modulus of Complex
2
2 (x iy)

b
+

ie (x ,
y)
ro y
I
over
x

121 r
=

distance between origin

(2) -

number
& complex
2 =

x+iy Int
121 =
ity =

(0) Argument of Complex

Nam bes
tyz
y
2 =
x +

iy 10
x
 I
coo : Since =

,
an+y2
ye
both the equation
.

If O satisfies
Ther ,
it's called argument of
number
complex

Argument (-2 a)
Principal
,

e
u

e 22

-
& ⑧
(incide) 2
I I

2x

32

& BI 0 = to , x)
91
Oc To -a)
1 &I ,

&#
0]Uto , a)
( x

quadrant
0
-

= ,

All
0 = ( - a
, x]
 - <01 2

Rule to find principal argument

2
=

x+ig 00 =

fant/
0 = (0 ,
42)
(2)
Principal Argument

91
①I x =
x - 0

(uxy) -

a -
O o =

Tal
W
R
I& -
2
O
O
I
I-0ab a =
-
0

- (a-

x
(a a) 0 -

x
-

9I
=
-
=

0
①
2
& I 2
xtiy
=
=

a 0
&I c
-

② Taur/
=

0 =

-(a a)
↳
-

⑧ 94c
=

Acute
④ & I 2 0
-
=
&. Find the principal argument of
numbers
complex
1 +
i -1tis-1- i
,
1- i
,

Taur(1)
say & =

Tour/1
:

=
(1 , 1)
0 I (1 +i)
2 =
0 =
2
4

(-1+i) (-1 1) ,

& #

- 2
=

a
0
-

a
=

2
=

i) ( x 1)
(
-

1
-

&I
- -

(a 0)
-
=
-

2 =
-

(1 1)
(1- i)
-

,
& #
-o
-2
=

2 -

(Cartesian form)
2 =

x+iy
Palac form (2 :
(na1)
F
 complex number
(40) +>
unique
utiy

See
2 =

Sind= y
(osO =
f L

rSind
roso y
=

x =

2 = x +

cy
-
rcaso+i (usinal
Sina)
=
- (losd +(

i sind= ein)
Euler's Farm (Caso +

i
=

ic
2 =
r 2

-
poloc form
i(angz)
2 = 121 e

~ r =
121 (modulus of 2)
-
O = ang(z) (argument of 2)
 ic
2 =
re

2
,
(r ,, 0, ) 2 (402)
iO2
z
,
=
reid 22
=

re

iO id
r, e + re
I 2
,
+
22 =
-

02 ,
O
-
zz =
i(0 , 02)
-

reic
+

~2122 = rieic ,
~
=

0r
r
,
2

-Fein
iR , i(0 , - dz)

O
r, 2
~
22

Cartesian
Polar ->

(r , a) x
-
r(oso
=

u
Sinc
y
e
2
Rtiy
=

# 2
=

xtiy

2 =
reid (v)
number
nett powers of complex
for
2 =
1+ i
,
2 (X Canterior)
fre
 ind

(reid)"
n R

r 2
=

2 =

=2 .
e"(na)
~ +iSin(ra))
(Co(na)
- r
2 =
r .

1 +

i(r a) ,

E
=
2

L
220 (1) r x p =
v
Find
=

for (1)
0
Tant/1)
=

2 = =

-
2 =
reio =
ie" *
2 = (re")
z (ie ")
=

T
2
= (i) o el .

i5x
I 2 . e

iSia 5a)
210 ( (05a
+

isinx)
=
2 (Cosa +
 =

2"( -
1 + i -

0)

= 2) - 1 + 0)

20 I - 1023 (r a) ,
W = 2
(u ,
y)
1024 + 0 .
w = -

0
- 1024
=

x =

, y

r =
1024 0 =

(-1024 0)
Negative - ,

real
a

Reatanis
is
&
an

Imaging an is'

R
O -

r = 1024

0 =
x/2
I

R = x R

I 0 = -

2/2
=
0
9) If 2 =
1 + Bi

Represent this in
polon form
1 =
Say : x
=

, y
5 2
- 3
= =

yz
-
1
+
x
r
=

0 =

Tant/1=
"*
s
ic= 2e
-
z =
re

=2((a
+
isn
=

2)
+

i)
- 1 + Bi

a + bi
2 =

)
c = at
(*
It i and
D) Multiply
=

22 =
5 + i

Eulen form ?
using ⑮ i Bit i
(1+ i) 5 i)
+
+

Soly
=

:
+

-(15 -
1) +
(5+ 1) :
 2
=

r( )
"Y
= e

2 =

2(z
+

I)
=
2 el4

(e )(2e"
* *
2
,
22
= )
-
e

"( +

=)
cr
I
e

cre"( -~
iSin())
=(i(cos()
+

e
e

Properties
-

15) 1-2) 1 2 1 (ic 1 lie)

1
=

121
=
-
=

& & Fales=

Rele)
2
=
& 121 = 0
iff 2 = 0

121 >0 ift

=
F 0

6 - 121 = Re(2) 1 121

-
(211 Im(2) 1 121

-
:

city

zy
-

12.1 led
S 12 , 221
·

2n)= 1211 122)---(zal

12
-

---
, 22

distributed over

Modulas is

multiplication

(E)
R2t0
⑪

Es
I
.

⑦ (2 +
2212 =
(2 , + 22) Fer)
(2
-

(2 22)(E 2)
My
+
+

, ,
=

zz
 - 2, 2 , 2
,
2 +
2
25 +
z z
e
-

I 12112 + 122 +
2 + 2, Es
2,

-
12212 I z 2
Re(2
-

12 , 1 + + 2 22 2 ,
=

= ,
> -
-

Ret
⑧ 12 72212
,
+
121-221
e
(212)
2((2 1
+
= ,

A2)* Antalmay
~
C
9

⑩
-14 2 -
12 , -201
Elise )
+2 +--tEn)
⑪ 12 +22+---tan)= 12
,
,

:
It 1 --- In

2
=
2 , +22+-
·

+In

121 =
1212

9) Find minimum value

of
12 - 2
, 1 +
12 -

z)
 2) 12
-

22) 12 x1 (2 z)
12
+ -
- + = -

12) =
1 -
2)

(2 -2
, 1 + 12 = -
21 ,
114 2) -
+ (22 x))
-

=12 -211

12-2 1 12-221 is 121-221

Mia
of , +

12 ,
+
21 = 12, 1 + 1221

Properties of Argument
id2
2, =
r, eit 22 =
re

+a)
2
, 2 = t, r eila ,

0 &2
arg(2 22)
+

,
=
,

-arge ,
+ ong is
(2 1 22) =

ang
(2) +
ang (21)
org
ang(e) ang (21)
ang())
=
- .

Not
① ang(2)
= -

ag(z) 2 is

an-we real anis

 M -
-

2
mirror

ang(z) = -
0 =
-

ang(2)

+ 2kx
2 ang(2 , 22) =

ag(21) +
arg(22)
k =
0
> I l

③ ang(2 , 22---2a) =

ang(z) tag(22)
+--- farg(en)
+ 2kx kc 1

⑲ ang() =

mg(2 . )
-ong(2) +2

k =
03 /

⑤ ang(z) =

nag(z)+2k
:
KE

(2 real)
⑤ ang (2) =
0 /2 is purely

& ang(e) =

IE
(2 is
purely imaginary)

(NegahaniMany
I (Peace
=0

IIIIIII :

E
arg(2) =
2
 real
Purely
real anisl
2 y =

0 am

(i , < bi---)

I
positive
= -
ag(z) 2/2
=
-

IA

angles --
- (-5i ,

Ii)
-mi

Legalize
e -

Purely imaginary
amis)
(m =
0 an imaginary