In the experiment, the students were divided into an experimental group and a

control group. The experimental group students were given the system
developed in this study to assist their learning, and the control group students
the lecturer-centered narrative curriculum. The study results show that the
experimental group was superior to the control group in learning effectiveness.
In the aspect of cognitive load, the cognitive load generated by the
experimental group in their learning activities was also lower than that of the
control group. By classifying students according to their learning styles, the
visual type students had better learning effectiveness than the verbal type
students when learning through the system developed by this graduate institute.
As for the sequential type and global type students learning with the system
developed, there were no significant differences in their learning effectiveness.

Experimental and control groups are essential components of experimental research

designed to investigate the effects of a particular variable or intervention. The primary
distinction between these groups lies in the manipulation of the independent variable.
In an experiment, the experimental group is exposed to the intervention or treatment,
while the control group is not. The purpose of the control group is to provide a
baseline against which researchers can compare the outcomes observed in the
experimental group. By keeping all other variables constant and not exposing the
control group to the intervention, researchers can isolate the effects of the independent
variable and determine whether any observed changes are due to the treatment or
other factors.

Furthermore, the random assignment of participants to either the experimental or

control group is a crucial aspect of experimental design. Randomization helps ensure
that any individual differences among participants are equally distributed between the
groups, reducing the likelihood of confounding variables that could impact the study's
internal validity. This rigorous design allows researchers to make more confident
conclusions about the causal relationship between the independent variable and the
observed outcomes, enhancing the reliability of the study results. Overall, the careful
management of experimental and control groups is fundamental to the scientific
method and contributes to the robustness and validity of experimental research.

Abdullah Alamer & Ahmed Al Khateeb (2023) Effects of using the WhatsApp
application on language learners motivation: a controlled investigation using
structural equation modelling, Computer Assisted Language Learning, 36:1-
2, 149-175, DOI: 10.1080/09588221.2021.1903042
In conclusion, collaborative learning strategies have a substantial and positive impact
on problem-solving abilities among mathematics students. Through engaging in
collaborative activities, students benefit from diverse perspectives, shared knowledge,
and enhanced communication skills. The collaborative learning environment fosters
teamwork, encourages active participation, and promotes a deeper understanding of
mathematical concepts. By working together, students can tackle complex problems,
exchange ideas, and collectively develop solutions. This not only enriches their
problem-solving skills but also cultivates critical thinking and creativity. Furthermore,
collaborative learning encourages peer teaching and learning, creating an environment
where students feel comfortable seeking help and clarification from their peers. The
collaborative approach aligns with the social constructivist theory, emphasizing the
importance of social interaction in the learning process. As students collaborate, they
not only learn from their own thought processes but also from the strategies and
approaches of their peers. This diversity in problem-solving approaches contributes to
a more holistic understanding of mathematical concepts. However, successful
implementation of collaborative learning strategies requires effective facilitation,
clear goals, and a supportive learning environment. Instructors play a crucial role in
guiding the collaborative process, ensuring that all students actively participate and
contribute to the group's success. In conclusion, collaborative learning strategies
prove to be a valuable tool for enhancing problem-solving skills among mathematics
students, fostering a dynamic and interactive learning experience that goes beyond
individual capabilities.