v v v FEMALE GENITAL TRACT Female Genital Tract Squamocolumnar junction is usually located 8-13mm from the cervical lip. Yolk sac (endodermal sinus) tumor is positive for: AFP, a-1 antitrypsin. Embryonal carcinoma is positive for: HCG, AFP. Choriocarcinoma is positive for: HCG. ‘Shiller-Duval' bodies (glomeruloid structures) are seen in: Yolk sac (endodermal sinus) tumor. Common sites for extragonadal germ cell tumors: Mediastinum (me site,) retroperitoneum (2nd me), sacrococcygeal region, pineal gland. The cytogenicity of solid tumors is not easily assessed especially in carcinoma cervix due to contamination with infectious agents Sarcoma botryoides is seen in: Infant and children younger than 5 years. Sarcoma botryoides is a type of Rhabdomyosarcoma. Histologic changes most characteristic of atypical hyperplasia in a post menopausal patient is the crowding of endometrial glands with budding and epithelial atypia. Tennis racket cells are seen in: Sarcoma botryoides. Vaginal adenocarcinoma occurs in children whose mother had been treated with: Diethylstilbestrol (DES) during With regard to the malignant behavior of leiomyosarcoma, the most important criterion is the number of mitoses per high power field Risk factors for endometrial carcinoma: Obesity, DM, hypertension, infertility, excess estrogen, tamoxifen Stromal tumor of the ovary is likely to produce masculinizing features and symptoms Carcinosarcoma is seen in: Uterus Swiss cheese pattern endometrium is seen in Metropathic hemorrhagica Adenocarcinoma along with sarcoma in uterus is: Carcinosarcoma, alsoFEMALE GENITAL TRACT called malignant mixed mullerian tumor. Most common ovarian tumor: Surface epithelial tumors, especially serous tumors (serous cystadenoma/ cystadenocardnoma). Mucinous cystadenoma arises from: Surface coelomic epithelium. > Reinke's crystals are found in Hilus cell tumor > Call-Exner bodies are seen in: Granulosa-theca cell tumor. > The incidence of bilaterality in a dermoid cyst is approximately 10%. > LH is increased in PCOS. > Psammoma bodies are seen in: Serous cystadenoma > Rokitansky's protuberance is seen in: Mature (benign) teratoma/dermoid cyst. v Pseudomyxoma peritonel is seen in: Mucinous cystadenoma v Largest ovarian tumor: Mucinous cystadenoma v Uterine leiomyoma is least likely to undergo malignant change. v Ovarian counterpart of testicular seminoma: Dysgerminoma. Most radiosensitive ovarian tumor: Dysgerminoma. vv In Endometrial Carcinoma, there is risk of Granulosa theca cell tumor. v Usual size of chocolate cyst of ovary: 3-5 cm. ¥ Marker for surface epithelial ovarian tumor: CA-125. v Largest ovarian tumor: Mucinous cystadenoma (also causes Pseudomyxoma peritonei) > Markers for granulosa cell tumor: Inhibin, vimentin, CD 99. > Signet ring cells are seen in: Metastatic Krukenberg’s tumor. > Krukenberg's tumor of ovary is produced by: Carcinoma of breast and GIT, e.g., stomach, pancreas, colon, gallbladder > Most common primary tumor producing Krukenberg’s tumor of ovary: Carcinoma of stomach.v vv v v v v FEMALE GENITAL TRACT Mucinous cystadenoma of the ovary arises from surface coelomic epithelium Non-proliferative breast lesions (no risk of malignancy): Duct ectasia, cysts, apocrine metaplasia, adenosis, fibroadenoma without atypia, mild hyperplasia Lesions affecting the terminal duct lobulate unit (TDLU) in breast are Nipple adenoma, Blunt duct adenosis, Fibroadenoma. BRCA 1 gene is located on Chromosome 17 Increased susceptibility to breast cancer is likely to be associated with p53 Breast CA with best prognosis is mucinous Proliferative lesions without atypia (slight risk of malignancy): Moderate to. florid hyperplasia, sclerosing adenosis, papilloma, fibroadenoma with complex features. Proliferative lesion with atypia (moderate risk of malignancy): Atypical epithelial hyperplasia Complete mole can be differentiated from partial mole by P57. Important risk factors for breast cancer: old age, female sex, early menarche, late menopause, nulliparity, obesity, high fat diet, high socioeconomic status, HRT. Adenocarcinoma of the uterus along with rhabdomyosarcoma of the uterus is seen mixed mullerian tumor Most common gene involved in breast cancer (overall): p53. Most common gene involved in familial breast cancer: BRCA-1 Choriocarcinoma is characterized by Primarily trophoblastic tumor, it can occur following hydatidiform mole, it can metastasize to lungs The type of mammary ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) most likely to result in a palpable abnormality in the breast is Comedo DCIS. ER positive status in Ca breast indicates prognosis Women carrying BRCA 1 gene are most likely to develop which medullary carcinomaFEMALE GENITAL TRACT v Molecular classification of breast cancer is based on gene profiling. OCIS which can present as palpable mass: Comedocarcinoma. > Not an invasive carcinoma: Comedocarcinoma (it is a CIN) Most common breast cancer: Invasive ductal carcinoma. Vv Bilateral breast cancer: Lobular carcinoma. Vv > Histologic hallmark of lobular carcinoma: Pattern of single infiltrating tumor cells often only one cell in width or in loose clusters or sheets. Vv Breast carcinoma with BRCA-1 mutation: Medullary and mucinous carcinomas. > Paget cells are: large cells with clear cytoplasm and prominent nucleus. > Tennis racket cells is seen in sarcoma botryoid > Smoking is not a risk factor of endometrial carcinoma > Ablue-domed cyst pathologic findings is a type of non-proliferative fibrocystic change of breast