Prelim

Lesson 1 : Integrative arts

Art
➢ The word art is quite difficult to define
➢ The word originated from the Latin word ars which means skill and with the Greek word
techne which means technology
➢ A common definition of art is that it is used to express ideas or feelings through creative
processes and imagination.

3 FORMS OF ART

Visual Art
➢ Visual arts is an expression of artistic ideas through images, structures, and tactile work.
Painting, sculpture, and architecture are considered as examples of it. Some visual
artworks are integrated - which means it combines several medium to create a new and
unique artwork.

Literacy Art
➢ Literary/Literacy arts is an expression of ideas through writing.
➢ There are many types of literary artworks, and this can be categorized into:

Poetry - considered as one of the oldest forms of literature characterized by its

imaginative and figurative language

Prose - novels, short stories, fairy tales

Drama - When a text is written to be performed and not just read, then it is considered
as drama. Usually, people refer to dramas as plays.

Performing Arts
➢ Performing arts is an expression of an artistic idea through written lyrics, text,
dramatization, and multimedia production. Performing arts usually require the musical
theatre, dance, and drama, a combination of different art forms, such as literary art for
the material and visual.

Lesson 2 : The Elements and Principles of Art

The Elements and Principles of Art

Line
➢ A mark with length and direction
Form - curved, dotted, or broken
Direction - vertical, horizontal, or diagonal
 ➢ A continues mark made on surface by moving point

Color
➢ Consist of HUE another term for color , Intensity (brightness), and Value (Lightness or
Darkness)
Value
➢ The lightness or darkness of a color
➢ In music, this may refer to the pitch. It is the highness or the lowness of the sound

Shape
➢ An enclosed area defined and determined by other art elements

Form
➢ Something in a 2 dimensional artwork that appears to be a 3 dimensional
➢ Example: a triangle, which is 2 dimensional is a shape, but pyramid, which is 3
dimensional is a form

Space
➢ The distance or area between, around, above, below, or within things.

Texture
➢ The surface quality or "feel" of an object, its smoothness, roughness, softness, etc.
Texture maybe actual or implied.

THE PRINCIPLES OF ARTS

Balance
➢ The way the elements are arranged to create feeling of stability in a work.
Symmetrical Balance: The parts of an image are organized so that one side mirrors the
other side.
Asymmetrical Balance: When one side of a composition does not reflect the design of
the other

Emphasis
➢ The focal point of an image, or when one area or thing stand out the most

Rhythm
➢ A regular repetition of elements to produce the look and feel of movement.

Pattern and repetition

➢ Pattern is the repeating of an object or symbol all over the work of art. Repetition works
with pattern to make the work of art seem active
Contrast
➢ A large difference two things to create interest and tension.
Unity
➢ When all the elements and principles work together to create a pleasing image

Variety
➢ Variety is the use of differences and change to increase the visual interest of the work

Proportion
➢ The comparative relationship of one part to another with respect to size, quantity, or
degree.

Lesson 3 : The Art forms in the Philippines

PRE-COLONIAL ART

History
➢ The oldest human fossil found in the Philippines is the skull cap of a "Stone-Age
Filipino", about 22,000 years old
➢ Discovered by Dr. Robert B. Fox, American anthropologist of the National Museum,
inside Tabon Cave Palawan, on May 28, 1962

The Negritos/ Mazo

➢ They came during the Old Stone Age (Paleolithic) walking dry-shod through Malay
Peninsula, Borneo, and the land bridges and were the first inhabitants

The Indonesians
➢ They were the maritime Indonesians, who belonged to the Mongoloid race with
Caucasian affinities
➢ They belonged to the New Stone Age (Neolithic)

The Malays
➢ They belong to the Iron Age culture
Prominent contribution:
1.Ati-atihan festivals
2.Maragtas chronicle
3.The Code of Kalantiaw

Music
➢ The ancient Filipino had music practically for all occasions, for every phase on life, from
birth to death.
IN TERMS OF MUSIC

Bamboo Zither
➢ ethnic dances and songs are usually one of the main purpose of Bamboo Zither.
Gangsa
➢ flat gongs made of copper and iron alloy are percussion instruments valued by Cordillera
group such as the “GADDANG”.
Kulintang
➢ the main melodic instrument.

Architecture
➢ The ancient Filifinos had first dwelt in caves and has learned the art of architecture as
they move and hint for food.

IN TERMS OF ARCHITECTURE
Lean To
➢ portable lean-to which was both roof and wall, suited the lifestyle of the nomadic negrito.
➢ Tausog House
➢ house built on flat and dry land.
Torogan
➢ ancestral house home of the maranao.

Sculpture
➢ The ancient Filifinos had attained a high artistics level through pottery, jewelry, and wood
carving

IN TERMS OF SCULPTURE

Pottery
➢ The tradition of pottery dates back to pre historic times as proven by the Manunggol Jar
which is at least 3500 years old,
Jewelry
➢ necklace, bracelet and earrings mostly used for decoration.
Wood Carvings
➢ Native Filipinos carved boats, plows, arrows, spears, and other essential items, often
creating ornamental patterns for the use of the tribal hierarchy and to celebrate special
occasions

Painting
➢ He ancient Filifinos had expressed paintings through tattoos and cave carvings.
IN TERMS OF PAINTING
Tattoos
➢ The pintados (painted ones), inhabitants of the Visayan islands as described by the first
Spaniards to set eyes upon them, would use sharp metal instruments previously heated
over fire
Silup
➢ The tattooing imitated the upper garment worn by the men of north Kalinga.
Petroglyphs:
➢ The Angono Petroglyphs is the oldest known work of art in the Philippines
1. There are 127 human and animal figures engraved on the rock wall dating back to 3000
B.C.
2. There are 127 human and animal figures engraved on the rock wall dating back to 3000
B.C

SPANISH COLONIAL ART

Background
➢ When the Spaniards occupied and established the city of Cebu and later occupied the
fort of Soliman in Manila, the wooden palisades and pre- colonial constructions were
replaced and shaped into Spanish cities and fortifications
➢ The Spaniards looked for more fireproof materials to replace wood and discovered
“adobe” or volcanic stuff

The arrival
➢ During the 16th century, upon the arrival of the Spaniards, indigenous art changed.
Spanish colonization brought Catholicism and imposed their Western culture
➢ This conversion caused the birth of the religious or Christian and folk arts

THE CONTRIBUTIONS
● Pueblos
● Plaza Complex
● CAthedral Church
● Hispanic Baroque
● Government Offices

The rise of Catholicism

➢ With the rise of Catholicism, religious icons like the santos, retablos​, and others became
essential for religious rituals
➢ Paintings also focused on visually representing the writings of the Bible, and therefore
conveyed religious messages
➢ Music, an essential part of worship, thus focused on liturgical music
 ➢ Apart from worship music, the pasyon or pabasa​, a narration of Christ’s passion
portrayed during Lent season, were also observed in some places.
➢ Spanish colonization also marks the rise of the kundiman and the balitao.

AMERICAN AND JAPANESE COLONIAL ART

Background
➢ Americans introduced the public education system in the Philippines
➢ however, required students to learn English. This brought forth Philippine Literature in
English.
Soon in 1925
➢ Paz Marquez Benitez published the short story Dead Stars​, ​marking the birth of modern
Philippine Literature in English.

Arts of the Century

➢ as evidenced by popular art forms of the century such as the vaudeville or bodabil in
theatre
➢ School of Fine Arts, alongside the establishment of the University of the Philippines
(UP), was also founded thus giving birth to Filipino artists educated in the Western ways
Eg: Fernardo Amorsolo, known for his
craftsmanship in the use of light, was educated in UP’s School of Fine Arts and is highly
influenced by Western artists.

“Manila” by Hotdog (badabil)

➢ Hinahanap-hanap kita Manila Ang ingay mong kay sarap sa tenga Mga jeepney mong
nagliliparan Mga babae mong naggagandahan Take me back in your arms Manila And
promise me you'll never let go Promise me you'll never let go.

The Nationalism
➢ When the Japanese briefly occupied the Philippines during the 1940s, nationalism
became more pronounced. This is the effect of the war and repression on the Filipino
people

CONTEMPORARY ARTS IN THE PHILIPPINES

Background
➢ When the late former president Ferdinand Marcos started his administration, the birth of
Contemporary Arts in the Philippines began.
➢ Culture and the arts were given focused in his vision of the “New Society.”
The CCP
➢ Cultural Center of the Philippines was then established and urban planning and
architecture were given more focused.
➢ Use to promote and preserve Filipino arts and culture.

The Martial LAw

➢ he declaration of Martial Law (1972 - 1981) gave birth to dictatorship and numerous
human rights violations.
➢ pen names were popular as censorship was popular during that time.
➢ Literary arts, visual arts, and performing arts were used to express dissent
Eg:
Andres Bonifacio- Agapito Bagumbayan
Jose Corazon de Jesus- Huseng Batute

When Martial Law was lifted

➢ democracy was reintroduced to the Filipino people.
➢ This new found freedom paved the way for a more diverse and more expressive Filipino
artists.
➢ art is a tool mainly used for self-expression