‫ﻣﺘﺮﺟﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ‪www.onlinedoctranslator.

com -‬‬

‫ﻣﺎﻫﻮ ﻛﻮﻓﻴﺪ‪19-‬‬
‫• ﻛﻮﻓﻴﺪ‪19-‬ﻫﻮ ﻣﺮﺽ ﻣﻌﺪ ﻳﺴﺒﺒﻪ ﺃﺣﺪﺙ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺮﻭﺳﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻛﺘﺸﻒﻓﻴﺮﻭﺱ ﻛﻮﺭﻭﻧﺎ‪1‬‬

‫• ﻭﻟﻢﻳﻜﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺮﻭﺱ ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻓﻴﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺗﻔﺸﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺽ‬
‫ﺑﺪﺃﻓﻲ ﻭﻭﻫﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺩﻳﺴﻤﺒﺮ ‪2019‬‬

‫ﺃﺻﺒﺢﻓﻴﺮﻭﺱ ﻛﻮﺭﻭﻧﺎ )‪ (COVID-19‬ﺍﻵﻥ ﻭﺑﺎء ًﻳﺆﺛﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﺍﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ‬ ‫•‬

‫‪https://www.who.int/emergegency/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/question-and-answers-hub/qa-detail/qa-coronaviruses1‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬
‫ﻻﺗﻜﻦ ﻣﺸﺎﻏﺒﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻻﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‪.‬‬
 ‫ﺃﺻﻞﺍﻟﻔﻴﺮﻭﺱ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺪﺭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺭﺟﺢ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺮﻭﺱ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻀﻴﻒ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻧﻲ ﻭﺳﻴﻂ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮ]‪2‬‬

‫[‬

‫ﻇﻬﺮﺕﺍﻷﻋﺮﺍﺽ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺑﺸﺮﻳﺔ ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻓﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪/‬ﺩﻳﺴﻤﺒﺮ‬

‫ﻭﻟﻢﻳﺘﻢ ﺭﺑﻄﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺘﺒﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻭﻭﻫﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻦ‪ .‬ﺭﺑﻤﺎ ﺣﺪﺛﺖ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻻﺕ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒﻧﻮﻓﻤﺒﺮ ﺃﻭ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺉﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺄﺧﻮﺫﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻕ ﺇﻳﺠﺎﺑﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻔﻴﺮﻭﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺮﻛﺰﺕ ﻓﻲ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﺑﻬﺎ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺰﺭﻭﻋﺔ‬

‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻕ ﻫﻮ ﺃﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺮﻭﺱ ﺃﻭ ﻟﻌﺐ ﺩﻭﺭﺍً ﻛﺈﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﻀﺨﻢ‬

‫ﻟﻼﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭﺍﻷﻭﻟﻲ‬

‫‪https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736)20(30251-82‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬
‫ﻻﺗﻜﻦ ﻣﺸﺎﻏﺒﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺃﺻﻞﺍﻟﻔﻴﺮﻭﺱ‪1/1 :‬‬ ‫ﻻﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‪.‬‬
 ‫ﺃﻋﺮﺍﺽ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬
‫ﻻﺗﻜﻦ ﻣﺸﺎﻏﺒﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻋﺮﺍﺽ‪1/1:‬‬ ‫ﻻﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‪.‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ‬
‫ﻳﻨﺘﺸﺮﻣﺮﺽ ﻛﻮﻓﻴﺪ‪ 19-‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻵﺧﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺫﺍﺫ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﻴﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱﻳﺨﺮﺝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻧﻒ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻔﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺨﺮﺝ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﺴﻌﻞ ﺃﻭ ﻳﻌﻄﺲ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺺ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺏﺑﻜﻮﻓﻴﺪ‪ .19-‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺼﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﺷﺨﺎﺹ ﺑﻤﺮﺽ ﻛﻮﻓﻴﺪ‪ 19-‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﻨﻔﺴﻮﺍ ﻫﺬﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺮﺍﺕ‪،‬ﺃﻭ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻟﻤﺲ ﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎء ﺃﻭ ﺍﻷﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺳﻘﻄﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺮﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﺛﻢ‬
‫ﻟﻤﺴﻮﺍﻭﺟﻮﻫﻬﻢ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﺘﺮﺍﻭﺡﺍﻟﻔﺘﺮﺓ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ ﻭﻇﻬﻮﺭ ﺍﻷﻋﺮﺍﺽ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ )ﻓﺘﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺎﻧﺔ( ﻣﻦ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺇﻟﻰ‬
‫‪14‬ﻳﻮﻣﺎً‪ ،‬ﺑﻤﺘﻮﺳﻂ‪ 5‬ﺇﻟﻰ ‪ 6‬ﺃﻳﺎﻡ‪ .‬ﻳﻌﺎﻧﻲ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ‪ ٪97‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺷﺨﺎﺹ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻋﺮﺍﺽﺧﻼﻝ ‪ 14‬ﻳﻮﻣﺎً‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺼﺪﺭ‪ :‬ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬
‫ﻻﺗﻜﻦ ﻣﺸﺎﻏﺒﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻗﻞﺍﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ‪1/2 :‬‬ ‫ﻻﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‪.‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ‬

‫ﺇﻓﺮﺍﺯﺍﻟﻔﻴﺮﻭﺱ‬
‫ﻳﺤﺪﺙﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﺛﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺮﻭﺳﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﻂ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﺴﻲﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺉﺘﻴﻦ‪ .‬ﺗﺸﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻜﺮﺓﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺮﻭﺱ ﻳﺘﻜﺎﺛﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻬﻀﻤﻲﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻟﻢ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺄﻛﻴﺪ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺮﺍﺯﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﻔﻢ‬
‫ﻳﺒﺪﻭﺃﻥ ﺫﺭﻭﺓ ﺗﺴﺎﻗﻂ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺮﻭﺱ ﺗﺤﺪﺙ ﻓﻲ ﻭﻗﺖ‬
‫ﻇﻬﻮﺭﺍﻷﻋﺮﺍﺽ ﺛﻢ ﺗﻨﺨﻔﺾ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ‬

‫ﻣﻦﺍﻟﻤﺮﺟﺢ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺤﺪﺙ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻷﻋﺮﺍﺽ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻣﻊﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻏﻴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﺎﻝ )ﺁﻟﻴﺔ ﺭﺉﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻄﺮﺩﺍﻟﻔﻴﺮﻭﺱ( ﻗﺪ ﻳﺤﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻭﻯ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺼﺪﺭ‪:‬ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬
‫ﻻﺗﻜﻦ ﻣﺸﺎﻏﺒﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻗﻞﺍﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ‪2/2 :‬‬ ‫ﻻﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‪.‬‬
 ‫ﺃﺣﺪﺍﺙﻓﺎﺉﻘﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺗﺤﺪﺙﺃﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺉﻖ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﻨﻘﻞ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺮﻭﺱ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻋﺪﺩ‬
‫ﻛﺒﻴﺮﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻋﺎﺩﻱ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺷﺨﺎﺹ‪ .‬ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﻗﻒ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺪﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻗﺪ‬
‫ﺗﺴﺎﻫﻢﻓﻲ ﺣﺪﻭﺙ ﺣﺪﺙ ﻓﺎﺉﻖ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻤﻌﺎﺕﺍﻟﺠﻤﺎﻫﻴﺮﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﻮﺧﺔﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻥﺍﻟﻨﺎﺯﺣﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﺽﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻲ‬
‫ﻛﺜﺎﻓﺔﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺮﻳﺔ ﺿﻌﻒ ﺃﻧﻈﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻧﻌﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﻔﺎﻓﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔﺍﻧﻌﺪﺍﻡ ﺣﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﻓﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬
‫ﻻﺗﻜﻦ ﻣﺸﺎﻏﺒﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺃﺣﺪﺍﺙﻓﺎﺉﻘﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ‪1/1:‬‬ ‫ﻻﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‪.‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻮﺍﺻﻔﺎﺕﺍﻟﻤﺮﺽ‪ :‬ﻣﻌﺪﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﺛﺮ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺸﺪﺓ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺪﻝﺍﻹﻧﺠﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ )‪(R0‬ﻫﻞﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻷﺷﺨﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔﺳﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻳﻘﺪﺭ ‪ R0‬ﻟـ‪ COVID-19‬ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ 2‬ﻭ‪4‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺻﻞﺍﻟﺰﻣﻨﻲ ﻟﻠﺒﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﺮﻳﺔﻫﻞﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻇﻬﻮﺭ ﺍﻷﻋﺮﺍﺽﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﺘﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ‬

‫ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ‪ .‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻳﺘﺮﺍﻭﺡ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﺑﻴﻦ‪ 4‬ﻭ ‪ 5‬ﺃﻳﺎﻡ‬

‫ﻧﺴﺒﺔﺇﻣﺎﺗﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻻﺕ )‪(CFR‬ﻫﻲ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﻧﻮﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺗﻠﺔ‪ CFR .‬ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻲ ﻫﻮ‪))7%‬ﺩﻳﺴﻤﺒﺮ‬
‫‪-2019‬ﻣﺎﻳﻮ ‪(2020‬‬

‫ﻣﺼﺪﺭ‪:‬ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬
‫ﻻﺗﻜﻦ ﻣﺸﺎﻏﺒﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﺻﻔﺎﺕﺍﻟﻤﺮﺽ‪1/1 :‬‬ ‫ﻻﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‪.‬‬
 ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎﺕﺍﻟﻤﺨﺎﻃﺮ‬

‫ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮﺓﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﺮﻗﻠﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺧﻄﺮﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ ﺑﻤﺮﺽ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ‬
‫ﻳﺰﻳﺪﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻦﻭ‬ ‫ﻳﺸﻴﺮﺍﻷﻃﻔﺎﻝ ﻭ‬
‫ﻓﻲﺗﻠﻚ ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﺎﺏﻳﻔﻌﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺔﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺒﺢﻣﺼﺎﺑﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭ‬
‫ﺷﺮﻭﻁﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦﺃﻥ ﻳﻨﻘﻞ‬
‫ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉﺿﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻜﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﻭﻯ‪.‬ﻟﻜﻦ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻣﺮﺍﺽﺍﻟﻘﻠﺐ ﻭﺍﻷﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻣﻮﻳﺔ ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻃﻔﺎﻝﻧﺎﺩﺭﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﺴﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺰﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻡﺇﻟﻰ ﺟﺪﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺽﻭﺍﻟﺴﺮﻃﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺽ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬
‫ﻻﺗﻜﻦ ﻣﺸﺎﻏﺒﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎﺕﺍﻟﻤﺨﺎﻃﺮ‪1/1 :‬‬ ‫ﻻﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‪.‬‬
 ‫ﺣﺼﺎﻧﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻯﺍﻟﻘﺼﻴﺮ‪:‬‬

‫ﺗﻈﻬﺮﺍﻷﺟﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﺎﺩﺓ ﻟـ‪) COVID-19‬ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ‪ IgG‬ﻭ‪ (IgM‬ﺑﻌﺪ ‪ 6‬ﺇﻟﻰ ‪ 12‬ﻳﻮﻣﺎً ﻣﻦ‬

‫ﻇﻬﻮﺭﺍﻷﻋﺮﺍﺽ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻳﺤﺪﺙ ﺍﻧﺨﻔﺎﺽ ﺑﻄﻲء ﻭﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺮﻭﺳﻲ‬
‫ﻗﺪﻳﻈﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺿﻰ ﻣﻌﺪﻳﻴﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺗﺤﺴﻨﻬﻢ ﺳﺮﻳﺮﻳﺎً‪ .‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻟﻪ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻭﻯ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﻗﺎﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎﻭﻣﻜﺎﻓﺤﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺮﺍﻓﻖ ﺍﻟﺮﻋﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ ﻭﺣﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﺮﻭﺝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺸﻔﻴﺎﺕ‪ .‬ﻗﺪ‬
‫ﻳﺤﺘﺎﺝﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺿﻰ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻣﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺰﻟﻴﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺸﻔﻰ‪.‬‬

‫ﻃﻮﻳﻞﺍﻷﻣﺪ‪:‬‬
‫ﻓﻲﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻲ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﺃﺩﻟﺔ ﻛﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﺣﻮﻝ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﻮﺳﻄﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺟﺴﺎﻡﺍﻟﻤﻀﺎﺩﺓ ﻟﻀﻤﺎﻥ ﺩﻗﺔ "ﺟﻮﺍﺯ ﺳﻔﺮ ﺍﻟﺤﺼﺎﻧﺔ" ﺃﻭ "ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺎﻃﺮ‬
‫"‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙﻗﻠﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻗﺪ ﻳﻔﺘﺮﺿﻮﻥ ﺃﻧﻬﻢ ﻣﺤﺼﻨﻮﻥ ﺿﺪ ﻋﺪﻭﻯ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻳﺘﺠﺎﻫﻠﻮﻥﻧﺼﺎﺉﺢ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻄﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻭﻯ‪[3].‬‬

‫‪https://www.who.int/news-room/commentaries/detail/immunity-passports-in-the-context-of-covid-193‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬
‫ﻻﺗﻜﻦ ﻣﺸﺎﻏﺒﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺼﺎﻧﺔ‪1/2:‬‬ ‫ﻻﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‪.‬‬
 ‫ﺣﺼﺎﻧﺔ‬

‫ﺱ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬
‫ﻻﺗﻜﻦ ﻣﺸﺎﻏﺒﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺼﺎﻧﺔ‪2/2:‬‬ ‫ﻻﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‪.‬‬
 ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻻﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺼﻴﺔ ﻣﺮﺧﺼﺔ ﺣﺎﻟﻴﺎً ﻟـ‪ COVID-19‬ﺇﻻ ﺑﻤﻮﺟﺐ ﻟﻮﺍﺉﺢ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺣﺎﻻﺕﺍﻟﻄﻮﺍﺭﺉ‪ .‬ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﻗﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﻢ‬

‫ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕﺗﻀﺨﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺾ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ )‪(NAATs‬ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻟﺘﺸﺨﻴﺺ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻭﻯﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ )ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺮﻭﺱ( ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺽ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﺘﺮﺍﻭﺡﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ‪ NAAT‬ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ 13‬ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﻭ‪ 3‬ﺳﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﻭﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻣﺤﺪﺩﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕﺍﻟﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻷﺟﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﺎﺩﺓﺍﻟﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻷﺟﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫‪ IgG‬ﻭ‪ IgM‬ﺿﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺮﻭﺱ‪ .‬ﻻ ﻳﻔﻴﺪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﻷﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻷﺟﺴﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻀﺎﺩﺓﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﻛﺘﺸﺎﻓﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺳﺒﻮﻉ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺽ‪ .‬ﺗﺒﻠﻎ ﻣﺪﺓ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺣﻮﺍﻟﻲ‪ 15‬ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﻭﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻷﺷﺨﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺃﺻﻴﺒﻮﺍ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺪﻭﻯﻣﺴﺒﻘﺎً‪ .‬ﻭﺗﺠﺮﻱ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺉﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻥ ﻓﻲ ‪6‬‬
‫ﺑﻠﺪﺍﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕﺍﻟﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻀﺪﻳﻜﺸﻒﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻀﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺮﻭﺳﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻳﻤﻜﻦﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻔﻴﺪﺓ ﻟﺘﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺩﺓ‪ .‬ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﺍﻥ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺼﺪﺭ‪:‬ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬

‫ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ‪1 /1:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬
‫ﻻﺗﻜﻦ ﻣﺸﺎﻏﺒﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻻﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‪.‬‬
 ‫ﻋﻼﺝ‬
‫ﺣﺎﻟﻴﺎً‪،‬ﻻ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﺃﺩﻭﻳﺔ ﻣﻀﺎﺩﺓ ﻟﻠﻔﻴﺮﻭﺳﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﺧﺼﺔ ﻟﻌﻼﺝ ﻛﻮﻓﻴﺪ‪ .19-‬ﻻ ﺗﺰﺍﻝ ﺍﻷﺑﺤﺎﺙ ﺟﺎﺭﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪﻣﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻜﻦ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻷﺩﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﻟﻌﻼﺝ ﻓﻴﺮﻭﺱ ﻛﻮﺭﻭﻧﺎ )‪-19‬‬
‫‪ (COVID‬ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺗﻘﻮﻡﻣﻨﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ ﺑﺘﻨﺴﻴﻖ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻛﺒﻴﺮﺓ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﺍﻥﻣﺤﺎﻛﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻀﺎﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﻢﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺃﺩﻭﻳﺔ‪/‬ﺃﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﻣﺮﺷﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﻋﺪﺓ‪:‬‬

‫ﻣﺼﺪﺭ‪:‬ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬
‫ﻻﺗﻜﻦ ﻣﺸﺎﻏﺒﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﺖ‪1/1:‬‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﻠﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻻﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‪.‬‬