September 1982

Thfa quemtlomuira i a device for enhraciog the uretulrrcrm o f future updates

of this guide. Pleama anwer the fallouin~quemtions. fold and staple the
quemtionaairs, and m i l it t o the addrera rhova on the reverse s i d e .

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- h e r
US A m y Foreign Science a d Techadoly Center
220 7th Street, HE
Clutlottervilla, VA 22901
ATlW : bWT-PO
 DST-1160C-514-82-VOL 2-CHG I
30 August 1985

US ARMY INTELLIGENCE
AGENCY
Publication No. FOREIGN SCIENCE AND
DST-1160G-514-82-VQL 2 ITCHNOLOGY CENTER
Change 1 Charlottesville, VA 22901-5396

SMALL-CALIBER AMMUNITION IDENTIFICATION GUIDE

VOLUME 2: 20-mot t o 40-rn CARTRIDGES

Publication No. nST-l160G-514-82-VOI, 2, p u b l i s h e d

an 13 September 1982, is amended as follows: The
pages listed below are to be removed and destroyed
in accordance wf th e x i s t i n g s e c u r i t y regulations,
and new pages are s u b s t i t u t e d or added.

Remove pages: Insert new pages:

Front cover Front cover

Title page Title page
i i i thru v (Reverse iii thru vf
Blank)
fx and x ix and x
5 thru 8 5 thru 8
-------- 40.1 (Reverse Rlank)
------- 44.1 (Reverse Blank)
57 and 58 5 7 and 58
69 thru 76 69 thru 76
79 t h t u 82 79 thru 82
85 thru 94 85 thru 94
97 and 98 97 and 98
101 and 102 101 and 102
105 thru 112 105 t h r u 112
129 thru 122 119 thru 122
127 thru 130 127 thru 130
141 thru 143 (Reverse 141 thru 144.1
Blank) (Reverse Blank)
179 thru 184 179 thru 184
--oo----
188.1 t h r u 188.4
193 thru 195 (Reverse 193 thru 195 (Reverse
Rla nk) Blank)
APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE;
DISTRIBUTION UNLIMITED
(Reverse Rlank)
 DST-1160G-514-82-VOL 2-CHG 1
3 0 August 1985

PREFACE

This guide, Volume 2 of a t w ~ v o l u m e series,

supplements Volume 1, which provides identification
procedures f o r small-arms cartridges of 15-mm
caliber and below. Volume 2 is designed t o assist
the reader in identf fying military cart r i d g e s in
c a l i b e r s from 20 m t o 40 mm a s t o cartridge
designation, c o u n t r y , end weapon(s) f o r which t h e
cartridges are intended. Like Volume 1, it
p r o v i d e s persons without a technical background in
ammunir ion b a s i c information on cartridge t y p e s ,
construction, and terminology, as well as more
detailed identification data on each cartridge.
Additional information o n these cartridges can be
found in various exploitation reports on i n d i v i d u a l
rounds. A consolidated listing of these
exploitation reports is provided in the appendix;
future editions of this volume will include
p e r t i n e n t data from exploitarion r e p o r t s of 20- t o
40-mm cartridges.

Coverage of this volume i s l i m i t e d to car-

tridges in t h e 20- t o 40-mm c a l i b e r range made
since 2930 and designed for m i l i t a r y use; t h i s
excludes shotgun cart r i d g e s , riot-cont rol car-
t r i d g e s , and s i g n a l c a r t r i d g e s , a n d , w i t h few
exceptions, s u b c a l i b e r c a r t r i d g e s . A l s o e x c l u d e d ,
because of their age and l i m i t e d u s e , are several
types of 26-rmn cartridges d e v e l o p e d during World
War TI by Germany for use in the 26-mm
Kampfpis tole, a r i f l e d weapon that w a s d e v e l o p e d
from t h e signal p i s t o l .

The information contained i n this g u i d e has

been derived from a v a r i e t y of sources: Examina-
t i o n of cartridges, i n t e l l i g e n c e and explosive
ordnance d i s p o s a l tepor ts , US and foreign technical
publications, and c o n t r i b u t i o n s by knowledgeable
individuals.

Change 1 has been incorporated i n t o t h i s volume.

An asterisk * associated w i t h any paragraph,
DST-1160G-514-82-VOL 2-CHG 1
30 August 1985

illustration, or table indfcates new or revised

information in change 1 .

Most illustrations appearing in this document

are identified by a six-digit negative number
p r i n t e d in t h e lower left corner of t h e figure.
Users can request p r i n t s of these illustxatfons by
citing the negative numbers and- the short t i t l e of
this publication in a request addressed t o t h e
Camander, US Army Foreign Science and Technology
Center, 220 Seventh S t r e e t , NE., C h a r l o t t e s v i l l e ,
VA 22901-5396 (ATTN: AIAST-PO)

Constructive critfcisms, comments, and sug-

gested changes are encouraged and should be
forwarded t o the Commander, US Army Foreign Science
and Technology Center at t h e above address.
 DST-1160G-514-82-VOL 2-CHG 1
30 August 1985

LIST OF EFFECTIVE PAGES

SUBJECT MATTER PAGE NUMBERS DATE

Title Page ......... None 30 Aug 1985

Preface ............
L i s t of E f f e c t i v e
iii and i v 30 Aug 1985

Pages ............ and viv 30 Aug 1985

Record o f Changes
Table of Contents
.. v i i (RB)
.- ix and x
13 S e p 1982
30 Aug 1985
i i s t of I l l u s -
trations ......... xi 13 Sep 1982
iist of T a b l e s xii 13 Sep 1982
Section 1 .......... 1. thru 15 (RB)
1 thru 4
--me-------

13 S e p 1982
5 thru 8 30 Aug 1985
9 thru 15 (RB) 13 S e p 1982
Section TI
S e c t i o n 111
.........
.-......
1 7 thru 2 1 (RB)
23 thru 144
13 Sep 1982
-----------
23 thru 40 13 Sep 1982
40.1 (RB) 30 Aug 1985
41. thru 44 13 Sep 1982
44.1 (RB) 30 Aug 1985
45 thru 56 13 Sep 1982
5 7 and 58 30 Aug 1985
5 9 thru 68 13 Sep 1982
69 and 70 30 Aug 1985
70.1 (RB) 13 Sep 1982
7 1 thru 76 30 Aug 1985
77 and 78 13 Sep 1982
79 thru 82 30 Aug 1985
8 3 and 84 13 Sep 1982
85 t h r u 94 30 Aug 1985
95 and 96 13 Sep 2982
97 and 98 30 Aug 1985
99 and 100 13 Sep 1982
101 and 102 30 Aug 1985
103 and 104 13 Sep 1982
105 thru 112 30 Aug 1985
113 thru 118 13 Sep 1982
119 thru 122 30 Aug 1985
DST-1160G-514-82-VOL 2-CHC 1
30 August 1985

SUKJECT MATTER PACE NUMBERS DATE

123 thru 126 13 S e p 1985

127 thru 130 30 Aug 1985
132 thru 140 13 S e p 1982
141 thru 144.2
30 Aug 1985
S e c t i o n IV ......... 145 thru 188
1 4 5 thru 178
------*--a-

13 Sep 1982
179 thru 184 30 Aug 1985
185 thru 188 13 Sep 1982
Section V
Appendix
..........
........... 188.1 thru 188.4
189 and 190
30 Aug
13 Sep
1985
1982
Bibliography ........
Distribution L i s t ,
191 (RB)
193 thru 195 (RB)
13 Sep 1982
30 Aug 1985
 DST-1160G-514-82-VOL 2
13 September 1982

KECOW OF CHANGES

SIGNATURE, RANK/RATE AND

DATE 3KCANZZATION OF INDIVIUUAL
NTElXL) ENTERING CHANGE

vii
(Reverse Blank)
 DST-ll6OG-514-82-VOL 2-CHG 1
30 August 1985

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Preface .................................... iii

1
2
.. General
Organization
............................
...w................... 4
1

3. Cartridge Cases ..................W. 4

4
5
. Projectiles
Primers
........................
............................ 8
1 ).
6.
7.
P r o p e l l e n t ..............m..........
Cartridge Designation .............. 13
14

SECTION IIw CARTRIDGE I D E N T I F I C A T I O N PROCEDURES

1 . General ............................ 17
2-
3-
Caliber and Cartridge Designation
Country and Year of Manufacture
..
.... 17
18
4.
5.
F u n c t i o n a l Type
Safety in Handling
....................
.................
20
20

SECTION 117 . CARTRIDGE IDENTIFICATION DATA

A . CARTRIDGE-CASE OUTLINE DRAWINGS

1
2
.. General
Use
..I...............m....
........................... 23
23

B . DIMENSIONAL AND REFERENCE DATA

3.
4.
Dimensional Data
Cartridge Reference Data
..............
...... 55
64

SECTION IV. MARKING PRACTICES BY COUNTRY

1
2
.. Scope .........................
Organization .................. 145
145
 DST-ll6OG-514-82-VOL 2-CHG 1
3 0 August 1985

TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)

.
Page
B . COUNTRY MARKING PRACTICES

China .........................
Czechoslovakia ................
245
148
Egypt .......................... 150
France ........................ 151
Israel
Spain
........................
....................I....
157
159
Sweden ........I...a........... 163
Switzerland ................... 166

United
................
Unf t ed Kingdom
.................
States
270
173
USSR .......................... 178
West Germany ..................
World War TI-- Germany and
182

Japan ....................... 185

+SECTION . ANMUNITION INTERCHANGEABILITY

V m e * 188.1

APPENDIX . Exploitation Reports on

20- to 40-mm Cart ridges .......... 189

191

Distribution L i s t ........................... 193

 DST-1160G-514-82-VUL 2
1 3 September 1982

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Figure Page

Cartridge Base Types ................

Functional Projectiles ..............
Small-Arms Primers ..................
A r tillery-Type and Electric
Primers.........................a.
T y p i c a l High-Low Pressure
Cartridge .........................
Location o f R i m and Head Measure-
ments.............................
Chinese Cartridge Markings
Czechoslovak Cartridge Markings
..........
.....
Egyptian Cartridge Headstamp
Markings ..........................
French Cartridge Markings
Israeli Cartridge Markings
...........
..........
Swiss Cart ridge Heads tamp
Markings ..........................
UK Commercial Cartridge Headstamp
Markings ..........................
UK 201nm Cartridge-Case Markings ...-
UK 30x1133 Cartridge-Case
Markings ..........................
US Cartridge Markings ...............
Soviet Cartridge Heads ramp
Markings ..........................
Soviet 37- Cartridge-Case
Markings .............m............
West German Cartridge Markings . a . m . b
World War I F German Cart ridge
Markings ..........................
World War 11 Japanese Cartridge
Markings .................m........
DST-1160G-514-82-VOL 2
13 September 1982

LIST OF TABLES

-
Table Page

French Color Coding Practices

.........
20- t o 4 O - m Cartridge Data
.......
Abbreviations and Terms on French
20- t o 40-m Cartridges m......r..-.
IV. Spanish Color Practices ......
Coding
v.
VI.
Funct tonal Type Letter
Projectile Filler Letter
..
Codes-
.
Codes
.
...
..
..
.
v11. Nonstandard Spanish Cart ridge
Markings ..........................*-
Hispano-Suiza Projectile Typea and
Color Coding ..............o.....*.b
Oerlikon Projectile Types and Color
IX.
Coding ..............................
NATO Ammunition Color Codes for
Ammunition in Calibers of 20 mm
and Above -.........o.........m.....
XI. Experimental US 30- Belted
Cartridge Casee ....................
Explanatton of Soviet Projectile
Designators ....-....,.............-
German Terms and Abbreviations Used
on A m m u n i t i o n or Packaging .......d.

xii
 DST-L160G-514-82-VOL 2
13 September 1982

SECTION 1

INTRODUCT LON

. .

1. General

a. Thie guide provides reference data on (and

outlines procedures that will aid in the i d e n t i f i c a -
tion of) cartridges in the 20- t o 40-mm range. It
thus supplements Volume 1, which deals with the
identification of small-anus cartridges up to
15 mm; no cartridges between 15 mm and 20 arm are
currently in military use. Much o f the information
that appears in Volume 1 is a p p l i c a b l e in some
degree to t h e larger-caliber cartridges described
In t h i s volume, so the reader is advised to use
these publications as a two-volume set.

b. the past 40 years, numerous func-

During
tional models, and color codes in many
types,
calibers of ammunition have been introduced
worldwide, so the information in t h i s guide
is limited t o cartridge designation and country and
year of manufacture, Some guidance is provided as
to t h e design and visual identification of func-
tional types, but t h e determination of s p e c i f i c
model designations or identification of color codes
used by each country is outside t h e scope of this
volume.

c . The term "cartridge identification" can

encompass a w i d e span of activtties, ranging from
t h e simple determination of cartridge's caliber and
case length t o a detailed examination that can in-
clude its country of origin, functional type, model
or type designation, and even lot number, year, and
place of manufacture. The problems involved in the
identification of cartridges may be summarized in
three questions, which t h i s guide will h e l p t o
answer
DST-ll6OG-5 14-82-VOL 2
13 September 1982

(1) What is the cartridge designation?

This is expressed by a brief descriptive desfgna-
t i o n that includes the pro jectLle caliber and case
length. This designation i s applicable t o a l l
cartridges that can be fired in guns chambered for
t h i s specific cartridge.

(2) Who made the cartridge, and when?

Normally, t h i s information can be derived from the
markin~s that appear on the projectile, on the case
wall, or on the cartridge base. If the cartridge
is unmarked, or i f the markings are for any reason
inadequate, a d e t a i l e d examination and comparison
w i t h s i m i l a r cartridges of known origin may be
necessary. Because o f its technical complexity,
such a comparison falls outside the acope of this
guide.

(3) What is its functional type? More

specifically, does the projectile contain an
explosive charge that demands added caution in
handling and storage? Frequently, this can be
determined beyond doubt from markings data, but i f
any question e x i s t s , an examination by technically
qualified ammunition specialists w i l l be necessary.

d. Ammunition in t h e 20- t o 4 h category i s

frequently termed automatic gun ammunition, since
with, very few exceptions, a l l of the cartridges
produced today in these calibers are designed t o be
f i r e d i n f u l l y automatic weapons s i m i l a x in opera-
t i o n t o , but larger than, heavy machineguns. Car-
tridges in these calibers vary widely in d e s i g n and
performance, ranging from low-power cart ridges that
d i f f e r l i t t l e f r o m small-arms cartridges except in
caliber and projectile construction t o high-
perf onuance anti tank (AT) and antiaircraft (M)
cartridges. Cartridges in t h e 20- t o 40-m range
d i f f e r from small-arms cartridges principally i n
t h e i r use of artillery-type projectiles, frequently
 DST-L160G-514-82-VOL 2
13 September 1982

with an explosive charge, instead of the jacketed

bullet construction typical of small-arms ammuni-
tion. In common w i t h smaller-caliber cartridges,
they almost invariably have a one-piece, drawn-
metal cartridge case; the primer y be either a
percussion primer o f the t y p e used in small-caliber
cartridges or an a r t i l l e r y type electric or percus-
s i o n primer w i t h a black-powder i g n i t e r charge.

e. Cartridges in this range originated with

the 1-inch Gatling machinegun, int toduced as early
as 1866, which was followed by 1-pounder (approxi-
mately 37-4 c ~ r t r i d g e s of several t y p e s , fired
ef ther from handpower-operated guns such as the
Gardner, Nordeaf e l d t , and Hotchkiss systems or f ram
single-shot, quick-firing guns. A self-powered
automatic gun, the 37-mm Maxim, appeared as early
as 1885. The term "pom-pom" w a s originally applied
to t h i s gun. Development since World War 11 has
been d i r e c t e d primarily toward improved ammunition
for automatic or power-operated guns for aircraft
and antiaircraft use, w i t h a reduced effort in t h e
area of cartridges for semiautomatic weapons for
accurate aimed fire against p o i n t targets.

f. Some of t h e cartridge types that are des-

cribed in this guide were produced 40 or more years
ago. Cartridges made during and even before World
War 11 are not necessarily unserviceable because of
their age; if they have been stored under favorable
conditions of l o w humidity and low-to-moderate tem-
perature, and i f the brass cartridge case has not
become brittle f r o m exposure t o the mercuric com-
pounds in the primer or from improper annealing of
t h e metal, they m y be safe t o fire, although fuzes
and tracers may n o t function reliably. Service-
ability must; determined through inspection and
t e s t i n g by qualified ammunition specialists&
DST-1160G-513-82-VOL 2
1 3 September 1982

2. Organization

T h i s g u i d e comprises four major sections.

a. Sect.ion T o u t l i n e s the scope of t h i s guide

and its organization. It a l s o provides general
information on construction, characteristics, and
terninology o f automatic gun ammunition that w i l l
a i d i n the use of this guide.

b. Section I1 provides instructions for the

use of this g u i d e in t h e identification of car-
t ridges f rorn dimensional and visual data.

c. Section 111 provides a series of outline

drawings of cart r i d g e cases, a tabulation of major
cartridge dimensions, and a b r i e f description of
each cartridge type in terms of its o r i g i n , u s i n g
weapons, principal countries o f manufacture and
use, and current s t a t u s . Cross-reference of in£or-
mation in these three areas is aided by the use of
an index number that i s assigned to each cartridge
designation.

d Section XV p r e s e n t s representative car-

tridge identification data for each of the major
countries t h a t has produced ammunition in this cal-
i b e r range

3. Cartridge Cases

The primary feature in cartridge idenrif i c a t l o n is

the cartridge case- Its shape and dimensions,
which must conform to the chamber size of the gun
for which designed, indicate the t y p e and probable
military role of the weapon, which in turn my
suggest t h e country of o r i g i n or the political
affiliation (e-g., Communist, Western, Third World)
o f the user- Key aspects o f cartridge-case design
and construction are outlined in the following
subparagraphs.
 DST-1160G-514-82-VOL 2-CHG 3
30 August 1985

a. The cartridge case (which, incidentally,

can account for more than half the w e i g h t of the
complete c a r t r i d g e ) provides a s t u r d y , weatherproof
container that u n i t e s t h e prlrner , propellant, and
projectile into a unit and protects them from damage
in storage, handling, and loading or feeding.
During f i r i n g , t h e case provides obturation, sealing
the breech end of the barrel t o prevent the escape
of hot propellant gases i n t o the gun mechanism*
When automatic weapons are fired, the cartridge
case serves an equally important purpose in acting
as a heat sink: It extracts a s i g n i f i c a n t portion
of excess heat from the gun chamber after each
shot, thus reducfng t h e risk of overheating the gun
and the attendant possibility of premature f i r i n g
( c ~ ~ k - of )f
b. To provide desired performance charac-
t e r i s t i c s , m i l i t a r y cartridge cases must be robust;
a l l are of centerfire construction, with a refn-
forced cartridge case head and a c e n t r a l l y located
primer that ignites the propellant contained in the
cartridge case. Cartridge cases are made princi-
p a l l y of brass or m f l d s t e e l (either p l a t e d or lac-
quered), aIt hough in recent y ears aluminum cases
have been used i n c r e a s i n g l y . Cases are manufac-
tured by punch and die operations, termed
"drawing, " w i t h heat treatment t o provide desired
m e t a l l u r g i c a l character2 stics.
c. Cartridge base types, which serve a
functional purpose in the feeding, positioning for
firing, and extraction of t h e fired case or t h e
unf i red cart ridge, are valuable identifying
f e a t u r e s . F o r convent ence in cartridge identif ica-
tfon, the cartridge base description is used as an
element f n the descriptive designation of the
cartridge. The five base types in use, with t h e i r
abbreviations, are a s follows: rf m e d (R) , rimless
(no abbreviation), semirimmed (SR), belted (B), and
r e b a t e d (RB). These t y p e s , which are shown i n
f i g u r e 1, are described in the following subpara-
graphs.
DsT-1160C-514-82-VOL
30 August 1985

RIMMED

BELTED REBATED
Neg. 526091
Figure 1. Cartridge Base Types
 (1) R i m e d c a r t r i d g e cases have a rim, or
extractor flange, extending beyond t h e cartri.dge
body; t h e r i m s e a t s against the breech face and
aids in extracting the fired case. There may he a
s l i g h t undercut or groove in the case body ahead of
the r i m .

# (2) Rimless cases have an extraction

groove in the case body, l e a v i n g a flange a t t h e
base of t h e case. The diameter of t h i s f l a n g e is
the same as, or very c l o s e to, the diameter of the
cartridge case hody ahead of t h e groove.

(3) Semirimed cases have an extraction

groove in the case body. The diameter of the
f l a n g e a t t h e case base is distfnctly larger than
the diameter of the c a r t r i d g e case ahead of t h e
groove. A semirimmed case can be identified by
l a y i n g a s t r a i g h t e d g e along the cartridge body; a
district gap will h noted between the case body
and the s t r a i g h t e d g e , j u s t ahead of the extraction
groove.

( 4 ) Belted cartridge cases have a pro-

nounced raised belt around the cartridge case body
ahead of the extractor groove. The r i m diameter is
n o t s i g n i f i c a n t : ; it may be greater than, the same
as, or less than the belt diameter.

( 5 ) Rebated cartridge cases have a f l a n g e

at t h e rear of t h e extractor groove; t h e diameter
of the f l a n g e is distinctly less than the case body
diameter.

d. F i r e d cartridge cases can provide infor-

mation on caf i b e r designation, country of o r i g i n ,
y e a r o f manufacture, and primer type. Cases may
a l s o c a r r y markfngs t h a t i n d i c a t e t h e model and
functional t y p e of t h e f i r e d projectile. Finally,
examination of a f i r e d case by a weapon expert can,
tinder favorable condi tfons , provide information as
to t h e type of gun that fired the cartridge.
DST-1160G-514-82-VOL 2-CHG 1
30 August 1985

4. Projectiles

a, Projectiles in the 20- to 40-mrn range

follow the design of artillery projectfles rather
than of small-arms bullets in that t h e y have a well-
d e f i n e d rotating band and a bourrelet on the projec-
t i l e body i n s t e a d of a b u l l e t jacket that is
engraved by the r i f l i n g i n the gun barrel. The
r e l a t i v e l y large mass (weight) of these p r o j e c t i l e s
permits a more s o p h i s t i c a t e d d e s i g n and complex
construction, tailored for a s p e c i f f c t y p e of
target and frequently i n v o l v i n g an armor-piercing
penetrator or an explosive f i l l e r with some type of
fuzing. These p r o j e c t i l e s are Intended p r i m a r i l y
f o r use a g a i n s t materiel targets such as a i r c r a f t ,
armor, and defended positions; t h e i r antipersonnel
e f f e c t is achieved p r i n c i p a l l y by projectile frag-
ments rather than, a s f o r small arms, by d i r e c t
impact.

b- In t h e d e s i g n a t i o n of f u n c t i o n a l types,
pro j e c t i l e s - a n d t h u s , cartridges--in t h i s c a l i b e r
range a l s o follow artillery practice. Fox example,
a c a r t ridge whose p r o j e c t i l e contains no e x p l o s i v e
payload or penetxator, and which i n small-arms
ammunition t e r m i n o l o g y would be designated a ball
c a r t r i d g e , is normally termed a practice cartridge,
a1 though t h e term b a l l cartridge may o c c a s i o n a l l y
be encountered . If t h e projectile contains a
tracer, the c a r t r i d g e w i l l u s u a l l y be d e s i g n a t e d a
practice tracer (PT) c a r t r i d g e , and only rarely a
tracer c a r t r i d g e .

.
c
explosive
Explosive projectiles include high-
(HE) a n d higb-explosive i n c e n d i a r y ( H E Z )
rounds; the l a t t e r may carry a tracer and t h e n he
termed HET-T. Explosive ptojecti1,es have a fuze of
some t y p e to inltiate detonation of t h e explosive
charge; t h i s may be a point-detonating (PD) or hase-
detonating (Rn) t y p e , depending on i t s l o c a t f o t ~ in
the projectile. I f t h e f u z e has a self-destruct
 DST-1 160G-514-82-VOL 2
13 September 1982

feature, to initiate detonation and thus

destruct ion of the p r o j e c t i l e at a predetermined
time or distance after firing, the fuze will be
designated point detonating self-destruct or base
detonating self-destruct (PDSD or BDSD). Such
fuzes are frequently used in antiaircraft f i r e or
air-to-air f i r e to ensure that a projectile that
misses its intended target w i l l detonate in the air
and not land in a friendly area. Self-destruction
can a l s o be initiated upon tracer burnout. The
tracer element is a body of pyrotechnic material in
a cavity in the base of the projectile; the
material is ignited by the burning propellant and
e m i t s a visible or smoke trace t o enable the
projectile flight to be followed and permit
adjustment of f i r e on the target. If a heat-
sensitive detonator is p l a c e d between t h e tracer
and t h e explosive f i l l e r , i t wtll be i n i t i a t e d as
the tracer burns out, perhaps 2 seconds after
ignition, and thus detonate t h e projectile.

da Kinetic-energy, armor-def eating pro jec-

tiles include armor-piercing ( AP) and armor-
piercing-incendiary ( A P I ) p r o j e c t i l e s , which may
have a tracer and thus be termed AP-T and APT-T.
Solid SP projectiles were at one time termed
"shot," and t h e term "AP shot'' may still be
encountered. If the projectile has an explosive
f i l l e r and fuze (normally a base fuze) as well, it
may be designated armor-piercing high explosive
(APHE), armor-piercing high explosive incendiary
(APHEI) , or armor-piercing high explosive
incendiary-tracer (APHEI-T), depending on i t s
construct ion. A special type of high-perf ormance
AP projectile, wtth a smaller-diameter core or
penetrator of tungsten carbide (abbreviated WC) or
tungsten a l l o y , may be combined with a projectile
body that is designed to separate from the core as
soon as the projectile has left the gun nuzzle.
The projectile base that is discarded is termed a
"sabot"; the complete projectile is termed "armor-
piercing, discarding sabot," or APDS. When a
DST-1160G-514-82-VOL 2
13 September 1982

tracer i s present, the projectile becomes APUS-T.

If the ptojectile has a tungsten carbide penetra-
tor, the designation is APDS (WC) or APDS-T (WC).
The c h i e f advantage t o APDS projectiles is that the
heavy, small-diameter penetrator encounters less
a i r resistance during flight and thus does not lose
its velocity as rapidly as a larger-diameter projec-
tile; therefore, it has a shorter t of flight
and higher impact velocxty at longer ranges.
Examples of functional types are found in f Igure 2 .

Neg. 526092
Figure 2 . Functional Projectiles
 DST-lL60G-514-82-VOL 2
13 September 1982

5. Primers

Cartridges in the 20- t o 40-mm range may use a wide

variety of primers, from simple small-arms-type
primers for low-performance cartridges t o complex
artillery-type primers- Electric primers are used
almost exclusively for aircraft gun ammunition.
These types are described L a the following subpara-
graphs.

a. Small-arms primers nay be of e i t h e r the

Boxer or t h e Berdan type. Boxer-type primers con-
s i s t of a thin metal primer cup and an "anvil" of
stamped metal. Between the primer cup and a n v i l i s
a p e l l e t of primer mixture that is initiated when
the primer is struck by a f i r i n g p i n . The primer
is inserted into a seat in the base of the car-
tridge. One axial flash hole normally conducts the
f l a s h to t h e p r o p e l l a n t in the cartridge case.
Berdan primers differ only i n having t h e a n v i l made
as a permanent f e a t u r e of the primer pocket; t h e
primer cup contains only the primer m i x t u r e .
Berdan-primed cartridge cases normally have two
f l a s h holes, but cases with a s i n g l e f l a s h hole to
increase the intensity of the primet flash have
been found in small-arms cartridges. Boxer- and
Berdan-type primers are shown in figure 3.

b- Artillery-type percussion primers are

separate assemblies that are either threaded or
p r e s s e d into the base of t h e cartridge case. The
primer body may contain merely a Boxer-type o r
Berdan-type primer and a black-powder primer
charge, or it may be more complex, involving a
f i r i n g plug t h a t inLtiates the percussion element
and a l s o keeps gas from escaping if the prfrner cup
should perforate on firing. A primer of t h i s type
is shown in figure 4, view A.
DST-116UG-514-82-VOL 2
1 3 September 1982

FLASH HOLE

CARTRIDGE CASE

- ANVIL

BOXER TYPE PRIMER BERDAN TYPE PRIMER

Neg- 525253
Figure 3. Small-Arms Primers

c. Instead of a percussion element, electric

primers c o n t a i n either a conductive primer mixture
or a bridge wire embedded in t h e ignition mixture.
A firing current (normally 24 t o 28 V DC) is
conducted through a contact on the cartridge base
t o the conductLve i g n i t i o n mixture or bridge wire
and returns through the cartridge case and chamber
wall. This current i g n i t e s the primer mixture and
initiates the propelling charge. Electric primers
may be designed t o be p r e s s e d or threaded into
cartridge cases; they may be dimensionally
interchangeable with percuesion primers, but they
can be recognized by a ring of insulating material
that surrounds t h e contact. A simple type of
electric primer is shown in figure 4, view 8.
 DST-1160G-514-82-VOL 2
13 September 1982

letinan
MIXTURE

-m E WIRE
lnsutmow
CONTACT
P M L R UWY
VIEW n VII* I

ARTILLERY TYPE - ELECTRE PRIMER

P€RCUSSlON PRIMER

Neg. 526090
Figure 4 . Artillery-Type and Electric Primers
6. Propellant

Depending on the performance t h a t is expected, pro-

p e l l a n t s may vary from small-arms-type ball powder
t o multiperforate cylindrical grains. Single-base
nitrocellulose propellant predominates. Closely
related t o propellants is the high-low pressure
system, designed t o provide a low-pressure force of
r e l a t i v e l y long duration that will impart a low t o
moderate v e l o c i t y t o heavy projectiles. This is
achieved by confining a small quantity of propel-
lant in a strong chamber within t h e cartridge case
adjacent t o the primer and providing t h i s chaaber
with only small openings i n t o t h e case. Upon
firing, the propellant creates high pressure w i t h i n
the interior chamber; the pressure escapes at a
predetermined rate into the cartridge case t o
provide a low but continuing pressure against the
projectile. The advantages of this procedure is
that the effective pressure against the projectile
rises slowly and never exceeds a moderate limit,
allowing t h e gun chamber t o be designed for a much
lower maximum pressure than would otherwise be the
case. Figure 5 shows a section af a high-low
pressure cartridge.
DST-1160G-514-82-VOL 2
13 September 1982

Neg. 526019
Figure 5 . Typical High-Low Pressure Cart ridge

7. Cartridge Designation

a. "Cartridge designation" denotes an identi-

f ying termf nology, unique to a specific cartridge,
t h a t fncludes the approximate caliber of the pro-
jectile as w e l l as further identifying data. For
convenience, and because many cartridges already
have a metric designation, the metric system of
cartridge designation used i n Volume 1 will also be
followed in Volume 2.

b- The metric designation consists b a s i c a l l y

of two numerical. elements-the projectile diameter
and the case length--which are expressed in m i l l i -
meters. The f i r s t element is the actual or nominal
caliber of the p r o j e c t i l e , expressed for automatic
 3ST-1160G-514-82-VOL 2
L3 September 1982

w n cartridges to the n e a r e s t millimeter.

0 The
second eLerroent is tne case l e n g t h , also e x y r e s s c d
in millimeters. Since case lengths may v a r y by
several millimeters wihout impairing proper gun
operation, this case-length figure is frequently a
norafnal or ayproxi~aate l e n g t h . The f i r s t and
second elements are separated by the lerter x,
which Ps read as "by. " Thus, the designation
"20x110" i n d i c a t e s a cartridge with a p r o j e c t i l e
diameter of 20 mm and a nominal case length of
110 mm. To further distinguish between otherwise
similar cartridges, a s u f f i x l e t t e r is added to
i n d i c a t e the cartridge base shape for other than
rimless cartridges. The suf f Lx letters used a r e as
follows: K for a rimmed case, SK for a semirimed
case, B for a belted case, and KB for a rebated
case. The absence of a suffix l e t t e r i n d i c a t e s a
rimless case. Thus, t h e preceding example, 20x110,
indicates that the case is r i ~ n l e s s . A 20x110 case
wLth a rebated case head is designated as 2Ux110Kl3.
In this one instance, two rimless cartridges have
t h e same caliber and case l e n g t h but d i f f e r in t h e
case diameter and contour. In this guide, one of
these cartridges has been given the arbitrary
s u f f i x USN to distinguish i t from the more common
Hispano-Suiza cartridge; thus, the des igna t i o n
20x110 USN is used.

15
(Reverse Blank)
 DST-1160G-514-82-VOL 2
13 September 1982

SECTION I1

CARTRIDGE IDENTIF ICATION PROCEDURES

1. General

To i d e n t i f y an unknown cartridge or a fired car-

tridge case with the aid of t h i s guide, a l l t h a t is
needed is an accurate measuring device. S i n c e a l l
measurements are given in metric units, a vernier
caliper t h a t reads t o 0.1 mm is adequate; in an
emergency, a metric scale that reads to 0.5 mm may
be used. Calipers or micrometers graduated fn
inches w i l l also serve, provided that the measure-
ments are converted t o metric units. Since 1 inch
is equal t o 2 5 . 4 mm, the i n c h measurement (in dect-
mals, not in fractions of an inch) i s multiplied by
2 5 . 4 to a r r i v e at t h e metric measurement.

2. Caliber and Cartridge Designation

a. It has been noted that cartridge designa-

tion is expressed by a nominal caliber and case
length. Dimensional data in section 111 of t h i s
guide a r e p r e s e n t e d i n order of caliber as the
p r i n c i p a l i d e n t i f y i n g factor and thereafter in
order of increasing case length. Once the projec-
tile diameter and case length (or, for a f i r e d
case, the case-mouth diameter) of the unknown
cartridge have been measured and the type of
cartridge base noted, e i t h e r of two methods can be
followed t o establish t h e cartridge designation-

b. For a "rough-and-ready" identification,

refer to the cartridge case outline drawings i n
sectionIII. Look for a cartridge case drawing
with a caliber and case length designation that
matches t h e unknown cartridge and which has the
same type of cartridge head. The case lengths may
DST-1160G-514-82-VOL 2
13 September 1982

not be i d e n t i c a l , but a case outline can ueually be

found that is a close match t o t h e unknown car-
tridge or case. Having found a good " f i t , " note
the applicable cartridge designation and the
corresponding index number. For further informa-
tion, refer t o section 111, part B, of this guide,
where data on t h e origin, characteristics, and use
of t h i s cartridge will be found by reference to its
index number.

c. For further i d e n t i f i c a t i o n , or i n case of

doubt, measure the cartridge case length as before;
in addition, measure the projectile diameter, if
one i s present, and the case diameters at the fol-
lowing points: Urn (the rearmost diameter of the
c a r t r i d g e caae), caee head (or belt, for belted
cartridges), and case mouth. Using the caliber and
case length as key dimensions, refer to the tabula-
t i o n of case dimensions in t a b l e I, section 111, to
find the cartridge designation with base type and
dimensions that m t c h the unknown c a r t r i d g e . The
dimensions i n this table are representative measure-
men ts ; individual cart ridges, and particularly
fired cases, may vary from the dimensions shown.
Although the projectile diameter should be very
close t o the indicated value, the case length may
vary by several millimeters from the dimensions
given, while diameters of the case may be up to
1 millimeter more or less than the figures shown.

3. Country and Year of Manufacture

a. Identification as to country of manufac-

ture must be based on several factors: The caliber
designation, the headstamp marking, i f present, and
any other markings t h a t may appear on the fuze, pro-
jectile, or cartridge case.

When the caliber designation has been

(1)
determined, the information provided for that
cartridge i n part 0, section 111, will suggest
 DST-1160G-514-82-VOL 2
13 September 1982

countries that could have manufactured t h e car-

tridge and elimtnate from consideration other
countries that for reasons of political allegiance,
or because of the year of production, could not
have produced it. Cartridges in calibers used by
the Soviet Union may be assumed with a very high
degree of probability to have been produced w i t h i n
t h e Eurasian Communist countries (ECC), while cat-
tridges in use in the Western countries can w i t h
equal probability be attributed to a non-Communist
country. Exceptions to this general rule exist,
but such cartridges can be identified from their
.
ma rkf ngs

( 2 ) The headstamp marking, taken together

with other markings that may be present, provides
further identification; the t y p e of alphabet and
t h e words and abbreviations used can be compared
w i t h the information presented in s e c t i o n IV of
this guide on characteristic cartridgemarkings
practices of the major c a r t ridge-producing
countries (and also with the headstamp and markings
data in v o l I).

b. The year o f production is u s u a l l y (but not

always) given in t h e headstamp marking. It a l s o
appears frequently in stamped or stenciled loC
number markings that may be found on the cartridge,
projectile, or fuze. The year may be indicated by
a two-digit or four-digit number, in non-Western
numerals (oriental or Arabic*), or in a letter
code. Examples of these markings are given in
section IV-

*Except for t h e numerals 1 and 9, the "Arabic"

numerals used by Western countries do n o t equate t o
those used by Arabic-speaking, and some other,
countries (see sec ZV, para 4 ) .
 DST-1160G-514-82-VOL 2
13 Se y tember 1982

from cmarkings o r color coding that ace correct for

and applicable t o i t s country of o r i g i n and year of
manufacture. Even projectiles that follow t h e
US/NATO c o l o r marking system and are identified by
t h e blue projectile body as practice t y p e s may con-
t a i n a spotting charge or other functional element
t h a t presents some degree of hazard.

b. If any q u e s t i o n exists as to the safety of

a projectile or cartridge, it must be c o n s i d e r e d as
p o s s i b l e WE-loaded and thus hazardous, and ref erred
to an explosive ordnance disposal (EOD) unit or to
some o t h e r qualified agency for determination of
i t s type and hazard. An X-ray examination by an
activity qualified t o do t h i s work will provide
information on a projectile's internal construction
t h a t may a i d in its identification and i n d i c a t e the
degree of hazard t h a t attends its handling; how-
ever, an X-ray examination alone w i l l n o t indicate
t h e specific t y p e of filler.

c- Removal of an unidentified projectile from

its cartridge case, or its disassembly, is hazard-
ous and must not be attempted by unauthorized per-
sonnel *

d. Explosive projectiles that have been fired

and have f a i l e d t o function are especially hazard-
ous, since the f u z e may be armed and sensitive to
shock or jarring- T h i s i s true even of f i x e d pro-
jectiles of World War I1 vintage. Fired pro jec-
t i l e s can be recognized by the r i f l i n g marks
engraved into the rotating band. Such projectiles
should be left in place, marked or guarded, and
reported immediately t o police or EOD personnel for
disposition. If any question whatever e x i s t s as to
i t s hazard, the projectile should be considered
dangerous and reported.

21
(Reverse Blank)
 DST-1160G-514-82-VOL 2
13 September 1982

SECTION I11

CARTRIDGE IDENTIF XCATION DATA

Cart ridge-case outlines are presented in thLs sec-

tion in sequence of case length, as i n d i c a t e d by
the second element of the metric designation.
These drawings w i l l be found particularly useful
f o r identifying fired cartridge caees with dented
or deformed mouths, which may prevent ready mea-
surement of the caselnouth diameter.

2. Use

Because o f space limitations, the outline drawings

are reduced in scale. Cartridge cases 200 nun and
less in length are shown a t 75% of full s i z e , while
cases over 200 mm in length are shorn at 45% of
full size. Provided that the case length is known
and t h e cartridge caliber can be e~timated, t h e s e
drawings can be used for a rapid preliminary identi-
f ication from t h e case proportions, shoulder taper,
and cartridge base type; t h i s identification will
frequently suffice when there i s l i t t l e likelihood
o f confusion between cartridge types. A tentative
identification can be confirmed by reference t o the
dimensional data that appear in t a b l e I, following
the outline drawings. Further iaformation and
background data on the cartridge's o r i g i n and
development, and weapons tn which i t is used,
appear in part B of s e c t i o n 111. The index nuaber
that appears on each cartridge-case drawing can be
used to locate a s p e c i f i c cartridge in t a b l e f. or
i n section 111, part B e
DST-1160G-514-82-VOL 2
13 September 1982
 DST-1160G-514-82-VOL 2
13 September 1982

20x72RB
Index No. Index No.
1 2
DST-l160G-514-82-VOL 2
13 September 1982
 DST-l l6OG-514-82-VOL 2
13 September 1982

30197B
lrdtx We,
20x91 2dr99ff
36
IrJex Ma. lndtx No.
4 5

f
<- I
DST-1 L60G-514-82-VOL 2
13 September 1982

20x102 20x1058
lnder No.
lndex Ma. lndex No.
6
8
DST-1160G-5 14-82-VOL 2
13 September 1982

20x111
kdex Wo.
10
DST-1160G-514-82-VOL 2
13 September 1982

31x112R
Imdex No. lrlex No.
48 12
 DST-1160G-514-82-VOL 2
13 September 1982

30x1t 38
ladax Wo.
37
DST-lL6OG-514-82-VOL 2
13 September 1982
DST-1160G-514-82-VOL 2
13 September 1982
DST-1160G-514-82-VOL 2
13 September 1982

2511137
I n k Ha.
26
 DST-1160G-514-52-VOL 2
13 September 1982

21x138 201139
Index Nr. Index Me.
25 18
DST-ll6OG-514-82-VOL 2
13 September 1982

4BX143R
Index No.
72
DST-11606-514-82-VOL 2
13 September 1902
DST-1160G-514-82-VOL 2
13 September L982

Index No,
52
~ST-1160G-5Lb-82-VOL 2
13 September 1982
DST-1160G-514-82-VOL 2
13 September 1982
 DST-1 l6OG-514-82-VOL 2-CHG 1
30 August 1985

30x165
Index No.
77

40.1
(Reverse Blank)
 25x165 37xl66R
lndex No. lndex No.
27 54
13 September 1982

30X113
Indax Wo.
12
DST-1160G-514-82-VOt 2
t 3 September 1982
DST-ll6OG-514-82-VOL 2
1 3 September 1982

28MR
hdcx No.
32
 30 August 1985

Index No.
78

44.1

(Reverse Blank)
13 September 1982
DST-1160G-5 16-82-VOL 2
13 September 1982

* \

37x2021
Index No.
56
DST-116s-5 14-82-VOL 2
13 September 1982
DST-1 l6OG-5 14-82-VOL 2
13 September 1982

35 r 228
Irder No.
16
DST-1160G-514-82-VOL 2
13 September 1982

34x240
Index No.
45A
DST-1160G-514-82-VOL 2
13 September 1982

, 37X253SR
Index No. hdex No.
60 62

t
I
 DST-L160G-514-82-VOL 2
13 September 1982

I
1

iI
I

37X258R 37x267R
M a x No. lsdex We.
63 65

t 1
DST-1 l6OG-514-82-~OL 2
13 September 1982

37X303R
lrdtr No.
67
DST-116%-514 -82-VOt 2
13 September 1982
13 September 1982
 DST-1160G-514-82-VUL 2
13 September 1982

3. Dimensional Data

a. T a b l e 1 p r o v i d e s dimensional d a t a on each
of the cartridges covered in t h i s guide- Car-
t r i d g e s are listed in order of t h e i r increasing
caliber and by increasing case length within cali-
ber. The index number a i d s i n rapid cross-indexing
between the case outline drawings and the cartridge
reference data in paragraph 2.

beDimensions indtcated in table I for "rim

diameter" and "head/belt dLameter" are measured at
points A and B r e s p e c t i v e l y , as shown in f ipure 6 .

RlMMtD
CARIRIDGL CASE

Neg. 524948
Figure 6. Location of R i m and Head Measurements
13 September 1982
 +Table I. 20- t o 40-mm Cartridge Data
(Dimensions are in Millimeters) (Cont h u e d )

I 1 C o r t r i d p ease d i m e n s f o m I
Projectile Country

R(m1e.m
Belted
2
length diameter

32.2
28.3
haurrelct Cartridge
diameter len~th

(belt)
Rialem8 28.5 Svitcerlnd
Rirlcm 33.4 Jspn
Rimed 25.6 Sweden
Rimed 42.6 Sweden
Ridem 29 -0 Denmark
RIUILPBB 26.9 LTSSR
sel tcd 34.6 USSR
(belt)
Rfnleoa 32 .L Switzerland
Rimlemr 35 .o Sultzerlond,U!
Rialear, 43.0 Frame
Rimed 42.7 Frenee
Semi - 36 -9 USSR
rimed
Ridera 38.4
 +Table I. 20- t o 40-mm Cartridge Data
(Dimensions are in Millimeters) (Continued)

- Cart r l d ~ ecame dlmcnrians

Index

-
We.

30
besi@n~ t
ion Came type

M ~ l e l l
..-

-
Caae
length

211.7
Rim
diamct er

3B .B
Shoulder
diameter 1Mouth
iirmetcr
Projectile
hnurrelet C a r t r i d g
diameter length
Primer
type
Country
of o r i g i n
Or wee'

USSR
j
31 Eel t e d 145 .O 34.5 Uest C e m a n y
32 Rimed t87.9 42 -3 Germany
33 Semf- 198.5 L1.5 United S t a t e s
rimed
3 3A Belted 21) -5 36.0
(belt)
34 Bcl red 86.0 33.7
(belt)
35 Rcbs ted 89-91 12.4
36 Pelted 96.1 33.8
(belt)
37 Oel ted 112.0 33.8 Prance,
(belt) lJn1 t c d 10
Kingdom
38 Rlmlesa 113.5 38.0 Japan
39 Ridel6 122.2 38.4 Japan
40 Belted 155.0 4: . 5 USSR
(bit)
77 Rimleas 165.0 39.9 11SSR I
41 RJdesa 170.0 82.9 Sul t r e r l n n d i
 Table I. 20- t o 40-mm Cartridge Data
(Dimensions are in Millimeters) (Continued)

-
- -
Cartridge ca8e dimenmioru
- Pro j C C t i L Country
Index MI Shoulder Mouth burrelet C.rtrld&e Primer of o t l g i n
No.
- Deaigaat
-. ..
1011
..-
Cart type diameter
- - diameter diameter diaaeter - or U*P
-
Note.

42 30x173 Rimlees 44.0 44.0 Sui t r 4 r h n d , U: 11,12

43 30x1858 Be1tad 33.0 39.5 ccrmlay 13
(belt)
44 N x Z l OB Bel tcd 46.0 47.5 USSR
(belt)
45 30x210 Ilimlerrm 68.0 48.0 Caccho-
rlwakla
15A 34x240 a i m lee@ 07.9 47.9 Suit acrhnd
46 35x228 RiaLes~ 54.6 55.0 Swltterland I4
47 37x93R Rlmmcd 44.0 10.1 United Stmtem I4
C8 37x1 L2k Rimmed 17.0 46.0 Japaa
C9 37x133R Kioaed 47.0 43.2 kpen
50 3711 3 1 ~ Rimmed 45.0 39.4 United S w t t r
(I-pdr USN)
51 37x145 Rialem8 13.5 43.2 Japan
52 37xl45R Rimed 45.0 PI. 5 U n i t e d Statem 16
53 31x155 Rialess 45.9 C5.7 USS#
54 37xl66R RL mcd 54.0 49.6 Japan
5) 37x195 Rlalees 54.4 54.4 USSR
 Table 1. 20- to 40-mm Cartridge Data
(Dimensions are in Millimeters) (Continued)

Cart ridge case dimc~anlonw

Country
Care Rim ~ c w b d t Shoulder Pr iotr of orlglo
Len&rh diameter diameter diameter tYpc or UUC

511.0 53.5 ltdy

51.7 50.0 United Stmtem

55.6 50.0 Uaited Stater

51.5 50.0 1ta1y
51.5 46.0 Gatp.ny
54.0 49.6 Japm
52.0 46.0 USSR
56.1 19.9 . Polmd,
Sweden
66.8 18.6
(hit)
47.1 4P. 0 Catcho-
slouskt.
1 t Franca
50.3 06.8 United Statem
 20- t o 4o-mm Cartridge Data
T a b l e I.
(Dimensions are in Millimeters) (Continued)

Cartridge case dimenmion&

- Projectilr
R1. b a d /ldt Shoulder Mouth bowrelet Primer
diameter diameter diameter diematar d h r e t c r t Y*

armed 36.1

R i d 57.9
Seri- 63.5
rl e d
Seal- 43.5
ri r e d
Biucd 7 Italy
Riad 48.1 United
Kiqdar
I U d 57. s Unitcd
ILIn8dt-m

llLmed 62.0
R i d 65.0
 NOTES
0 P
Electric-ptirned as well as percussion-primed cartridps were used by Germany in World War 11; electric-primed cases are identified ~d P
by a brass-clad stcel cartridge case instead of lacquered steel, and by the electric primer, !4?odelP-2.
I
Electric-primed cartrid~erare used only in US M24 and M24Al guns; percudon-primed cartridges are used in the US M3 gun. and g
-
LA
in dl HispaneSuiza HS 404 and HS 804 guns. fl
)-L
*1
k'

rOQ)
Differences in c a e dimensions and in performance prevent interchangeability of electric-primed 20%110 cartridges for M Z k r i e s a, N
y n s and Mk 11 and Mk 12 guns. "?:
Cartridges for the Lahti 20x1 13 aircraft gun, the Swedish 20x145R antiaircraft (AA) gun, and for Madsen 2Wmm md 23mm
8
N
automatic guns, have an exceptionally thick extracting rim, approximately 4 mm thick.

The cartridge u s e has a blow-out venturi in its baw ,for use in recoilless rifler.

Cartridges for obsolete VYa aircraft guns and for tank dubcaliber guns have brass cases Cartridges for ZU-23 and ZSU-234 AA
gLlns have steel cases. Despite their dimensirml similarity, the steel-case and bnmcase cartridges are not functionally
interchangeable.

The 25x1 37-mm cartridp case has an annular link-positioning goove located 98.5 mm from the bar of the case.

Also made in a rimlets version for a semiwtomatic ultitank (AT) gun.

In postwar trials with improved revolvcratype cannon based on the Mouser MK-213 design, the United States produced
experimental cartridge caws in lengths from 86 m m to 126.5 mm. Two typcr were produced in quantity: the 30x100B case for
thc WECOM 30 gun and the 30~126.58cartridges for TI82 and T212 guns. {Sce rable Vi for data an US experimental 3bmm
belted cartridges.)
Curridge cases for the United Kingdom's ADEN gun are of brass, with identification data stamped in the bottom of the
extraction groove. Cases for DEFA guns are of steel, normafly lacquered. The United Statcs is developing alutninum-cased
30xl13B c;utridges chat will be compatible with ADEN and DEFA guns.
Cartridges for Oerlikon 304RK (KCA) guns are all elecrric-primed, with lacquered steel or anodized aluminum cases. Thk
cartridg case has also been used by the United States in GAL! 8A and GAU 9A gun system trials. US-made cases arc anodized
aluminum, with tlecnic primers for the GAL! 9A gun and percussion primers for the GAD 8 A gun. Percussion-primed 30x173
cartridges are not interchanvable with 30x 170 cilrrrides.
A shiiarcarttidge, but with a longer case neck and a case length of 3.78 mm to 180 mm, w s made by Oertikon in 1953-1954 for
the 302RK aircraft gun. This gun and ammunition were nor produced in significant numbers; the 302RK was soon replaced by
the 304RK gun.

Cartridges for the German World War I1 aircraft gun MK 101 have percussion primer C/33:cartridges for thc MK 103 gun usc
electric primer C/23. Cartridgs can be distinguished by the stamped model dcsipation on the primer; they are otherwise
identical but, b e c w x of the primer, not interchangeable.
The 35x228 cartridge3 far Oerlikon KDA, GDP (SPF-21, and GDM-C guns have an annu1;u link-positioning groove in the cartridge
case, 176 mm from the base, to accommodate the feed belt used with these guns. Cartridges for othet gun models do not have
this groove. Cartridges are otherwise identical, and cartridges with link-positsoning may be used in any model gun chambered for
this cartridge. U
~n
e
Scverd similar foreign urtridges were made. none of which is now in use. Among these wcrc a German MI897 howitzer I
cartridge; the French World War I 37\85 cartridge, with a case length of 94.5 mrn, which L reported to be interchangeable with r r
WQ\
the US cartridge; and a similar World War I Italian cartridge, designated 37120.6, 0
V,C:
Also used in the now-obsolete US 1.457-inch subcaliber gun, Model 1918. (P I
'F1 yl
fl F
Cartridges for the German World War XI 3.7-ern PAK (AT gun) have percussion primer C113 or Cl33; cartridges for thc 3.7-em m
KWK (tank gun) use electric primer C(23. Cartridges can be distinguished by the stamped model designation o n the primer. The B I
co
car tridgcs are otherwise identic4 but, because af the primer, not interchangeable. ID N
rc 1
Also made and used by Germany during World War 11. *c
<
mr'
DST-1160G-514-82-VOL 2
13 September 1982

4. Cartridge Reference Data

a. This paragraph p r e s e n t s information on t h e

development, service use, and weight and muzzle
v e l o c i t y of the cartridges l i s t e d in t a b l e L.

b. It is emphasized that t h i s guide is

l i m i t e d t o the identif icatfon of cartridges based
on the basis of physical characteris tics. Dimen-
sional s i m i l a r i t y does n o t imply and will n o t
ensure that a cartridge can be safely fired in, o r
will properly function in, any weapon other than an
appropria teLy chambered weapon designed t o Fire
that cartridge.
 DST-1160G-514-82-VOL 2
13 September 1982

Index No. 1 2Ox72RB

Other Designations: 20- Oerlikon Type FF;

20-mm Japanese Type 99, Mark 1.

The 20x72 Rt3 cartridge was developed in the 1920s

from a similar cartridge with a slightly shorter
case that w a s used in the German-designed Becker
automatic gun late in World War 1- This cartridge
was used by the successor t o the Seebach firm,
Werkzeug and Maschinenfabrik Oerlikon, in their
Type FF afrcraft gun in the 1930s and a l s o in t h e
Oerlikon SSG (Schweres Selbs t ladegewehr) ant L tank
rifle. During World War 11, Japan also made the
same cartridge for use in an Oerlikon-type naval
aircraft gun, Type 99 Mark 1. The gun and
cartridge were obsolete by the end of the war and
have not been manufactured since that time.

Characteristics:

Cartridge weight ......... 187-200 g

Projectile weight
Muzzle velocity
........ 125-142 g
.......... 550 m/s
DST-1160C-514-82-VOL 2
13 September 1982

Index No. 2 2Ox8ORB

Other Designation: 20-mm Oerlikon Type FFM.

T h i s cartridge was developed by the Oerlikon firm

before World War 11 for use in the Type FFM air-
craft gun, as an improvement over the Type FF gun
and cartridge- Switzerland also used t h i s car-
tridge i n the SSG antitank r i f l e . During World
War 11, Germany a l s o made and used t h i s cartridge
in Oerlikon guns. Except for production of 20x80RB
cartridges in Spain in 1953, these guns and t h i s
cartridge have not been reported in use since the
close of World War 11.

Characteristics:
-.....

Cartridge weight
Projectile weight
........
....... 210 g
113-130 g
Muzzle velocity ......... 575-600 m/s
 DST-116OG-514-82-VOL 2
13 September 1982

Sndex No. 3 20x82

Other Designations: 2-cm Mauser; 2-cm FLAK 38; 20-

MG 151/20*

This cartridge was designed by Mauser before World

War II for use in a 2-cm wheeled antitank gun, as
w e l l as the 201mm MG 15L/20 aircraft gun and a
20- AA gun, designated FLAK 38. These weapons
and ammunition were made and used by Germany during
World War 11, w h i l e Japan made and used bath
aircraft and AAguna in t h i s caliber. The
MG 151/20 gun was made and used by France until. the
early 1970s. Cartridges are s t i l l produced in t h i s
caliber by the French firm b r h i n ; them car-
tridges can be recognized by the brass case and t h e
French-s t yle heads tamp.

Characteristics:

Cartridge weight
Projectile w i g h t
........
....... 205g
112-120 g
......... 720 m/s
Muzzle v e l o c i t y
DST-1160G-5 14-82-VOL 2
13 September 1982

Index No. 4 20x94

Other Designation: 2 0 - m Japanese HO-5 aircraft gun.

Used in the World War 11 Japanese H0-5 aircraft

gun, which was based on a Browning design, this
cartridge may have a HE1 or AP-T projectile.

The Ma-202 fuzeless HE1 p r o j e c t i l e , with a PETN

charge under the thin brass nose cap, is especially
hazardous. The projectile can be recognized by the
characters 0=(202) stenciled on t h e black
projectile body. This gun and cartridge were
obsolete at the war's end.

Cartridge weight
Projectile weight
........
....... 212-254 g
78-120 g
......... 800 m/s (est)
Huzzle v e l o c i t y
 DST-1160G-514-82-VOL 2-CHG 1
30 August 1985

+Index No. 5

Other Designation: 20-mm ShVAK aircraft gun.

Made only by the USSR, this straight-case cartridge

was d e v e l o p e d early in World War 11 f o r the ShVAK
aircraft machinegun. HEI-T projectiles may have a
K-6 or an A-20 PD fuze; cartridges w i t h API
projectiles were also produced. The gun h a s been
obsolete in Soviet service s i n c e the early 1950s,
but t h e cartridge is s t i l l in use for subcaliber
training w i t h t h e 122-rmn howitzer, M-30 and M1938.

Characreristics:

Cartridge wefght
P r o j e c t i l e weight
........
....... 182
97g
g

Muzzle v e l o c i t y ......... 860 m/s

DST-1160G-514-82-VOL 2-CHG I
30 August 1985

Index No. 6

Other Designations: 20-mm Oerlikon Type FFL;

20-mm Japanese Type 9 9 , Mark 2

The 20xl01RB cartridge was developed by Oerlikon

before World War 11 for use in the Type FFL air-
craft gun. During World War 11, Japan produced a
copy of t h f s gun, designated the Type 99 Mark 2
aircraft gun, for naval use. Japan used both Swiss-
made and Japanese-ntade ammunition in t h i s caliber.
T h i s gun and cartridge have not been reported i n
use since t h e close of World War 11.

Characterfstics:

Cartridge weight
Projectile w e i g h t
...... 120-132
......... 2 18-22s g
g
Muzzle velocity ..,...... 670-700 m/s
 DST-1160G-514-82-VOL 2-CHG 1
30 August 1985

Index No. 8 2Ox105B

Other Designations : 20-mm S 18-100; 20-mm MG-204;

20-mm S h o r t Solothurn.

T h i s cartridge was developed in Switzerland during

t h e 1930s by the Solothurn firm f o r the S 18-100
antitank r i f l e , which saw service in the Russo-
Finnish war of 1939. The cartridge was a l s o used
in the Solothurn S 12-100 a i r c r a f t gun and during
World W a r I1 in t h e Rheinmetall-designed MG 204,
which was used on German seaplanes. I t a l y and
Hungary ( a s well as S w i t z e r l a n d , Germany, and
probably Finland) produced this cartridge during
World War TI.

The gun and cartridge have been o b s o l e t e s i n c e t h e

close of World War 11.

Characteristics : Not a v a i l a b l e
~~T-1160G-514-82-VOL2-CHG 1
30 August 1985

Other Designations: 20-arm Oerlikon Type "S"; 20-nnn

Oerlikon Mk 2 , Mk 3 , or Mc 4 ;
2-cm FLAK M28/29 Oerl.

This, the most powerful of t h e Oerlikon rebated-

base 20-nrm cart ridges, was developed before World
War TI for t h e Type " S " AA gun. Oerlikon guns
f f r i n g t h i s cartridge have been used by many
countries, including (during World War 11) the
United Kingdom, Germany, and the United States, in
the Mr 4 naval gun. T h i s gun and its cartridge
have been obsolete in the US service since the
close of world War TI but have remained in use
elsewhere. In addition to Gemany, the U n i t e d
Kingdom, and the United S t a t e s , 20xllORB cartridges
have been made in Australia, Belgium, Canada,
Egypt, France, Hungary, Italy, Switzerland, S p a i n ,
and Yugoslavia. The cartridge is s t i l l l i s t e d as
a v a i l a b l e from producers in E g y p t , Greece, Italy,
and Yugoslavia.

Characteristics :

Catttldge
Projectile
............... 232-250
weight ....... 120-135
g
g
Muzzle v e l o c i t y......... 830-900 m/s
 DST-1160G-514-82-V02I 2-CHG 1
30 August 1985

Index No. 10 20x110

O t h e r Designations: 20-mm Hispano-Suiza HS 404 ;

20-mm Hispano-Suiza HS 804;
2 ~ - mfor M3 gun; 20-nnn for
M24 gun (M24A1).

This cartridge was developed by t h e Swiss firm

Hispano-Suiza during the 19308 as a percussion-
f i r e d cartridge for the HS 404 and HS 804 aircraft
and AA guns.

During World War 11, both the U n i t e d States and the

U n i t e d Kingdom used Hispano-Suiza a i r c r a f t guns and
made cartridges in this caliber; the US-made gun
was d e s i g n a t e d M3.

This cartridge is still in wide cse; in addition to

Switzerland, Sweden, Yugoslavia, t h e United States ,
and t h e United Kingdom, thfs cartridge has been
made by Egypt, France, Israel, I t a l y , Spain, and
other countries,

In the postwar period, the United S t a t e s d e v e l o p e d

and provided an electric-primed version of t h i s
cartridge f o r the M24 and M24A1 a i r c r a f t guns.
This variant t y p e , which normally has the word
"ELECTRIC" stenciled on the cartridge base, will
not function in percussion-fired weapons. The
electric-primed case can be recognized b y the
i n s u l a t i n g r i n g t h a t surrounds the primer cup. The
20x110 cartridge has been replaced in US service by
the 20x102 and 20x110 USN cartridges.

Characteristics:

Cartridge weight
P r o j e c t i l e wef ght
........
..... 252-263
,. 125-140
g

Muzzle v e l o c i t y .........820-880
g
m/s
 DST- 1160G-514-82-VOL 2-CHG 1
30 August 1985

+Index No. 11 -, 20x110 USN

Other Designation: 20-mm Mk 100 Series.

This electric-primed cartridge was developed by the

US Navy after World War 11 for use in Hk 11 and
Mk 1 2 naval a i r c r a f t guns. The cartridges are f re-
quent ly termed "Mk 100 Series" because cart ridges
In t h i s c a l i b e r carry desfgnations Mk 101 through
Mk 109. The 20x110 USN cartridge reportedly is
made and used by Argentina. Japan has developed an
APDS cartridge for use in t h e 20-mm Vulcan AA gun
system.

The 20x110 USN cartridge has the same base diameter

as the 20x102 cartridge but a d i f f e r e n t case l e n g t h
and contour; it is not interchangeable w i t h any
other 20x110 cartridge, The guns and cartridge are
currently in use.

Characteristics :

Cartridge weight
Projectile w e i g h t
........
....... 268 g
110 g
......... 1012
Muzzle v e l o c i t y m/8
 DST-1160G-514-82-VOL 2-CHG 1
30 August 1985

Index No. f 2

Other Designation: 2~-mm L a h t i .

Developed in F f n l a n d for the 20-mm Lahti aircraft

cannon, which was used in t h e 1939 Russo-Finnish
war, t h i s cartridge saw very l i m i t e d use. It
resembles t h e Danish Madsen cartridge in having an
exceptionally t h i c k case rim but d i f f e r s i n case
length.

Characteristics : Not available

 DST-116OG-514-82-VOL 2-CHG I
30 August 1985

Y I n d e x No. 13

Other Designation: 20-mm Madsen.

Developed in Denmark in t h e 1920s and used in t h e

Dansk I n d u s t r i Syndfkat's Madsen 20-mm automatic
guns M38 (drum-fed) and a i r c r a f t gun M40 ( b e l t -
fed), t h e gun and i t s ammunition were used by
Germany to a l i m i t e d e x t e n t in 'World War 11, Some
use in other countries in postwar years up t o 1950
is reported. Cartridges were produced in the
United Kingdom before and after World W a r I1 by
Imperial Chemical I n d u s t r i e s (Kynoch); before t h e
war by Switzerland, Denmark, and F h l a n d ; and
before and during the war by Germany. This
cartridge can be recognized by its unusually t h i c k
case rftn.

Characteristics:

API-T HE-T (SD)

Cartridge weight
Projectile weight
...,.-..
....... 340 g
154 g
312 g
127.5 g
...-..-.. m / s
Muzzle v e l o c i t y 790 815 m/s
 DST-1160G-514-82-VOL 2
13 September 1982

Index No. 14 20x124

Other Designations: 201m 3apane8e Type 97; 20-mm

Japanese NO-1, HO-3.

This cartridge was developed by Japan for use in

the Type 97 AT rifle introduced in 1937. The same
cartridge case was used with other projectiles in
the ii0-1 (flexible) and HO-3 (fixed) aircraft gune.
A 20x124 aircraft gun cartridge t h a t must be
handled with caution i e the H E I , Type Ma 201, which
contains under the thin nose cap a charge of the
PETN explosive t h a t detonates if the nose cap is
crushed- The projectile is identified by the black
steel projectile body w i t h a red band t o the rear
of the boutrelet, and an unmarked brass nose cap.
The characters
projectile body.
= -o (201) are etenciled on the

Characteri stice:

Cartridge weight
Projectile weight
........ 133-156
30P322
g
g

Muzzle velocity . . . . - - . . a 762 m / s

DST-1160G-5 14-82-VOL 2
13 September 1982

Index No. 15

Other Designation: 20-arm "Davy Crockett" spotter.

Developed in the early 1960s as a spotter cartridge

for the US "Davy Crockett" M28 light weapon system,
this cartridge fires a long fin-stabilized s p o t t e r
projectile through a smoothbore 20-mm gun mounted
under the primary weapon barrel. The cartridge
case contains a high-low pressure system t o ensure
r e l i a b l e i g n i t i o n while holding chamber pressure t o
a proper working level. The cartridge case has two
spanner wrench holes in the closing plug f n the car-
tridge base. A stenciled marking on the cartridge
case gives c a l i b e r and model designations: 20-nun
SPOTTER MfOl.

The projectile has an electric impact fuze that,

upon impact, produces flash and smoke of sufficient
intensity to be v i s i b l e at 2000 meters. The "Davy
Crockett" weapon system i s no longer in use.

Characteristics: Not available

 DST-1160G-514-82-VOL 2-CHC 1
30 August 1985

Other Designations: 20-mm Oerlikon RK 206; RK 251;

KAB (STG); KAA ( 2 0 4 GK).

Designed by t h e Swiss firm of Oerlikon-Buhrle in

the 1950s, t h i s cartridge is made in a percussion-
prfmed version for the 5TG and 204 GK ground guns
and in an electric-primed version for the now-
obsolete revolver-type aircraft guns RK 206 and
RK 251. Cartridges are identical except for the
type of ignition. In 1972, when Oerlfkon obtained
a controlling interest in Hispano-Suiza, t h e b e l t -
f e d 204 GK gun was redesignated KAA, and t h e
magazine-fed 5TG gun was redesignated KAB.
Cartridges are produced by the French firm of
Luchaire as w e l l as by Oerlikon. The Spanish firm
CRTMF:, located in Madrid, now produces electric-
primed cartridges in this caliber for the
multibarreled MEROKA AA gun.

Characteristics:

Cartridge weight
. ....
,..... 122-138
330-360 g

Muzz le velocity ......... 1085-1200 m/s

P r o j e c t i l e weight g
DST-1160G-514-82-VOL 2-CHG 1
30 August 1985

Index- No. 17

Other Designations: 2-cm Long Solothurn; 2-cm

Rheinmetall; 2-cm Lahti AT gun;
2-cm Breda; 2-cn FLAK 30/38.

Developed during the 1930s by the Swiss firm

Solothurn AG as an improvement over the 20x1053
cartridge, t h e 20xl38B has been used i n a variety
of AT guns and AA machineguns: The Swiss-designed
tank gun 818-1000 and AT gun 518-1100, Italfan
Breda AT and AA guns, the Finnish Lahti 20-mm
AT gun, and t h e Rheinmetall 2-em FLAK 30/38 AA gun.
Sweden used the Rheinmetsll AA gun and the Swiss
AT gun under t h e designation d 3 9 . Cartridges have
been produced in Switzerland, Sweden, Germany,
Finland, and (before 1 9 4 2 ) Greece; they are s t i l l
offered f o r sale by Yugoslavia and by Bombrini
Parodi-Delfino of I t a l y . Both brass-cased and
steel-caaed cartridges are known. Reportedly t h i s
cartridge I s currently manufactured i n Czechoslo-
vakia.

Characteristics:

Cartridge weight
Projectile weight
........
......- 320 g
148 g
Muzzle velocity . e m . m . . . . 860-900 m / s
 DST-1160C-514-82-VOL 2-CHG 1
30 August 1985

+Index No. 18

Other Designations: 20-mm Oerlikan KAI)

(RS 820 s e r i e s ) ;
20-mm Rh 202; 20-rmn Nl39.

Hispano-Suiza of Switzerland developed tk,is

cartridge at t h e close of World War IT to provide
improved performance over t h a t of the 20x110
Hi spano-Suiza cartridge. HS 820 guns were widely
marketed during the l.95Os, and ammunition improve-
ments have kept pace w i t h improved gun models. The
same cartridge has been adopted by France f o r 5112
M693 automatic gun, by Germany f o r the Rheinmetall
Rh 202 gun, and by t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s f o r t k ~ e 11139
gun. P r o j e c t i l e and fuze d e s i g n s , Z e s i g m t i o n s ,
and characteristics vary among the producing
countries. Cartridges in t h i s cbliber are a i s o
made i n t h e Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, an2
Greece.

In t h e pus twar p e r i o d , Hispano-Suiza developed a

23x139-mm cartridge, based on t h e 20x139-mm design,
for use in the 827C a i r c r a f t gun. This gun a ~ c !
ammunition were produced o n l y for testing, 2 t h e
1960s, the Mauser firm d e v e l o p e d a 23-mrn c a r t r i d g e
f o r the C-1 aircraft gun. Except for zhe Larger-
diameter projectile, t h e cartridge I s s i n i l ~ r i n
dimensions and case o u t l i n e to the 2GxL39-m
cartridge. No quantity production of t h i s 23-mm
cartridge is reported.

Characteristics:

Cartridge weight
Projectile weight
.......-
....... 317
120
g

Muzzle v e l o c i t y ......... 1100 g

m/s
DST-1160G-514-82-VOL 2-CHG 1
3 0 August 1985

Index No-. 19 20x142

Other Designation: 20- Japanese Type 98.

This cartridge was introduced in 1938 far Type 98

AA and AT guns. HE-T and AP-T projectiles are
known.

Characteristics :

...,....
............
Cartridge weight 396-423 g
Projectile w e i g h t
Muzzle velocity .,.,
129-156 g
830 m/s
 DST-1160G-514-82-VOL 2
1 3 September 1982

Index No. 20

Other Designations: 20-mm Bofors m/40;

20-mm Tubkanon .
This ammunition was developed by Bofors for the
2Cbmm Bofore drum-fed automatic gun, Model m/40,
and used also in the m 4 0 / 7 0 gun. While these guns
are obsolete, similar cartridges are used in
subcaliber 57-mm and 75-mm AT gun@ and vehicle-
mounted 7 5 - m and 105-m guns. This gun and
ammunitton were a l s o used by Denmark under t h e
designation M40S. Data shown are from a Danish
manual. Unlike other Bofors cartridges, this
cartridge has no annular groove in the cartridge
base for t h e Bofors feed c l i p -

HE-T(SD) -
HE-T -
AP-T

Cartridge weight
Projectile weight
....
... 310
145
g
g
300 g
136 g
300 g
136 g
Muzzle velocity ...... 815 m/s 845 m/s 845 m/s
UST-1160G-514-82-VOL 2
1 3 September 1982

Lndex No. 2 1

O t h e r Designations: 20- m/39.

The large yropelLant volume of t h i s cartridge

r e s u l t s from its use i n a recoilless AT gun
designated 111/42. This cartridge is identified by
i t s Large-diameter rim, measuring nearly 48 mm, and
by the b2owout disk in t h e cartridge base sur-
rounding t h e percussion primer- Both HE and Ap
pro jectlles were used- This gun and cartridge were
in use during the 1940s but are no longer i n
service.

Characteristics:

Cart ridge weight

Projectile weight
........ 520-540 g
115-136 g
.........
hluzzle v e l o c i t y
. 6 . . . . 6

950 m/s
 DST-1160G-514-82-VOL 2-CHG 1
30 August 1985

Index No. 22

Other Designation: 23-mm Madsen.

T h i s c a r t r i d g e , developed in Denmark in the 1930s

f o r t h e 23 mm Madsen a i r c r a f t gun used in the
Fokker n-21 aircraft, is reported to have been used
in the 1939 Russo-Finnish war. Cartridges were
made in Denmark and in the United Kingdom by
Imperial Chemical I n d u s t r i e s , Ltd. (Kynoch). The
gun and cartridge have been obsolete since the mid-
1940s.

Characteristics:

Cartridge weight
P r o j e c t i l e weight
........
....... 174
341 g
g
Xuzzle v e l o c i t y ......... 720 m/s
 ~~T-1160G-514-82-V0L2-CHG 1
30 August 1985

+Index No. 23

Other Designatfons: 23-m NR/NS 23; 23-nun AM-23;

Chinese Types 2 , 2H, and 2K

T h i s standard Soviet aircraft gun cartrfdge (also

made in Czechoslovakia, Egypt, China, and Romania)
is used in three gun systems: M / N s 23, AM-23, and
GSh-23. Both HE1 and API loadings have been
reported. Although dimensionally similar, cat-
trfdges for AM-23 and GSh-23 guns d i f f e r in their
loading and are not functionally interoperable with
NR/NS-23 cartridges. AM-23 and GSh-23 cartridges
are identified by a white band around the projec-
tile body,

All 23x1 15 cartridges have percussion-pri med brass

cases, They can be identified by the cartridge
head stamp.

Characterf stics:

Cartridge weight
Projectile weight
........
....... 321-345 g
174-200 g
Muzzle velocity ,........ 690-740 m/s
 DST-1160G-514-82-VOL 2-CHG 1
3 0 August 1 9 8 5

+Index No. 24

Other Designations: 23-rani ZU-23; ZSU-23-4; 23-mm

VYa aircraft gun.

This cartridge was developed by t h e Soviet Union

for use in the World War 11 VYa aircraft gun. When
this gun was replaced by t h e 23x115 N R ~ N S a i r c r a f t
gun, the excellent performance of t h e 23x1528 V Y a
cartridge l e d to i t s further development as a high-
perf omance cart ridge for the ZU-23 and ZSU-23-4
AA gun systems.

While very similar in dimensions, the steel-cased

Z U l Z S U cartridges are not functionally inter-
operable with the brass-case VYa cartridge. The
latter, however, has continued in production f o r
use in tank subcaliber guns. Steel-cased Z U ~ Z S U
cartridges are made in Egypt and are a l s o produced
in Bulgaria.

Characteristics:

Cartridge weight
Projectile weight
.........
...... 437-450
183-192 g
g

Muzzle velocity ........ . 930-1000 m/s

TET-1160G-514-82-VOL 2-CHG 1
30 August 1985

Index No. 25

Other Designation: 24-mm TkB, K-38.

Introduced by Switzerland in 1938 for t h e S w i s s

Tankbuchse (tank gun) Model K-38, t h i s gun was
probably withdrawn from service during the 1940s.
HE and AT cartridges were made. Ammunition i s ,
however, still reportedly manufactured for
subcaliber use.

Characteristics:

Cartridge weight ........

....... 460 g
Projectile weight
Muzzle velocfty ......... m/s 225 g
900
 DST-1160G-5L4-82-VOL 2-CHG 1
30 August 1 9 8 5

Other Designations: 25-mm Oerlikan Type KBA; Mauser

Model E; US M 2 4 2 and GAU-12A.

Introduced by Oerllkon in the 1960s, t h i s high-

performance cartridge can be recognized by the
annular link-posi t ioning groove l o c a t e d 98.5 mrn
from t h e base of the s t e e l cartridge c a s e . This
groove disappears when the c a r t r i d g e is f i r e d hut
leaves an impression on t h e case. H E - APDS-T,
and multipurpose p r o j e c t i l e s are a v a i l a b l e . In
a d d i t i o n to Switzerland, 25x137-mm c a r t r i d g e s a r e
produced by Manurhin (France), Rauf oss (Norway),
and DeKruithoorn ( N e t h e r l a n d s ) .

The cartridge is used in Oerlikon's Model KBA gun.

The U n i t e d S t a t e s has a d o p t e d this cartridge for
use in t h e M 2 4 2 Rushmaster automatic gun. US
cartridge designations are M791 (APDS-T) and M792
(HEX-T). The 25x173-mrn is under evaluation f o r
consideration a s NATO s t a n d a r d .

Characteristics: 2

-
HE -T .APDS-T
Cartridge wef ght
Projectile weight
....... 502 g
180 g
435 g
105 g
Muzzle velocity ..... 1100 m / s 1463 m / s
DST-1160G-514-82-VOL 2-CHG 1
30 August 1985

Index No. 27

Other Designation: 25-arm Hotchkiss AA gun.

This cartridge was developed by France during the

1930s for use in a Hotchkiss-designed automatic
AA gun* During World War 11, Japan produced a
naval version of t h i s gun, designated the Type 96
Model 2 AA and AT automatic cannon. Cartridges are
similar t o French-made ammunition, but French and
-
Japanese cartridges are not interoperable due t o
minor differences in cart ridge-case dimensions.
HE, HE-T, HE1 (white phosphorus), and AP projec-
t i l e s are known. The gun and ammunition have been
obsolete since t h e close of World War 11.

Characteristics :

Cartridge weight
Projectile weight
...-.... 687 g
252 g
Muzzle velocity .....-...
m..,...

905 m/s
 DST-1160G-514-82-VOL 2-CHG 1
30 August 1985

+Index No. 28

Other Designation: 25-nrm Hotchkiss AT.

Used in the French-made 25-m Model 37 Hotchkiss-

Puteaux SaAoL. AT gun, t h i s cartridge w a s in
service d u r i n g t h e initial stages of World War I1
but was not produced after the war. Aside from an
AT c a r t r i d g e , a HEAT projectile, which weighs 2 kg
and is thus an over-caliber p r o j e c t i l e propelled by
a blank c a r t r i d g e , is reported t o have been used.
A rimless version of t h i s cartridge was a l s o
produced for a semiautomatic AT gun.

Characteristics: (AP cartridge)

Cartridge w e i g h t
Projectile weight
........ 861-875
.....,. 320 g
g

......... 900-960 m/
Muzzle v e l o c i t y s
 DSP-1160C-514-82-VOL 2-CHG 1
30 August 1985

+Index No. 29

Other Designation: 25-mm Soviet AA gun, M1940.

This cartridge, which has dimensions very close to

those o f t h e Swedish 25-mm Bofors L/64 cartridge
that: was adopted in 1933, d i f f e r s in having three
rotating bands; the rearmost band is i n s e r t e d into
the cartridge-case mouth, which is then crimped
just to t h e rear of the mlddle rotating band.
Dimensions of the S o v i e t cartridge case were scaled
from a drawing and may vary from those g i v e n in
table 1. The c a r t r i d g e s , which are f e d from seven-
round Bofors-type c l i p s , have an annular groove in
the cartridge base, similar t o the Soviet 37x253SR
cartridge. HEX-T projectiles w i t h A-23 fuzes,
Index YP3P-132 (UOZR-132), and AP-T projectiles,
Index Y3P-132 (UZR-132), are reported; these
designations are stenciled on t h e cartridge case.
These three-band projectiles were a l s o used in
25x219 cartridges for a S o v i e t naval & gun.
I The
25x205SR cartridge was used in the Soviet t o w e d
AA gun, ML940. The gun and cartridges were
obsolete i n t h e Soviet service a f t e r t h e close of
World War I1 but may s t i l l be in use in o u t l y i n g
countries under Soviet i n f h e n c e ,

Characteristics:

Cartridge weight
Projectile weight
+... 672 g
... 288 g
b86 g
295 g
..... 9 0 0 m / s
Muzzle v e l o c i t y 900m/s
 DST-1160C-514-82-VOL 2-CHG 1
30 August 1985

+Index No. 30

Other Designations: 25-mm Soviet twin-barrel naval

AA gun; 25-arm Chinese twin-
barrel naval AA gun, Type 61.

T h i s rimless cartridge is f i r e d in the Soviet naval

twin AA gun systems, Models 2-M3 and 2-MS. Two
types of p r o j e c t i l e s have been noted; t h e older
type, w i t h three copper rotating bands, ie i d e n t i -
cal t o p r o j e c t i l e s for the 25x205SR gun. The rear-
most r o t a t i n g band is inserted into the mouth of
the brass cartridge case, which is crimped just to
the rear of the middle rotating band.

Newer HEI-T projectiles with MC-25 fuzes have t w o

copper rotating bands; again, the rearmost band is
inserted i n t o the mouth of the brass or steel
cartridge case. Cartridge cases carry the index
Y03P-85 (UOZR-85) or Y03P-85M (UOZR-85M) s t e n c i l e d
on the cartridge case. China produces a copy of
the latter*

Cartridge weight
Projectile wefght
........
......, 639-644
281-285g
g

Muzzle velocity .....**..900 m/s (est)

 DST-1160G-524-82-VOL 2-CHG 1
30 August 1985

+Index No. 31

Other Designations: Mauser ~ ~ 2 727-mm

; Mauser MRCA
gun.

This cartridge has been developed for t h e Mauser

high-performance revolver-type MK27 aircraft gun
intended for the West German-British-Italian
"Tornado" aircraft .
Like other aircraft gun car-
tridges developed from the Mauser MK213 cartridge,
it is electric primed. P r o j e c t i l e s for t h i s car-
tridge include AP, APHEI, H E I , and two types of
trafnfng practice p r o j e c t i l e s .

Characteristics:

Cartridge weight
Projectile weight
........
.,,.... 500-530 g
240-280 g
Muzzle velocity ......... 1050 n/s
 DST-1160G-514-82-VOL 2
13 September 1982

Index No. 32 28x188

Other Designations: 28/20S PzB 41; 28/20 squeeze

bore.

This cartridge, t h e smallest of a f a m i l y of three

equeeze-bore AT guns developed by Germany during
World War 11, was based on a tapered-bore gun
designed by Herrnann Gerlich. The cartridge was
designed for use in a gun with a tapered, r i f l e d
bore, decreasing the bore diameter from 28 nun a t
t h e origin of t h e rifling to 20 m at: the muzzle.
The purpose of t h i s design was t o achieve an ex-
t remely high velocity while reducing air resistance
by decreasing the projectile*s sectional area. The
28- projectile has s k i r t s that are f o l d e d or
squeezed into recesses in the smaller-diameter pro-
jectile body a s the projectile moves d o w the bar-
rel. AP p r o j e c t i l e s with a tungsten-carbide core
and HE projectiles are known to exist. This
ammunition was produced from mid-1940 to the close
of 1943, when shortages of c r i t i c a l material forced
the termination of t h e program- Excessive bore
wear i s also reported to have been a factor In the
decision to discontinue production. When the
program was terminated, some AP projectiles
reportedly had cores of uranium as a substitute for
tungsten carbide.

Characteristics :

Cartridge weight
Projectile weight
..,.
...
650g
121 g
630 g
100 g
Muzzle velocity ..... 1415 m/s 1500 m / s
DST-1160G-514-82-VOL 2
13 September 1982

Index No. 33

Other Designation: 1.1-inch US Navy heavy

machinegun.

This cartridge was developed during the 1930s for a

water-cooled, f our-barreled AA gun for shipboard
use. Although this gun and ammunition saw same use
in World War 11, they were replaced in general
service by the 20xllORB Oerlikon Mark 4-seriea guns
and were obsolete by the close of the war. D e s p i t e
i t s US Navy origin, many cattridges were made by
the Army's Frankford Arsenal, in addition t o naval
contractors.

Characteristics:

Cartridge weight
fro jectile weight
.-.
.....-. 848
..-.. 416 g
g

Muzzle velocity ......... 823 m / s

 DST-1160C-514-82-VOL 2-CHG 1
30 August 1985

Index No. 33A 2

+Other Designation: 30-m Grenade Launcher, AGS-17.

This Soviet cartridge is fired from the tripod- or

vehicle-mounted, b e l t - f e d AGS-17 grenade launcher,
which is designed for c l o s e infantry s u p p o r t .
U n l i k e the US round, t h e lacquered steel cartridge
-
case is not of the hfgh-low pressure t y p e . The
cartridge f f r e s a PDSD-fuzed high-explosive a n t i -
personnel projectile designated VOG-17M4

Characteristics:

Cartridge weight .....,.. 350

.......275
g
Projectile weight
... ..... 185
Muzzle v e l o c i t y
g
m/s
DST-ll6OG-514-82-VOL 2-CHG 1
30 August 1985

Index No. 3 4

Other Designation: 30-mm Mauser MK-213.

T h e 30x86R c a r t r i d g e was d e v e l o p e d in Germany for

the Yauser ?R-2 13 revolver-type aircraft gun, which
was one of t h e most advanced gun d e s i g n s t o appear
during World War 11, I n postwar years, t h i s gun
and a m u n i tion provided a basis for f u r t h e r develop-
ments in s e v e r a l major Western arms-producing
c o u n t r i e s , n o t a b l y employed in the Rri tish ADEN and
French DEFA d e s i g n s . The o r i g i n a l gun was not
produced a f t e r c h e c l o s e of World War 11, e x c e p t
possibly in a f e w other countries for t r i a l
purposes.

The United Kingdom made a similar 30x86B cartridge

i n t h e e a r l y 1950s for t h e Type 3M ADEN 3 ~ - m
a i r c r a f t gun, which w a s based on t h e MK-213 gun.
UK cartridges can be distinguished from World
W a r 1 1 German cartridges by t h e case materfal
(brass instead of lacquered steel) and the B r i t i s h
i d e n t i f i c a t i o n markings in the extraction groove
and on the projectile. The US also made brass-
cased 30x86B cartridges, designated T158 through
T162, fox the TI21 revolver aircraft gun. US
c a s e s , which are s i m i l a r t o UK cases, may be
unmarked.

Characteristics (World War I1 cartridges) :

Cartridge weight ........

....... 500 g

......... 530 m/s

P r o j e c t i l e weight
Muzzle v e l o c i t y
330 g
 DST-1160G-514-82-VOL 2
13 September 1982

Index No. 35

Other Designations: 30?sm MK 108; 30.1~1~

Japanese
Type 2.

This cartridge was developed by Rheinmetall-Botsig

during early World War 11 for a 30-mm low-velocity
a i r c r a f t gun, the MK 108, which operated on the
blowback principle. In 1944-1945, Japan used a
closely similar cartridge type--but wfth a slightly
larger diameter rim (29mm) and ehorter projectile-
in the 30-m AAgun, T y p e 2 . HEI, HBZ-T, and
incendiary loadings are reported. Neither the
German nor the Japanese gun and ammunition have
been used since the close of World War 11.

Characteristics:

Cart ridge weight

Projectile weight
........
....... 475-487
330 g
g

Muzzle velocity ......... 500 m/s

DST-1160G-514-82-VOL 2
13 September 1982

Index No. 36

Other Designations: 30-mm Type X G P ; 30-• DEFA 541.

This cartridge is the result of postwar French

e x p l o i t a t i o n o f the World War 11 German Mauser
MK-213 gun and cartridge. It was developed during
t h e 1950s for the French revolver-type aircraft
gun, Type 3CGF, which was redesignated the
UEFA 541- The cartridge can be identified by its
electric-primed brass case with a French-etyle
headstamp t h a t includes the designation "3CGF + "
The gun and cartridge were soon replaced by t h e
more-powerful 30xl13B DEFA 550-serie8 gun and
ammunition; t h e DEFA 5 4 1 dun and its ammunition are
no longer in service.

During the late 1960s and early 1970s, t h e United

States made similar experimental cartrtdges with
brass or aluminum cartridge cases but with case
lengths of LOO mm and 102 mm. The lOO-mm cases,
which are percussion-primed, may be marked XM193,
XM210, o r M 2 l I ; t h e 1027nm cases are electric-
primed and may be marked PAT 33.

Characteristics:

Cartridge weight 4 . m a m . . m 500 g

Muzzle velocity * . .
Projectile weight m . m a w . a
. l
296 g
670 m/s
 DST-1160G-514-82-VOL 2-CHG 1
30 August 1985

+Index No. 37

Other Designations: 30-mm DEFA Type 5 5 1 (553);

30-nm ADEN.

T h i s cartridge designation i s shared by two similar

and generally ( though not completely) interoperable
cartridges, one f a r t h e French-developed DEFA
Type 551 t o Type 553 guns, and the other for the UK-
developed ADEN gun. B o t h are revofver-type afr-
c r a f t guns that are d e r i v e d from the World War I1
Mauser MK-213 gun. Like the Mauser gun ammunition,
all 30xl13B cartridges have e l e c t r i c primers.
France d e v e l o p e d its version of t h e 30x113B car-
tridge by 1957 for the Type 551 PEFA gun and in
subsequent years introduced improved Type 552 and
553 guns. Ammunition has been developed along with
t h e guns, but 550-series ammunition can be used in
all three guns. Cartridges include air-to-air and
air-to-ground types. Air-to-air cartridges have an
HEI-T p r o j e c t i l e with a self-destruct fuze t o
reduce the hazard to f r i e n d l y ground troops. Air-
to-ground ammunit5an has a primer with a f l a s h tube
t o ensure ignition during a diving a t t a c k against
ground targets
tiles have a
. Air-to-ground
fuze without
explosive pro jec-
the self-destruct
feature. French cartridges can be recognized by
the steel cartridge case, the French-style head-
stamp, and a s t e n c i l e d case marking indicating the
t y p e of cartridge. DEFA ammunition has also been
made by Oerlikon and Hispano-Suiza, by West
Germany, and by Israel.

Characteristfcs (DEFA ammunition):

............
Cart ridge weight , , , 440-480 g
P r o j e c t i l e weight 236-275 g
Muzzle velocity ....,....
760-818 m / s
DST-1160C-5 14-82-VOL 2-CHG 1
30 August 1985

UK development of the ADEN gun and cartridge paral-

l e l e d that of France. The ffrst t y p e s , produced in
the early 1950s, used a low-velocl t y 30x86R
cartridge in t h e Type 3M ADEN gun; these cartridges
w e r e superseded in the mid-1950s by the current
30x113B cartridge. ADEN ammunition can be recog-
n i z e d by t h e brass cartridge case with UK-style
model designations on p r o j e c t i l e and fuze, and by
producer, model, and year d a t a stamped in the
bottom of the extraction groove of the cartridge
case. ADEN cartridge cases are slightly shorter in
case length than DEFA cases; the former may be as
short as 111 mm. This reduced length poses no
problem i n functioning in revolver-type guns, s i n c e
the cartridge case b e l t indexes the cartridge in
the revolver chamber. ADEN cartridges have been
produced by Hfspano-Suiza and Oerlikon, as well as
by Sweden, West Germany, Finland, the Netherlands,
and Relgiurn. The United S t a t e s has d e v e l o p e d a
famf ly of aluminum-cased 30x113B cart ridges,
designated XM 788 (TP), XM 789 (HEDP), and XM 799
( H E I ) and intended for the XM l88EI gun, which w i l l
be functionally interoperable with ADEN and DEFA
guns.

Characteristics: (ADEN ammunition)

Cartridge wefght ........*..

. .440-503 g
Projectile weight
..,...... 590-800
Muzzle v e l o c i t y
226-270 g
m/s
 DST-ll60G-514-82-VOL 2
1 3 September 1982

Index No. 38 -
Other Designat i o n : 30- Japanese ti0-155

Japan developed the 30x114 cartridge during Uorld

War 11 for t h e 30- aircraft cannon, ti0-155. The
gun and ammunition have been obsolete since t h e end
of the war.

Characteristics: Not available

DST-ll6OG-514-82-VOL 2
13 September 1982

Index No. 39

Other Designatton: 30-min Japanese Type 5 .

The 30x123 cartridge was used during World War I1

in the Japanese naval aircraft gun, Type 5. Car-
tridge case dimensions were scaled from World
War 11 drawings, and measured dimensions may vary
to some degree from those shown in table I. The
gun and ammunition have been obsolete since t h e
close of World War 11.

Characteristics: N o t available
 DST-1160G-S14-82-~0L 2-CHG 1
30 August 1985

Other Designation; 30-mm Soviet NR-30; Chinese

Type 1.

Introduced by the USSR in the mLd-1950s for the

M-30 aircraft gun, t h i s cartridge is still in
service. Cartridge types include a fragmentation-
HE1 cartridge w i t h a PD fuze, Model A-30 or B-30,
and a fragmentation-HE cartridge with a ED fuze
Model DM-30, and a sheet-metal w i n d s h i e l d that
gives t h e appearance of an API cartridge* There is
no v i s i b l e i n d i c a t i o n that the projectile contains
HE f i l l e r . Cartridge cases are of brass,

The fragmentation-HE1 cartridge is a l s o made i n

Czechoslovakia; t h i s cartridge can be recognized by
t h e characteristtc Czechoslovak headstamp marking,
which includes a three-letter factory (producer)
code, e . , d t p . HEI-T, H E I , and APHE cartridges
are produced in China; HE, HE1 , and HE-T rounds are
manufactured in Romania.

Characteristics :

Cartridge weight ..,..... 838-850 g

Projectile weight ,
Muzzle velocity ............... 780
392-418 g
m/s
 nST-1160G-514-82-VOL 2-CHG 1
30 August 1985

+Index No. 41

Other Designations: 30-mm Oerlikon KCB (HSS 831

series); 30-m RARDEN.

Developed at t h e close of World War IT by Hispano-

Suiza and still produced by Oerlikon, this car-
tridge remains one of the world's high-performance
automatic gun cartridges. Cartridge t y p e s include
point-fuzed HE1 cartridges, double-f uzed HE1
cartridges w i t h a w t n d s h i e l d , and API and APDS-'I:
types. This cartridge fs used in Oerlikon KCB
(HSS 831-series) guns, and i n the United Kingdom's
RARDEN gun. T h e s e cartridges have also been
produced by West Germany, France, and Egypt, as
w e l l as by t h e United Kingdom, w h i c h has d e v e l o p e d
a high-perf omance APDS-T c a r t ridge for the RARDEN
Run.

Cartridges for the HSS 831A gun have a brass ( o r

rarely, steel), cartridge case and a wide copper
rotating b a n d ; HSS 831A cartridges may not chamber
f u l l y in the newer HSS 8311, gun, which f i r e s steel-
cased cart ridges havf ng a narrow sintered-iron
rotating band.

Characteristics:

Cartridge weight ........

.......
725-900 g
Pro-ject i l e w e i g h t
........ 920-1080
300-452
g
Muzzle velocity* m/s

*The RARDEN APDS-T cartridge h a s a n estimated

muzzle v e l o c f t y in excess o f 1150 m/s.
 DST-1160G-514-82-VOL 2-CHC 1
30 August 1985

Other Desfgnations: 30-mat Oerlikon KCA (304 RK);

Mauser Model F; US GAU-8A and
GAU-9A.

This modern, high-performance, electric-primed car-

tridge w a s d e v e l o p e d during t h e 1950s by Derlikon
for the KCA (formerly 304 RK) revolver gun for air-
craf t o

Cartridge types i n c l u d e HEI, API, and SAPHEZ car-

tridges. A variant of this cartridge w a s the
30x180, an e l e c t ric-primed cart ridge produced by
Oerlikon in 1953 for the RK 302 gun; these car-
tridges were made for trials but were never mass
produced.

I n recent years, the United S t a t e s has produced

aluminum-cased cartridges in 30x173 caliber; these
have percussion prfners when made for the GAU 8A
gun and electric primers when made for t h e GAU 9A
gun.

Characteristics :

........ 800-910 g
Cartridge weight
Projectile weight ,, , . ...
......... 950-1100 m/s
Muzzle v e l o c i t y
325-433 g
DST-1160G-514-82-VOL 2-CHG 1
30 August 1985

Index Nqr 4 3

Other Designatfons: 30-m MK 101; MK 103.

T h i s cartridge was introduced in Germany about 1936

as a percussion-primed cartridge for the MK 201
aircraft gun. An electric-primed version of the
cartridge was made for the MK 103 gun. The car-
trtdges have similar case dimensions but can be
distinguished by the presence of a c / 3 3 percussion
primer or a c/23 electric primer. HE, HEI, H E F T ,
A P I , APHEI, and AP-T cartridge types are known t o
have been produced; the AP-T cartridge had a
projectile with a tungsten c a r b i d e core and a
muzzle v e l o c i t y of 960 m/s. The guns and
cartridges were not used after t h e close of World
War IT.

Characteristics:

Cartridge weight
Projectile weight
........
...,...
770-960 g
295-500 g
Muzzle velocf ty ,........ 700-960 m/s
 DST-1 L6OG-5 14-82-VOL 2-CHG 1
30 August 1985

+Index No. 44

Other Designation: 30-m Type NN-30.

This electric-primed , brass-c~se cartridge is used

In the Soviet naval AA gun, Type NN-30. Cartridges
are identified by t h e s t e n c i l e d case markinge,
which include the Cyrillic cart ridge designart imn
Y@-83 (UP-83) and gun designation HH-30 (NN-3@),
and by t h e t y p i c a l Soviet cartridge headstamp mark-
ing. Types manufactured include HE1 with PDSD f u z e ,
HE w i t h BD fuze, APHEI with DD fuze, and a tracer
cartridge with PDSD fuze.

A slmilar and probably identical cartridge is

reportedly manufactured by Yugoslavia under t h e
designation M69. The HE projectfle has a PD fuze,
Model UT M69-SM.

Characteristics :

Cartridge weight +....... 1140 g

Projectile weight
Muzzle velocity ........, 435 g
1000 m/s
DST-1160G-514-82-VOL 2-CHG 1
30 August 1985

O t h e r Designations: 3 0 a n AA gun, M53/59, ~ 5 3 / 7 0 .

This cartridge is ueed in the Czechoslovak twin

AA gun, M53/70, which was introduced in the 1950s
and is s t i l l in use. HE and AP types are reported.
Ammunitfan (HE-T) for this gun i a also made for
export by Yugoslavia.

Cheracteristfcs:

Cartridge weight ........

....... 1050 g
Projectile weight
.........
Muzzle v e l o c i t y
420 g ( e e t )
1000 m/e
 DST-1160G-514-82-V02 2-CHG 1
30 August 1985

Other Designation: Swiss Flab. Kan, 38

(Model 38 AA Gun)

Used in the little-known S w i s s Model 1938 AA gun,

this cartridge is known t o have been produced until
a t l e a s t 1946. The gun and i t s a m u n i t i o n have
been replaced in S w i s s service by the 35-m
Oerlikon KDR gun in a towed twin-gun version.

Characteristics :

Cartridge weight
Projectile wet ght
............... 1553-1572 g
680-700 g
Muzzle velocity ......... 890-900 mls
 DST- 116 0G-5 l4-82-~0L 2-CHG I
30 August 1985

+Index No. 46 -35x228

Other Designatlone: 35-mm Oerlikon; 35- KDA, KDB,

or KDC.

Oerlikon developed t h i s high-performance AA gun

cartridge i n the early 1960s. Two cartridge case
types are known; cases with a link positioning
groove below the case ehoulder are intended for use
in the indexing feed b e l t of the KDA gun, but can
be used in a l l m o d e l s . This type of case is in
current product ion. Cases without the b e l t groove
were made for use only in the KDB, KDC, and KDE
guns.

Cartridge t y p e s include HE1 and HEI-T, SAPHEI-T,

and APDS-T (WC). HE projectfles have a PDSD f u e ,
Model KZD-242 or RZD-238 and APHE projectiles have
a BDSD fuze, Model BZD 357 or BZD 363. The SAPHEI-T
projectile incorporates a BDSD f u z e , Hadel RZD 342.
The gun and cartridges are w i d e l y d i s t r i b u t e d
throughout the free world; Austria, Ffnland , France,
Greece, Iran, Japan, Libya, the Netherland8 , Saudi
Arabia, and West Germany are reported t o have these
guns, and several of these countries produce the
cartridge under license from Oerlikon.

Characteristics :
Explosive
project Ilea -
APDS-T

Cartridge weight
Projectile weight
.,..
.,. 1567 g
550 g
1460 g
380 g
Muzzle velocity 1175 m/s 1385 m/s
 DST-1160G-514-82-VOL 2
13 September 1982

Index No. 47

Other Designations: 37-m M1916; 37amt M63 Mod 1.

This cartridge and i t s gun were adopted by the

United S t a t e s in 1916 for infantry use as an
adaptation, with very few changes, of a light-
weight, man-portable French field howitzer.
Although replaced before World War I1 for combat
use, t h e M19L6 cartridge continued in service for
subcaliber training with larger art ilLery pieces
and for firing s a l u t e s . US-made cartridge cases
can be identifLed by the gun designation "Model of
1916" or the case designation MK 1A2 or MK 1A2B1 in
the headetamp of the brasa or steel case. The
current model of target practtce cartridge is
designated Cartridge, TP, M63 Mod 1. This car-
tridge has a blue p r o j e c t i l e with white markings.
The black-powder-filled projectile has a BD fuze.
This cartridge I s used in eubcaliber guns M1916,
M12, M13, M14, and M15. This cartridge is quite
close in dimensions to, and in some instances
interchangeable with, other lowpower cart ridges
made since the 1890s by Russia, France, Germany,
Italy, and t h e United Kingdom. Best known of these
is the French 37/85 field howitzer cartridge, which
is interoperable with the US cartridge and saw wide
use in World War L- The French cartridge can be
identified by the marking "37-85" and the i n i t i a l s
"PdPs" in the headstamp and by the preeence of two
rotating bands on the projectile (the US projectile
has one wide rotating band) . A similar cartridge,
but with a case length o f 1021nm, was used in the
Maxim automatic gun ( a i c k n a d the Porn Porn) a t the
turn of the century, while a 3fx120R cartridge made
by Winchester was used by the United States i n the
DST-1160G-5l4-82-VOL 2
13 September 1982

Hotchkiss quick-f i r i n g naval gun in the 1890s. The

French gun and i t s ammunition i s reported i n use by
Yugoslavia as late as 1941.

Characteristics:

Cartridge weight
Projectile weight
........
... . 730-912 g
... 550-730 g
Muzzle velocity ......... 328-390 m/e
 DST-1160G-514-82-VOL 2
1 3 September 1982

Index No. 48 37x112

Other Designations: 37-mm Japanese Type 11; 371nm

Japanese HO-203 a i r c r a f t gun.

This cartridge was introduced by Japan i n 1922 f o r

the Type L1 "infantry accompanying" gun, a light,
man-portable f i e l d gun much like the US M19L6
infantry howl h e r . The Japanese infantry used this
gun In t h e i r campaigns in t h e 1930s and during
World War 11. The same cartridge case with
slightly d i f f e r e n t projectiles and fuzes was used
in a Japanese aircraft gun, the H0-203, during
World War 11. ALrctaf t gun cartridges carry the
mark 5( = 0 (Ho-203) stenciled on the
projectiles. The guns and cartridges have been
obsolete since the close of World Uar 11.

Characteristics:
Type 11 HO-203

Cartridge weight ..- 728-863 g 723 g

Projectile weight
Muzzle velocity . ...- 460-595 g
400 m/s (est)
436 g
400 m/s ( e s t )
DST-1160G-514-82-VOL 2
13 September 1982

Index No. 49

Other Designation: 3 7 - m Type 9 4 tank gun.

Japan adopted 8 cartrldge i n 1934 for the

Type 94 tank gun. It was used during World War LI
b u t has not been produced since that time.

Characteristics:

Cart ridge weight ........ 803-938 g

Projectile weight
Muzzle velocity
....... 460-595
......... 640 m/s
g
 DST-1160G-514-82-VOL 2
13 September 1982

Index No. 50

Other Designation: US Navy 1-pdr.

Although t h e o f f i c i a l US terminology for this gun

and a m u n i t i o n is Gun, 1-pounder, t h e metric
designation is used in this guide for the 8ake of
uniformity. This gun, another carry over from the
early 19008, saw limited use in World War 15,
principally as a saluting gun. A Japanese report
states that some amnutnit ion was captured, probably
when the Philippine Islands were taken, and was
used in a 37-sm Japanese b a t t a l i o n gun.

Cartridge cases w i l l carry t h e designation "Gun,

1-pdr" and sometimes "Case, MK 2" in t h e headstamp.
Some guns may still be found in use f o r saluting
purposes- Blank cartridges for salutes are shorter
in length than t h e service cartridge.

Characteristics:

Cartridge weight
Projectile weight
........
....... 754 g
500 g
.-.......610 m/s
Muzzle v e l o c i t y
DST-1160G-5 14-82-VOL 2
13 September 1982

Index No. 51

Other Designation: 37- Japanese HO-204 aircraft

gun

This cartridge w a s made and used by Japan during

World War ZI i n t h e ki0-204 aircraft gun. Pro-
jectiles will bear the stenciled designation
3 ;E 0 o(H0-204). The guns and ammunition were
obsolete at the close of the war,

Characteristics:

Cartridge weight
Projectile weight
........
....... 893 g
436 g
Muzzle velocity ......... 450 m/s (eat)
 DST-1160G-514-82-VOL 2-CHG 1
30 August 1985

Index No. 52

Other Designations: 37-mm aircraft gun M4, M10.

Used in US a i r c r a f t guns ~4 (AN-M4) and M10 durlng

World War I1 and early postwar years, t h i s rimed
cartridge case was made both of brass (MK IZIA2
case) and steel (MK IIIAZBl case). These desig-
nations will be found in t h e cartridge headstamp.
The guns and ammunition are no longer in use.

Characteristics:

-
HE AP shot

Cartridge weight
Projectile weight
....
... 875 g
608 g
1020 g
753 g
..... 610 m / s
Muzzle v e l o c i t y 556 m / s
 DST-1160G-514-82-VOL 2-CHG 1
3 0 August 1985

+Index No. 53 37x155

Other Designatfan: 37-mm Soviet N-37.

This Soviet-developed cartridge is used in the N-37

aircraft gun, which was introduced in the 1950s and
is s t i l l in use.

HE1 (Type O F Z ) , HEZ-T (Type OZT), and AP-T

(Type BZT) cartridges are known t o have been
produced. Soviet-made cartridges have brass cases
that carry the designation "H-37" (N-37) and other
d a t a Cyrillic letters s t e n c i l e d an the case w a l l .
The cartridge headstamp f s a l s o of the Soviet type.
This cartridge is a l s o made by Czechoslovakia,
using lacquered steel, cartridge bases that carry
t h e designation 37 IX over (for AP-T cartridges)
PzSv, together with p r o p e l l a n t data. The headstamp
*@
will include t h e factory designator "aym.

Characteristics:

Cartridge weight ....... 1280 g 1300 g

Projectile weight
Muzzle velocity ...... 735 g
690 m/s
754 g
675 m / s
 DST-1160C-514-82-VOL 2-CHG 1
30 August 1985

Index No. 54 37x166~

Other Desi&nattons : 3 7 - m Japanese Type 94;

Type 9 8 ; Type 100.

This cartridge was used in three Japanese-desfgned

guns d e v e l o p e d from 1934 t o 1940 ( t h e Type 94
AT gun and Types 98 and 100 tank guns). Neither
guns nor cartridges continued in use a f t e r the
World War TI.

Characteristics:

Cartridge weight ........

....... 950-1114 g

Muzzle velocity ...,.....

P r o j e c t i l e weight 460-624 g
700 rnI$.
 DST-1160G-514-82-VOL 2-CHG 1
30 August 1985

+Index No. 55 -
37x195

Other Designation: 37-mm Type NS-37 aircraft gun.

T h i s cartridge of two types, HEI-T (OZT) and APX-T

(BZT), w a s uaed in the Soviet NS-37 aircraft gun,
which saw some use during World War I1 but was
replaced in the postwar period by the N-37 aircraft
gun,

Characteristics:

Cartridge weight ........

....... 1680 g 1400 g

.........
Projectile w e i g h t
Muzzle velocity
475 g
720 m/s
415 g
720 m/a
 DST-1160G-5 14-82-VUL 2
13 September 1982

Index No- 56 37x202R

Other &signation: 37/40 Italian AT gun.

Reported in use as early as World War I, t h i s gun

and cartridge were s t i l l employed during World
War 11 but are not known to have been used after
that. The designation "37/40" is not a model year
indicator; t h e second element indicates the length
of the gun barrel in "calibers." This is multiplied
by the bore diameter to give the length of t h e
barrel. A gun of 40 calibers is, by current
standards, a relatively short-barreled gun. HE and
APHE projectiles are reported. Case dimensions
were scaled from a drawing, and actual case
measurements m y vary f ton those given in t a b l e I .

Characteristics:

Cartridge weight
Projectile weight
.-......
.......
1300 g
677-698 g
Muzzle velocity ......... Unknown
UST-1160G-514-82-VOL 2
13 September 1982

Index No. 57

Other Designations: 37-nun MlA.2; ANI

The United S t a t e s developed t h i s cartridge before

World Mar LI for use in t h e MIA2 automatic AA gun,
which was used during World War 11 and the Wrean
War. The same cartridge was used, b r i e f l y , in the
ANN9 aircraft gun during World War 11. Both brass
(M17) and steel (M1781) cases were made; they can
be recognized by the model designation i n the car-
t ridge headstamp. HE and AP projectiles were used.
Although obsolete in t h e US service, the MIA2 gun
and its ammunition were used i n other countries,
particularly France, during postwar years and may
s t i l l be found i n service.

Characteristics:

HEI-T APC-T

Cartridge weight
Projectile weight
...... 1210 g
560 g
1440 g
680 g
Muzzle velocity ...... 792 m/s 792 m/s
 uo 1-1 16W-5 14-82-VOL 2
13 September 1982

Index No. 58 37x223R

Other Designations: 37-nnn AT gun M3; 37- tank

gun M5, M6.

Designed before World War 11 for the single-shot

37-mm AT gun M3 (M3A1) and used in tank gun8 of the
M 5 and M6 series on prewar light tanks, this
cartridge resembles the preceding 37x222SR car-
tridge; the two types, however, are not inter-
changeable. Aside from the cartridge rim, this
case can be identified by the HI6 cartridge-case
designation t h a t appears in the headstamp. The gun
and ammunition were obsolete in the US service
before t h e end of World War 11, but some may be
found in use elsewhere-

Characteristics:

Cartridge weight
Projectile weight
....-.=.
1400-1500 g
730-870 g
Muzzle velocity ......... 793-823 m/s
DST-1160G-514-82-VOL 2
13 September 1982

Index No* 59

Other Designation: 3 7 / 5 4 Italian A4 gun.

This cartridge was designed for Use in the tray-

loaded, semiautomatic, Model 37/54 AA gun. With a
propellant weight nearly double that of the older
37/40 cartridge (and fired tn a longer-barreled
gun), this cartridge clearly develops a higher
muzzle velocity and a longer range. The gun was
developed before World War I1 but has not been in
use since the cloae of the war.

Case dimension8 w e r e scaled from a drawing, and

actual case measurements may vary eomewhat from
those given i n table I.

Characteristics:

Cartridge weight
Projectile weight
........
....... 1590
800 g
g

......... Undetermined
Xuzzle v e l o c i t y
 DST-1160G-514-82-VOL 2-CHG 1
3 0 August 1985

+Index No. 60

Other Designation: 3.7-cm PAK 36.

T h i s cartridge was developed in Germany for t h e

PAK 36, a two-wheeled, towed AT gun that cloeely
resembles its US counterpart. I t w a s also used in
a tank gun designated the 3.7-cm KWK and in a
S w e d i s h 37-mm AT gun, m/39.

A very similar and probably interchangeable car-

t r i d g e w a s produced in Japan hefore World War IL
for t h e Type 97 (1937) AT gun. Although n o t now in
service w i t h any major country, t h i s gun and anrmunt-
tian may be i n use elsewhere.

Characteristics :

G e r e n data Japanese data

Cartridge weight
P r o j e c t i l e weight
....,
,. 1350
695 g
g 1030-1165 g
460-595 g
Muzzle velocity ...... 760 m / s 760 m/s ( e s t )
DST-1160G-S 16-82-VOL 2-CHG 1
3 0 August 1985

Index No. 61

Other Designation: 37-mm Japanese Type 1.

Although this c a r t r i d g e is very s i m i l a r to the

37x2 50R cartridge fa dimensions (and probably f n
-
performance), it is not interchangeable because of
d i f f e r e n c e s in case- diameter and contour. This
cartridge was developed for the Japanese Type 1
( 1 9 4 1 ) tank and AT guns. The guns and ammunition
have not been used since t h e end of Warld War 11.

Characteristics :

Cartridge weight
Projectile weight
........
....... 1375-1420
595-624 g
g (est)

Muzzle velocity ......... 760 m / s

 DST-1160G-514-82-VOL 2-CHG 1
30 August 1985

Other Designations: 37-mm Soviet AA gun, Ml939,

37-mm Chinese Type 55 ( s i n g l e
barrel); Type 6 5 , Type 76, and
Type P793 (twin barrel).

This Soviet cartridge was d e v e l o p e d for the M1939

AA gun; its brass cartridge case can be identified
by the annular groove in the base for a Bofors-type
clip and by the characteristic Soviet headstamp
marking- HEI-T and APZ-T cartridges are known; the
former have YOP-167 (UOR-167) stenciled on t h e case
w a l l together with lot and propellant data, and the
latter have YEP-167 (UBR-167). The gun and car-
trfdges are now obsolescent in t h e USSR, but HE,
HE-T, and A F T cartridges have been produced in
China as Type 5 5 , and HEI-T cartridges are produced
in Egypt, Pakistan, and Yugoslavia.

Characteristics:

-
HEI-T API-T

Cartridge w e i g h t
Projectile weight
...,.,,. 1440 g
710 g
1500 g
770 g
Muzzle velocity ...,.....
.
a
...

880 m / s 906 m/s

DST-2160G-514-82-VOL 2-CHG 1
30 August 1985

Index No.- 63 37x258R

Other Designations: 37-nun mi34 (m/38); 3.7-cm Wz 36.

This cartridge w a s designed by Bofors for single-

shot a r t i l l e r y t y p e AT guns and thus does not have
the deep annular groove that is found on the base
of cartridge cases for Bofors-type automatic guns.
The cartridge was used in several Swedish AT gun
models: m/34, m/38, m/39-43, and m/40-43, as w e l l
as in the m/38 tank gun. The same cartridge was
used by Poland in the Wz36 (Model 3 6 ) AT gun, and
cartridges in t h f s caliber were made by Germany
early in World War 11. The gun and cartridge were
a l s o adopted by Denmark under the designation M37.
These guns and this aarmunftion were not used after
World War I1 because increased armor protection
made t h i s calfber AT gun obsolete*

Characterf stfcs:

Cartridge weight
Projectile we1ght
........
....... 1350-1390 g
700-740 g
Muzzle velocity ......... 785-800 m/s
 DST-1160C-514-82-VOL 2
13 September 1982

Index No. 64 37x264B

Other Designations: 3.7-cm F W 18 and 36; 3.7-cm

M38, M39 AT gun.
Developed in the 1930s by Germany for use in the
FLAK 18 and 36 AA guns and the M38 and M39 AT guns,
t h i s cartridge was also used in an a i r c r a f t gun
during World War 11. Like many other cartridges of
the period, it has not been used since the c l o s e of
World War 11.

Cartridge weight ........ 700

1580 g
Projectile weight ....... g
......... over 900 m/s
Muzzle v e l o c i t y
DST-1160G-514-82-VOL 2
13 September 1982

Index No. 65 37x267R

Other Designation: 3.7-cm M34 AT gun.

This cartridge was used in the prewar Czechoslovak

H34 antitank gun, which is reported t o have been
used by Yugoslavia in 1941. Germany made aimuni-
t f a n f o r t h i s gun during World War 11, but no
postwar use is known.

Characteristics: Not available

 DST-1160G-514-82-VOL 2
13 September 1982

Index No. 66 37x2 78R

Other Designation: 37- Hotchkise Mle 1925.

This cartridge is reported t o have been used in a

French Botchkiss gun, Model 1925, and in subsequent
Models 1929, 1930, and 1934, as well as in a
Casement MI934 gun. Projectilea include an APC-T
(Mle 1934) and He (Mle 1938). No further infoma-
tfoa is available on the guns t h a t used it*

Characteristics: Not available

DST-1160C-5 24-82-VOL 2
13 September 1982

Index No. 67 37x303R

Other Designation: 37- "Davy Crockett" spotter,

The 37x303R cartridge was developed in t h e early

1960s as a spotter cartridge for the US "Davy
Crockett" M29 heavy weapon system. It fires a
long f i n - s t a b i l i z e d spotter projectile through a
amoothbore 377mn gun mounted below the muzzle of
the primary weapon. The cartridge case contains a
high-low pressure system to enaure reliable i g n i -
tion while holding chamber pressure t o a proper
working l e v e l . The projectiles has an electric
impact fuze t h a t , on impact, produces a flash and a
column of smoke v i s i b l e a t a range of 4000 meters.
(Caution! Spotter projectiles contain a . small PETN
burster charge!) Two versions o f this cartridge
exist: The M415E7 for shorter ranges and the
M446E2 for longer ranges. Cartridge caees can be
distinguished by the cartridge model designation,
which is stamped on the cartridge base. The M415E7
case also has an identifying annular groove in t h e
case base. Both cartridges have spanner wrench
holes i n the closing plug i n the cartridge base.
The "Davy Crockett" system is no longer in service.

Characteristics:

Cartridge weight
Projectile weight
....
...
.....
Muzzle v e l o c i t y
 DST-1160G-5L4-82-VOL 2
13 September 1982

Index No. 68

Other Designations: 37-am Infantry Gun, M1937

(Denmark), 3 7 ~ x 1Bofors
1 HI939
AA gun.

This cartridge is known to have been produced by

Bofors in Sweden and by Denmark i n 1939 and 1940,
but specific production dates cannot be ascer-
tained.
reported .
Both IIE-T and AP-T cartridges are

Characteristics:

HE-T -
AP-T

Cartridge weight 1500 g 1655 g ( e s t )

Projectile welght -.*.... 740 g 780 g ( e s t )
......*..
Muzzle v e l o c i t y 850 m/s 870 g ( e s t )
DST-1160G-314-82-VOL 2
13 September 1982

Index No. 69

Other Designation: 3.7-an C-30.

Developed i n Germany before World War 11, t h i s high-
performance cartridge was used in the naval AA gun,
Model C-30. This gun and i t s HE-T cartridge were
used during World War 11, but no postwar use is
reported.

Characteris tics:

Cartridge weight ........ 1814-2040 g

Projectile weight ....... Not a v a i l a b l e
.-....... Not available
Muzzle v e l o c i t y
 DST-1160G-514-82-VOL 2
13 September 1982

Index No. 70

Other Designation: 40-m Grenade Launcher, M79.

This cartridge is designed t o be fired from the

single-shot, shoulder-held grenade Launcher M79 or
t h e M203 launcher attached t o the MI6 r i f l e . It
was a l s o f i r e d in the tripod-mounted, automatic-
loading grenade launcher, XPI174. A shorter car-
tridge case, 30-2 mm long, is used with pyrotechnic
cartridges. The case may carry the stenciled desig-
nation XMl.95 or M195.

Characteristics:

Cartridge weight
Projectile weight
........
.......228 g
175
......... 76
Muzzle v e l o c i t y
g
m/s
DST-1160G-514-82-VOL 2
13 September 1982

Index No. 71 4Ox53SR

Other Designation: 40-mnr Grenade Launcher M75-

This cartridge is a higher-velocity version of the

40x46R cartridge, designed t o be f i r e d from M75,
XMl75, and MI29 tripod-mounted, automatic-loading
grenade Launchers and from the MK 19 Mod 1 US Navy
machinegun- These high-velocity cartridges are not -
to be used in launchers designed for the l o w -
v e l o c i t y 2Ox46R cartridge. Cases may be marked
w i t h the case model XM 169 (M169), either s t e n c i l e d
on the case wall or as part of the cartridge
heads tamp.

Characteristics:

Cartridge weight ........ 340 g

Projectile weight ....... 175 g
Muzzle velocity .-.......240 m/s
 DST-1160G-514-82-VOL 2
13 September 1982

Index No. 72 40x143R

Other Designation: 401mn A 4 gun, Model 40139.

This cartridge was used in the Italian 40-

AA gun, Model 40/39, which dates from the World
War 1 period. The designation "39" indicates a
barrel length of 39 calibers, or 1.56 meters. Data
on the ammunition are incomplete; the case length
has been scaled from a drawing in TM 9-1985-6;
actual measurements w i l l probably d i f f e r from those
given in t a b l e I-

Characteristics:

Cart ridge weight ........ 1450 g

Projectile weight
Muzzle velocity
....... Not available
......... Not available
3ST-1160G-514-82-V0~ 2
13 September 1982

Xndex No. 73 4Ox158R

Other Designation: 401nm Vickera-arm strong^

Developed by Vickers-Arms trong in the post-World

War L period, this gun saw limited use in World
War 11, having been replaced by the Bofors 40-mm
automatic gun. Japan, however, made and used some
cartridges for t h i s gun during World War XI. The
gun and amuniton were obsolete at the war% end.

Characteristics:

Cartridge weight
Projectile weight
........
....... 1325 g
1000 g
.........853 m/s
Nuzzle v e l o c i t y
 DsT-1160G-514-82-VOL 2-CHG 1
30 August 1985

Index No. 74

Other Designation: 2-pdr AT gun.

Developed by the United Kingdom before World

War 11, t h i s cartridge w a s used in single-shot,
quick-firing, 2-pounder AT guns, Marks 9 ( 9 A ) and
10 ( I O A and 10B). HE-T and AP-T cartridges are
reported. The guns and ammunition s a w some use in
World War 11 but are now obsolete.

Characteristics :

-
HE-T -
AP-T

Cartridge weight
Projectile w e i g h t
....
... I900 g
880 g
2025 g
1075 g
Muzzle velocity ..... 792 m/s 850 i d s
DST-1160G-514-82-VOL 2-CHG 1
30 August 1985

Other Designations: 40-arm Bofors Mi40 AA gun;

40-mm Bofors L-60; 40mm Bofors
MK I, MK 11.
Developed by Bofors during the 19308, this w a s
probably the most widely used AA gun in World
War 11, employed by the United S t a t e s , t h e U n i t e d
Kingdom, Germany, and I t a l y (and also in t h e
Swedish inventory). Both brass and steel cartridge
cases were used. The cartridge is still produced
by such major a m u n i t i o n producers as Rombrinf
Parodi-Delfino in I t a l y , Fabrique Nationale in
Belgium, and D i e h l in West Germany, and i s also
manufactured in Yugoslavia, France, the Nether-
lands, Sweden, Egypt, and Pakistan.

US-made cartridge cases of army d e s i g n carry the

case designation M25 (brass) or M25Bl (steel).
Cases of navy design will have the MK 2 or MiZ 2
Mod 1 brass case or MK 3 steel case, which dif fcrs
in having a primer seat threaded for t h e British
primer.

The United S t a t e s made HE-T and AP-T cartridges in

t h i s caliber,

Characteristics:

Cartridge weight ........

....... 2030-2150 g
Projectile weight
Muzzle velocity ...,..... 900-940 g
823-875 m / s
 DST-1160G-514-82-VOL 2-CHG L
30 August 1985

+Index No. 76

Other Designation: 40-mm Bofors L-70.

Developed by Rafors in Sweden during the 1950s and

s t a n d a r d i z e d in 1 9 5 4 , t h i s cartridge provides
improved performance over t h a t of the cartridge for
the L-60 gun. Bofors has introduced advanced
design features into this ammunition, including

fuzes .
controlled-f ragmentat i o n pro jectf les and proximity
Ammunition is produced in many other
countries (Luchaire in France, D i e h l in West
Germany, Oerlikon in Switzerland, Bombrini Parodi-
Delfino in I t a l y , Fabrique Nationale in Belgium,
DeKrui thoorn in the Netherlands, Pyrkal in Greece,
Valmet In Finland, and in t h e United Kingdom and
Yugoslavia).

Characteristics:

-
HE-T APDS-T

Cartridge weight
Projectile weight
...... 2420-2510 g
880-960 g
2250 g
705 g
Muzzle velocity ..... 1005-1025 m ( ~ 1200 m / s
DST-1 16UG-5I4-8Z-VOL 2-CHG 1
30 August 1985

Other Designatfon: None known.

This cartridge was introduced by t h e USSR in the

mid-1970s, probably f o x the 30-mm automatic cannon
mounted as the main gun on the RMP-2 infantry
fighting v e h i c l e . Cartridge types i n c l u d e a f rag-
mentation HE1 cartridge with a PDSD fuze, Model
A-670M. There is no v i s i b l e fndication of the HE
f f l l e r content in the projectile. Cartrf dge cases
are made of z i n c coated steel; primers may be
either percussion or electric. Headstamps follow
standard Sovf e t marking practice f o r small caliber
ammunition.

Characteristics:

Cartrfdge weight ,
Projectile weight
... 390.5
...-. 850 g
g
Muzzle velocity ..-... 950 m/s (est)
 DST-1160G-514-82-VOL 2-CHG I
30 August 1985

Other Designation: Oerlikon T y p e KRB.

Developed and introduced by 0 e r l i k . m in the e a r l y

1980s, t h i s cartridge i s an elongated version of
t h e 25x137-mm used w i t h t h e Oerlikon Type KRA
automatic cannon, Mauser Model E, US M242 Bushmaster
and GAU-12A Runs. Designed f o r use w i t h the KBB
automatic cannon, t h i s cartridge has greater muzzle
v e l o c i t y , range, and penetration, than the 25x137-mm
used in the KBA.

Six t y p e s are currently produced: HEX, APDS-T, AMDS

( a n t i m i s s i l e discarding sabot) and three t r a i n i n g
practice types. This c a r t r i d g e , a t t h i s writing,
fs produced only by OerUkon.

Characteristics:

Cartridge weight
Projectile weight
. . 230
.*... 625 g
g
550 g
150
Muzzle velocity . 1160 m/s
g
1460 m / s

l46,l

(Reverse Blank)
 DST-1160G-514-82-VOL 2
13 September 1982

SECTION IV
MARKING PRACTICES BY COUNTRY

A* GENERAL

1- Scope

T h i s section summarizes cartridge marking practices

for selected ammunition-producing countries-

2. Organization

Countries are arranged in alphabetical order, w i t h

the addition of World Qar II-Germany and Japan as a
separate element, following West Germany in
sequence.

8. COUNTKY MARKING PRACTICES

a. General. China has manufactured copies of

Soviet cartridges in several calibers, of which the
3 7 x 2 5 3 ~ c a r t r i d g e is t y p i c a l . This cartridge is
used in the Chinese Type 55 AA gun, a copy of the
Soviet M I 9 3 9 gun.

b. Cartridge Harking Practice. The markings

that appear on t h e Chinese-made cartridge of t h i s
c a l i b e r are as follows:

(1) The fuze, i f present, and projectile

carry stamped Western numerals that provide factory
code, l o t number, and year of manufacture. A
Chinese character m y also be present.

(2) The cartridge case is s t e n c i l e d in

four l i n e s with caliber, gun model, and propellant
DST-1160G-514-82-VOL 2
13 September 1982

and cartridge l o t data, using block-style Western

numerals. One or more Chinese markings may also
appear.

( 3 ) The headstamp is marked in block-

style Western numerals that include a factory
number, lot, and year of manufacture. The
percussion primer may carry a Chinese character,
together w i t h factory, lot, and year data.

(4) F i g u r e 7, view A, show8 a 37x253R

cartridge case of 1962 manufacture that includes
the number 167 (which is the Soviet index number
for cartridges of this caliber), the designation
37-55 ( w h i c h represents the c a l i b e r ) , and the
Chinese designation, Type 5 5 , for t h e gun that uses
t h i s cart ridge. Cartridges of recent manufacture
have dropped t h e index number 167 from the marking.
Views B and C show t w o styles of headstamp mark-
ings. Both indicate manufacture by a plant with
t h e code number 12, but i n different years-1951
and 1967. The block numerals are characteristic of
Chinese markings.
 DST-L160G-514-82-VOL 2
13 September 1982

Neg. 526260
Figure 7. Chinese Cartridge Markings
DST-1160G-5 14-82-VOL 2
13 September 1982

4. Czechoslovakia

a. General. Postwar Czechoslovak cartridge

tnanufacturing procedures have followed S o v i e t
practice in calibers and functional t y p e s , w i t h the
exception of cartridges for the t w i n 30-mm AA gun,
Model 53/70. Czechoslovak ammunition can be
recognized by t h e characteristic factory code
composed of three lowercase letters, which
resembles, but differs s l i g h t l y from, the letter
code used by Germany during World War LL. Cartridge
cases (and other items as well) may carry a crossed-
sword mark (see view C in fig 8 ) .

(1)Markings on Czechoslovak S o v i e t -
caliber ammunition follow the Soviet pattern but
differ in that designations and terms a t e In Czech.

Fuzes are stamped with a Czechoslovak

(2)
model designation, a factory code, and lot and year
data.

(3) Projectiles carry a stamped f a c t o r y

code and lot and year data. Stenciled mrkings are
a l s o found occasionally.

(4) The 23x115 and 30xlI.58 aircraft gun

cartridges, l i k e t h e i r Soviet: counterparts, have no
stenciled matklng on the cartridge case. The
37x115 cartridge cases, which d i f f e r from S o v i e t
cases in that they are made of lacquered s t e e l
rather than brass, carry a s t e n c i l e d marking that
includes c a l i b e r , projectile type, propellant data,
factory code, l o t number, and year (view 8 , f i g 7 ) .

(5) Headstamp markings vary in layout but

include t h e characteristic three-letter factory
code. View A in figure 8 shows a headstamp from a
23x115 cartridge; view C shows a 37x155 headstamp.
 DST-1160G-514-82-VOL 2
13 September I982

The l e t t e r s OTK in the l a t t e r headstamp are t h e

i n i t i a l s o f a government production directorate
that: can be equated roughly to " O f f ice of Technical
Control ..I

Neg. 526263
Figure 8. Czechoslovak Cartridge Markings
DST-1160G-514-82-VOt 2
13 September 1982

a. General. In recent years, Egypt has

produced eteel-cased 23xl52B cartridge^ of SovdLet
d e s i g n and Mspano-Suiza cartridges in calibers of
20x110 and 3Oxl7 0 . In appearance and construct ion,
these cartridges are similar t o t h e f t Soviet and
Swiss counterparts. They have no i d e n t i f y h g mark-
fngs other than the cartridge headetamp.

b. Cartridge Headstamp Markings.

(1) The headstamp amrkings, which are in

Arabic, include caliber, manufacture, and year of
production A description of the Arabic numberf ng
system and a glossary of ammunition terms are given
in section IV, paragraph 10 of Volume 1. The
Arabic numerals and their Western Equivalents
appear below:
 DST-1160G-514-82-VOL 2
13 September 1982

(2) View Ai a figure 9 shows the head-

stamp marking on a 20x110 Hispano-Suiza-type
TP cartridge, view B on a Soviet-type steel-cased
23x152H cartridge for 2U-23 (ZSU-23-4) guns, and
view C the marking on a 30x170 Hispano-Suiza type
HE-T cartridge.

Neg. 526262
Figure 9 . Egyptian Cartridge Heads tamp Markings
6. France

a. General. Projectiles in calibers of 20 mm

and above are color-coded t o provide a v i s u a l
indication of functional type and explosive
DST-ll6OG-514-82-VOL 2
13 September 1982

loading; they also carry stenciled markings t h a t

identify the projectile filler and indicate
presence of a tracer element. Cartridge cases may
carry stencf led markings ( g i v i n g c a l i b e t and gun
data) and p r o p e l l a n t l o t data. Stamped headstamp
markings include as a minimum the manufacturer, lot
number, and y e a r and may also i n c l u d e c a l i b e r and
gun designat Lon. Abbreviations for cart t l d g e and
component suppliers are given i n section IV, para-
graph 14b, of volume 1. T a b l e 11 provides some
abbreviations, with the corresponding French terms
and US equivalents, found in French cartridge
nomenclature in the 20- t o 40-mm range.

b. Color coding. French color coding gen-

e r a l l y follows the NATO color coding system for
calibers under 40 mm, but usage varies slightly for
ammunition i n c a l i b e r s of 40 mm and above. The
following e a b l e summarizes current French amtuuni-
tion color coding practice.

Table 11. French Color Coding Practices

- -

Func t iona 1
type

/
Projectile
body color
Letters and
markings color

Ammunition below 40 mm
1I Co Lor
band(s)

Yellow Black ot red : Red

Yellow Black or red Ked(par.6Cl
Black White ---(par.6C:
Black White ---(par.6C;

Ammunition 40 mm and above ( a l l calibers and types)

I

ti€ Olive green I Yellou we-

tlEI Olive green Red Ekd

QPHE O l i v e green Yellow Black
hP Black White W I D

4PI Black Red Ked

Incendiary Gray Red Red
 DST-1160G-514-82-VOL 2
13 September 1982

Table 11. French Color Codfng

Practices (Continued)

1 Functional

Smoke
DP'
Projectile

Gray
Letters and
body color markings color

Yellow
Color
band ( 8 )

Yellow
Smoke (WP) Gray Yellow Red
Illuminating Gray White White
Chemical Agent Gray Green Green
( casualty)
Tear gas Gray Violet Violet
Practice* Blue Yellow None

*Projectile contains an active element of same

type
c. Other Markings.

Presence of a tracer element is

(1)
indicated by three T's, placed 120' apart, in the
color prescribed for other projectile markings.

(2) Projectiles that contain an

explosive or other hazardous component carry an
identifying symbol consisting of a circle that
contains one or more letters. Except as noted f o r
white phosphorus, the circle and l e t t e r s are in t h e
color prescribed f o r other projectile markings.
When an inert phlegmatizer is added to an explosive
to reduce sensitivity t o shock, t h e basic explosive
symbol will be followed by the l e t t e r F. Mixtures
of explosives are i n d i c a t e d by a combination of
symbols, e , HAL for RDS/aluminum mixture.
Significance of the letter symbols fn current use
is shorn below:
DST-ll6OG-514-82-VOL 2
13 September 1982

P l a s t i c explosives with RDX base (Comp C)

Plastic explosives with PETN base
Picric acid/trinitrocresol (Cresylite)
Picric acid/dinitrophenol
Dinftronaphthalene
RDX (Hexogene)
RD~/alrrminum
Hexachlorethene (smoke)
Compoaition B
Picric acid (Melinite)
Mononit ronaphthalene
Picric acidlparaffin wax
Ammonium nitrate
Ammonium nitrate/alminum
PETN
Ammonium nitratelxylene
Various chlorate-based explosives
Ammonium perchloratelparaffin wax
-
White phosphorus (Note: Red letters i n red
circle).
-
Black powder
Schneiderite {Aluminum nitrate/
dinitronaphthalene)
TNT (Tolite)
Trinittoanisol
Trinitrophenetol
Tetryl

d. Cartridge Markings. F i g u r e 10 ehows two

cartridge headstamps and a cartridge case marking
from 30xL13B DEFA aircraft gun cartridges.
Table 1x1 provides abbreviations and terms used on
French cartridges.
 DST-1160G-514-82-VOL 2
13 September 1982

Neg. 526201
Figure 10. French Cartridge Markings
DST-1160C-514-82-VOL 2
13 September 1982

Table 111. Abbreviations and Terms on

French 20- t o 40- Cartridges

Abbreviation French US equivalent

~u&e Fuze
~ u s k e' Fuze, PDSD
Noyau Core;
penetrator
Obus Projectile
(shell)
Obus antipersonnel, HE1 (Apers)
explosif , incendiaire projectile
Obus e x p l o s i f HE projectile
Obus e x p l o s i f HE1 projectilr
incendiaire
Obus explosif HEL-T pro jec-
incendiaire, t raceur tile
Obus mine e x p l o s i f , H E 1 (mine)
incendiaire projectile
Obus incendiaire I n c e n d i a r y (I:
projectile
0 .P. Obus perforant AP projectile
O.P.I. Obus perf orant, API projectile
incendiatre
Obus yerforant, AP-T projec-
t raceur tile
Obus perforant, AH-T pro jec-
incendiaire, traceur t Lle
Obus yerforant, APDS-T
sous-calibre projectile
Obus exercice Practice ( P )
projectile
Obus exercice, Practice (P)
lest6 projectile
i n e r t -loaded
Obus exercice, Practice
traceur tracer (PT)
projectile
 DST-1160G-514-82-VOL 2
13 September 1982

7. Israel

a. General. Israeli-made cartridges can be

identified by the Hebrew letters t h a t appear in the
headstamp and on the projectile and cartridge case,
or by t h e manufacturer's initials M I ( I s r a e l i
Mili t a c y Industries) i f made for export. Markings
include manufacture, l o t , and year data.

b. Cartridge-Case Markings. Figure 11 shows

headstamp and case body markings on Israeli-made
30x1 1.38 cart ridges for t h e DEFA 500-series aircraft
guns. The headstamp in figure 11, v i e w A is from a
cartridge made for export; the marks in views R
and C are from cartridges made for internal use,
The Hebrew letters to the right o f "30-550" read
"WFA. "
DST-L160G-514-82-VOL 2
13 September 1982

C
Neg. 526261
Figure 11. Israeli Cartrid.ge Markings
 DST-1160G-514-82-VOL 2
1 3 September 1982

8. Spain

a. General. Except when otherwise specified,

spanish cartridges in calibers of 20 mm and above
are identified by a combination of stamped and
s t e n c i l e d markings and color code that identify the
cartridge as t o caliber and model; guna In which
used; f u n c t i o n a l type; f i l l e t ; and manufacturer,
l o t , and year.

b- Color Identification. Spain is con-

sidering the adoption of NATO standard color coding
in calibers of 20 nun and above. The colot coding
practice in current u8e i s somewhat different.
Norraally, only the projectile body, less fuze and
rotating band, will be c o l o r coded. The basic pro-
j e c t i l e body color indicates the functtonal type.
One or more color bands, i f present, i n d i c a t e addf-
tionaI functional characteristics. Current Spanish
color coding p r a c t i c e , including the color of sten-
c i l e d markings, is shown in the table I V . Excep-
t i o n s to t h i s marking practice are noted i n subpara-
graph d below.

Table I V . Spanish Colar Coding Practices

?uric t ional Projectile Letters and

type color markings colot
- - -

i i g h explosive Olivet green .Yellow

3urning-type Medium gray-brown White
Winor-piercing Black Yellow
Lncendiary Medium red Black
Smoke Light green Yellow
Cllumina t ing White Black
Practice (may Medium blue White
contain a
spotting charge)
Cnert for in- Orange
struction
DST-1160G-514-82-VOL 2
13 September 1982

T a b l e IV. Spanish Color Coding

Practices (Continued)

1 Functiorlal 1 Projectile 1I Markings

Letters and I
I Type I Color ~olorl
I

Chemical , M e d i u m gray Yellow

Contents ident-
i f i e d by color
bands, as follows:
1
Nonyersistent harassing agent: One red band
Persistent harassing agent: Two red bands
Nonyersistent t o x i c agent: One green band
P e r s i s t e n t toxic agent: Two green bands
Toxic nerve agent: Three green bands

c . Stenciled Markings. S t e n c i l e d markings

on the p r o j e c t i l e and cartridge case p r o v i d e
further information on t h e ammunit i o n . Projectile
markings will be i n t h e p r e v i o u s l y i n d i c a t e d
colors; b l a c k paint will be used for s t e n c i l e d
markings on brass cartridge cases and white p a i n t
for s t e e l cases.

(1) Markings on the projectile body

include welght zone squares, p r o j e c t i l e functional
type, projectile f i l l e r composition ( w i t h i n a
square), filler lot data, and a t w o d i g i t year
marking- If a tracer is present, t h e l e t t e r T will
appear. Letter codes f o r fucntfonal type and
f i l l e r compositions axe shown i n t a b l e V and VI.
 DST-1160G-514-82-VOL 2
13 September 1982

Table V. Functional Type Letter Codes

Iletter code [ Spanish term I US equivalent

I R- ( Rorpedor
Fumigeno
1 Fragmentation (HE)
Smoke
Illuminante Illuminating
Ej e r c i c i o Practice (followed by
abbreviation for the
functional type simu-
lated)
Ins. Inst ruccion Training (instruction)
Inc. Incendario Incendiary
C.H. Cargo Hueca HEAT
rJ.1). Nucleo Duro Hard core (AP)
Chemical

Table VI. Projectile Filler Letter Codes

A.T. Amatol
H.T. Composition B (Hexolite)
I NmA. Ammonium nitrate
I P- White phosphorus
P .A* Ammonium p i c r a t e
P-N* Black powder
TNT
picric a d d
TNT + alumlnum (Tritonal)

(2) Stenciled markings on the cartridge

case show the gun(s) in which used; muzzle v e l o c i -
t y , explosive charge weight, propellant l o t data,
and a two-digit year data. If a decoppering agent
is p r e s e n t , t h e l e t t e r s K O w i l l be added.

d.Stamped Markings. Mark& are stamped i n t o

the metal of t h e fuze, projectile body, and car-
tridge case to provide permanent identification
data. Stamped markings are a p p l i e d as follows:
DST-1160G-514-82-VOL 2
13 September I982

(1) On the fuze: Model, lot number,

manufacturer , and two-digit year date.

(2) On projectile ogive: Composition of

filler and punched weight zone marks.

(3) On projectile body: Functional type

code, caliber, model, lot data, and two-digit year
marking.

( 4 ) On cartridge case base: Caliber,

model, lot data, and two-digit year date.

e .None tandard Cartridge Markings. Several

service cartridges and t h e i r practice counterparts
in the 20- t o 40- range, which are of Swiss or
Swedish origin, carry markings t h a t do not conform
t o the procedures o u t l i n e d above. These variant
types ate described in table V I I .
 DST-1160G-514-82-VOL 2
13 September 1982

Table VII. Nonstandard Spanish Cart ridge Markings

Stenciled
Spanish Other Projectile markings on
Cartridge deslgna tion designation color code p r o jectlle

?.Ox128-mm Rompedor MSB/K Unpainted PAE* XNCD.

iEI Incendario ogfve; b r o m Lat C Year
body; red b M f K.
y e 1low bands
2 0x128-rn Perorate PSBH/B Blue ogive; PPAE* INCD.
Alto Esplosivo brown body; Lot # Year
Incendar Lo yellow band MEr.
20x128 P-T Ejercicio SUL Black ogive; PT. I N S .
Trazador w h i t e bank; Lot B Year
brown body Mf r.
35x228 HEI Rompedor MSB/K Yellow ogive; P M * LNCD.
Lncendar io brom h red tot # Year
bande Mf r,
35x228 P-T E jerclclo SU L Black ogive; PT. I N S -
Trazador nhi t e band; kt # Year
brown body Mfr.
00x345 R Ye 1low ogi ve ; A.A. 40-
IIE-T brown body; L/70 LOTE
white band PA* Lot
# Year CON
TWADOK

9. Sweden

a. General.

(1) Swedish service ammunition in

calibers of 20 mm or above can be Identified as to
functional type by a combination of projectile body
color and color bands. Basic projectile body
colors are as follows:

Projectile t y p e Projectile body color

AP, APHE Black

SAP Red
Ke Y e l l o w (on p r o j e c t i l e s in
calibers below 60-am only)
DST-L160C-5 14-82-VOL 2
13 September 1982
(2) HE,
Canister, smoke, incendiary,
flluminatiog projectiles and hand grenades may be
painted gray, be unpainted, or have a special
surface treatment. The functional type will be
indicated by color band8 placed around the center
of t h e projectile. Significance of color bands is
as follows:

Color band Projectile type -

Note

Yellow W Not used when basic

projectile color i s
yellow.

Orange Incendiary

Light gray Smoke

Black AP Secondary capability

Color bands are approximately one-tenth the projec-

t i l e diameter (but not less than 10 mm) i n width.
When more than one ring is present, they will be
spaced approximately a ring's w i d t h apart.

(3) Tracer ammunition may be indicated

by year model designation or a color band, as
follows :

When the tracer and projectile

(a)
have different year model designations, the last
two digits o f the tracer year model will be sten-
ciled on the p r o j e c t i l e ogive, i n the tracer color.
This may also be done, opttonally, when tracer and
pro jcctile have the same year model designation.
Height of figures will be one-f i f t h of the projec-
t i l e caliber, but not over 5 mm.

(b) Alternatively, when the tracer

and p r o j e c t i l e have t h e same year model designa-
tion, a color band in the tracer color may be
s t e n c i l e d on the projectile ogive. Width of t h e
 DST-1160G-514-82-VOL 2
13 September 1982

ring w i l l be one-tenth the projectile calibet (but

not over 5 mm) .
(c) A specific tracer marking is n o t
r e q u i r e d when a l l o f t h e following conditions are
met:

When the basic projectile color

is yellow.

men tracer and projectile year

model designations are the same.

0 When t h e projectile mode1 fs

manufactured only with a tracer.

a When the tracer color is normal

for that projectile model* This
provision applies to many HE-T
projecttles in the 20- t o 257-m
range.

(d) Practice ammunition that con-

tains an active fillet (explosive or incendiary)
will have elther a blue ring at least 1 cm i n
diameter or a blue painted projectile- A com-
pletely inert-loaded practice projectile will have
either a brown ring, three times the width of other
color rings for that caliber, or be painted brown
i n its entirety.

(e) A letter code indicating type of

projectile filler is placed next t o the corre-
sponding color band and in the eame color. If no
color band ie present, the letter or letters will
be in e i t h e r black o r white. Letter height will be
one-fifth the projectile caliber, and at least 1 cm
high when on the projectile body; letters will be
at least 20 nm high when placed on the color band.
The following letter codes are used:
DST-1160G-514-82-VOL 2
13 September 1982

A ..a*. Probably a TNT-ammonium nftrate mixture

(Trotan)
E RDX/TNT mixture (Hexotol)
F
H
.....
. e m * .

..**. White phosphorus

IUlX (Hexogen)
K .-... Black powder
N
R
.....
..... Trinitroanisol ( N i t r o f i t )
Smoke acid
T
z
..... TNT (Trotyl)
RD~/TNT/Aluminummixture (Hexotonal)
GKKT -.
..*.*
Shrapnel
LYS -.. illuminating
U V ... Shaped charge {HEAT)
ST ..** Steel balls

10. Switzerland'

a. General. Until recently, the Swiss

ammunition market was dominated by two rival firms,
Hispano-Suiza and Oerlikon, whose cartridges
differed in designation, headstamp marking, and
color coding. In recent years, Oerlikon has
absorbed Hispano-Suiza, and both cart ridge families
are now produced with the Oerlikon headstamp- The
Swiss Government has also produced cartridges i n
20- t o 401mn calibers with headstamp markings that
follow the small-arms marking pat tern described in
Volume I.

b. Projectile Types and Color Coding.

Hispano-Suiza and Oerlikon each had characteristic
functiona1 type designation and color coding sys-
tems t h a t were used for several calibers of car-
tridges over a period of years. Because of t h e i r
widespread use, these designations and color codes
are showa in tables VIIL and I X .

c. Cartridge Markinq. Representative head-

stamp markings on Swiss cartridge are given in f i g -
ure 12. V i e w A of figure 12 appears on a tiispano-
Suiza 30x170 cartridge and view B on an Oerlikon
20x128 cartridge.
166
 DST-1160G-514-82-VOL 2
13 September 1982

Neg- 526259
Figure 12- Swiss Cartridge Headstamp Markings

166.1
(Reverse Blank)
 DST-1160G-5 14-82-VOL 2
1 3 September 1982

Table VIII. ~ i s ~ a n d - ~ u iP
z rao j e c t i l e
Types and Color Coding

-
NOTE : "Body" refers t o "projectile
KB stands for "rotating band. *B
body" ;

Letter Functional
code t Y pe Color marking

EP Practice (P) S i l v e r body.

ET Practice tracer (PT) S i l v e r body; r e d band
above RB.
EDS Pract I c e spotter- Orange-brown body .
tracer
RI APL Pink ogive, o l i v e -
green body.
RIA APHEI (SU), w/fuze, Olive-green body w i t h
BDSD broad p i n k band above
K0-
KIC API v / f u z e , base, Olive-green ogive ,
igniting pink body.
KID APHEL, double effect Pink fuze and body;
(PD and BD fuzes, no olive-green band on
SD) lower projectile body,
KIF APHEI w/fuze, BD P i n k ogive; o l i v e -
(no SD) green body; y e l l o w
band above KB.
KINT APZ-T (HC) with Olive-green body;
tracer red band above RB;
black band above
red band.
KT AP-T, s p e c i a l Qlive-green body,
steel c o t e red band above RB.
UA HE w/fuze, PDSD Yellow body, silver
fuze.
UAT HE-T w / f uze, PDSU Yellow body; s i l v e r
f u z e ; red band above
RB -
DST-1160G-514-82-VOL 2
13 September 1982

Table V Z I L Mepano-Suiza Projectile

Types and Color Coding (Continued)

-
NOTE: "Body" refers t o "projectile body";
RB stands for "rotating band."

UIA HE1 (SD), mfne, with Pink body, yellow

UIAT
fuze, PDSD
HEX-T {SD), mine,
(brass) f uee .
Pink body, yellow
w i t h fuze, PDSD (brass) fuze, red
band above RBI

Table 1X. Oerlikon Projectile Typee and

Color Coding

-
NOTE: "Body" refers t o "projectile body. H

Color marking

Letter Functional First Second Fuze or

code type Body ring ring windshielc

HE1 (mine) Olive Light None Unpainted

with PDSO green
fuze
MEl-T (mine: 01ive Light Red Unpainted
with YUSD
fuze
Practice (P: Blue Ught None Blue
(HEI, mine green
type)
 DST-1160G-5 14-82-VOL 2
13 September 1982

Table I X . Oerlikon Projectile Types and

Color Coding (Continued)

-
NOTE: "Body" ref era t o "projectile body."

Color marking

Letter Punct ional First Second Fuze or

code type ring ring windshield

MUL Practice Blue Light Red Blue

tracer (PT) green
( W I - T mine
type)
PKLHT APDS-T (HC) Black* Black black Black
PUT APDS (HC) Black Black Black Black
PKLH AP-T (HC) Black Light Red Black
gray
P W AP-T Black None Black
PSBHIBAPm1 Olive Black None Olive
w/fuze ,
BDSD
PSBLH/B APHEZ-T , Olive Black Red Olive
w/fuze,
BDSD
PU Practice Blue Black None Blue
W), AP
tYP=
PUL Practice Blue Black Red Blue
tracer (PT),
AP-T type

*Tracer indicated by white T v s on body.

DST-1160G-514-82-VOL 2
13 September 1982

11. United Kingdom

a. General. Cartridges made in the United

Kingdom present a diversity of markings, reflecting
the perlod of manufacture, w i n g arm or service,
and type of weapon. Markings indicating model
designation, functional type, and producer may be
found on the fuze, projectile body, cartridge case,
and headstamp.

b. Cartridge Case Markings.

(1) Cartridge headstamp markings will

vary, depending on whether the cartridge was pro-
duced for Government use or for commercial sale to
foreign purchasers. A typical prewar commercial
headstamp is shown in figure 13. The headstamp
includes the manufacturer s initial K (for Kynoch,
a mark used by Imperial Chemical Industries, or
I C I , since the 1930s) and an indicator of the gun
for which made-in this instance, the 23-mm Danish
Madsen gun. The year of manufacture is 1938. The
l e t t e r S designates the functional type; it stands
for "service practice*' and indicates an inert-
loaded TP projectile.
 DST-1160G-514-82-VOt 2
13 September 1982

Neg. 526202
Figure 1 3 . UK Commercial Cart r i d g e
Heads tamp Markings
(2) Figure 14 shows typical marktngs on
20- cart ridge cases made a t Government arsenals.
The headstamps resemble those on UK small arms
cartridges of the World War I1 p e r i o d . The rnark-
ings shown in figure 14, view A, are an a 20x110
Hispano-Suiza cartridge. Those shown in v i e w B,
are on a 20xllORB Oerlikon cartridge, i d e n t i f i e d by
the l e t t e r s Oe; the l e t t e r Z i n d i c a t e s t h a t a nitro-
cellulose propellant is used rather than double-
base cordite. V i e w C shows a 20x110 Hispano-Suiza
case t h a t has producer and functional t y p e data
stamped above the e x t r a c t i o n groove.

(3) h e 30x1138 ADEN cartridges do

gun
n o t have a headstamp; i n s t e a d , c a l i b e r , producer,
and year data are stamped i n t o the extraction
groove, while functional t y p e , l o t , and producer
data are stamped on the cartridge case b e l t .
Figure 15 shows the marking on a 30xL13B cartridge
case,
Neg. 526203
Figure 15. UK 30xk138
Cart ridge-Case Harkfngs
 DST-L160G-514-82-VOL 2
13 September 1982

12. United S t a t e s

a- General.

(1) Markings on US-made cartridges have

varied widely over the years, depending on the
cartridge c a l i b e r , branch of service f o r which
made, and type or purpose o f gun.

(2) Fuzes carry stamped model designa-

tions, and projectiles frequently bear stamped or
s t e n c i l e d markings (or both) that include func-
tional type and model designations. Stenciled
markings may appear on the cartridge case body as
well. For the most part, 20x102 and 30- car-
tridges have no headstamp, and identification must
be established from markings on the projectile or
case body.

(3) Headstamp markings normally include a

gun model or cartridge case model designation,
manufacturer's initials, and a lot number. The
year of manufacture may also appear.

b . Color Identification .
Several color marking systems have
(1)
been used in the p a s t by t h e Unfted States, depend-
ing on the cartridge's proponent branch of service
and weapon type (aircraft gun, AA gun, or tank or
AT gun).

(2) The United States now uses for all

four services-Army , Navy, Air Force, Marines-the
standard NATO color coding system. Under t h i s eys-
tern, the pro jectilets primary functional type is
indicated by a specific color, normally a p p l i e d to
t h e projectile body. When the projectile combines
two or more functional roles, such as HE1 or APHE,
t h e p r o j e c t i l e w i l l be painted in an appropriate
combination of colors.
DST-1160C-514-82-VOL 2
13 September 1982

(3) When a color for a primary role does

n o t in itself i n d i c a t e the presence o f an explosive
or other hazardous component that could either
cause t h e projectile to function in a high-
explosive or low-explosive mode or be especially
hazardous t o the user, its presence may be i n d i -
cated by a narrow color band of the appropriate
color. The w i d t h of this band may n o t exceed one-
quarter of the projectile caliber or a maximum of
25 mm.

(4) Table X shows the color marking

system that has been adopted by NATO for cartridges
in calibers of 20 man and greater.

Table X. NATO Ammunition Color Codes

for Ammunition in Calibers of 20 mm and Above
- --

Color Significance
--

Yellow ldentif les HE ammunition, or

indicates t h e presence of a h i g h
explosive.

Brown Identifies low explosive i t e m s or

components, or indicates the p r e s -
ence o f a l o w explosive.

Gray Indicates chemical ammunition.

Gray with red Indicates a harassing agent f i l l e r

band(s)

Gray with dark Indicates a casualty agent f i l l e r

green band( s)
.
Black (note) Identifies AP ammunition, or i n d i -
cates an armor-piercing capability.
 DST-1160C;-514-82-VOL 2
13 September 1982

Table X . NATO Ammunition Color Codes

for Ammunition in C a l i b e r s of 20 mm
and Above (Continued)

Color S i g n i f icance

White ( n o t e ) Ldentifies illuminating a m u n i t i o n ,

or ammuni t Con producing colored
light(s) o r i n d i c a t e s presence o f
light-producing pyrotechnic
materials.

Light red Incendiary ammunition, or presence

of i n c e n d i a r y material or agent.

Light green Smoke ammunition, or presence of

a smoke-producing agent.

~ilver/aluminum Countermeasure ammunition

(radar echo, leaflet, e t c . ) .

Lfght blue Training or practice ammunition;

may have explosive components.

-
NOTE: The
l e t terlng,
colors black and w h i t e , when used for
have no coding significance.

.
c Cart ridge Markings. Figure 16 shows
representative US cartridge markings. Figure 16,
view A, shows the headstamp and pro jectLLe markings
on an Army 20x110 cartridge; the headstamp g i v e s
t h e caliber and case model, while the p r o j e c t i l e
marking shows p r o j e c t i l e model and functional type
(Tf, for target practice). V i e w 8 shows similar
markings on a 20x110 USN cartridge. View C shows
the stenciled markings on a 30x173 dummy cartridge
w i t h aluminum case. The cartridge has no head-
stamp.
UST-L160G-514-82-VOL 2
13 September 1982

A 8
Neg. 526257
Figure 16. US Cartridge Markings
 DST-1160G-514-82-VOL 2
13 September 1982

d. US Experimental 30-~mnCartridges. In the

course of postwar trials with improved revolver-
type aircraft cannon based on the World War 11
German Mauser MK-213 design, the United States
produced many t y p e s of experimental 30-m b e l t e d
cartridge cases in case lengths ranging f ram 86 mm
t o 126.5 mm. Table XI provides data on these cases
and on the guns and cartridges with which they were
used. Although most of these cases were made in
small quantities, the 30xl00B cartrzdge for the
percussion-primed WECM 30 helicopter gun and the
30x126.5B cartridge for the T182 and T212 gun8 were
produced in significant quantity. The United
States has decided t o standardize on t h e 30x113B
cartridge and now has a family of cartridges in
t h i s caliber that can be used in the United
~iogdom's ADEN gun and in the DEFA 500-series
aircraft guns, as well as in US-designed guns-

Table X I . Experimental US 30- Belted

cartridge Cases

aane u yet M7W. ~ 7 8 9 ,Wf99

(electric-pria.d)

I
PAT 15 TPOb, T205, t 2 0 6 ,
T201, 1206
(alectric-primed)

electric-primed;
mom percursion-
pried)
DST-L160G-514-82-VOL 2
13 September 1982

13. USSR

a. General. Tuo nomenclature and marking

systems are in use for Soviet cartridges ia the 20-
t o 40- caliber range- A l l cartridges below 25 m
in caliber (and the 30x1523 and 37x155 aircraft gun
cattridgea), are i d e n t i f i e d as to functional type
in t h e same way as small-arms ammunition, L e . , by
a two-letter or three-letter C y r i l l i c designator.
fn t h e second eyetem, AA gun cartridges such as the
25x2OSSR, 25x218, and 37x253R caliber8 follow the
practice f o r larger-caliber a r t i l l e r y ammunition.
Each cartridge type I s assigned a designator c o p
posed of three or four Cyrillic letters and a m u l t i -
digit number. The f i r s t letter of the designator
is always Y (U), indicating t h a t the cartridge is
of t h e fixed type. The other two or three Cyrillic
letters identify the cartridge as t o functional
type, as in the f i r s t system just described, while
the number is specific t o the gun in which the car-
tridge i s used-

b. Functional Types and Designators. A

l i m i t e d number of funct f o n d types of cartridges
exist in thts caliber range. Explosive projectiles
are normally HE1 ar MI-T t y p e s , w i t h PD fuzes,
although one 301nm frag-HE t y p e with a BD fuze is
known. API and API-T projectiles are today of
monobloc type; u n t i l the L950s, @ I projectiles
with hard steel penetrators were used. An incen-
diary mixture is found under the windshields of API
and API-T types. This incendiary is composed of
powdered aluminum, magnesium, and barium nitrate
and poses no hazard in storage or handling. Projec-
tile designators are presented in t h e i r abbreviated
C y r i l l i c f o m and in transliteration, together w i t h
their meaning, in the t a b l e .
 DST-1160G-Sl4-82-V0L 2-CHG I
30 August 2985

+Table XI1 . E x p l a n a t i o n of Soviet Projectile

Designators

Cyrillic Transliteration Meaning

- -

63 BZ API
63A R ZA , API (improved or
I modified model)
4
63T BZT API-T
03 OZ : HE1
03T OZT , HEL-T
0@3T OFZT
-- . - . . . . -
HE1 Frag-T
r- w = - z . - - . #

c. Cartridge Markings.

( 1 ) Fuzes carry stamped markings that

include t h e fuze model number and lot and year
data.

( 2 ) Cartridge cases that follow the

f i r s t nomenclature system described above do not
bear stenciled markings on the cartridge c a s e , w i t h
-
t h e sole exception of 37x155 a i r c r a f t gun amuni-
tion. All cartridges that have a r t i Uery-type
designators f o l l o w larger-caliber practice in
h a v i n g s t e n c i l e d markings an the cases.

( 3 ) Readstamp markings resemble those on

small-arms cartridges in that they contain a
numeral-type manufacturer's or factcry code and a
year i n d i c a t o r . Normally, the year indfcator is
composed o f the l a s t two d i g i t s of t h e year, but
from 1952 t o 1956, C y r i l l i c l e t t e r year codes were
used. These are:
~~T-l160G-S14-82-VOL 2-CHG 1
30 August 1985

d . Representative Markings.

(L)
Figure 17 shows representative Soviet
cartridge headstamp markings, a l l w i t h the producer
(factory) code 184. V i e w A is of a 23xl52B steel-
cased cartridge, views B and C are of 30xl55B
aircraft gun cartridges, and view D is of a 37x253R
cartridge. The headstamps in views C and D have
Cyrillic alphabetical year codes instead of
numerals.

C 0
Neg. 526256
Figure 17. S o v i e t Cartridge Headstamp
Markings
 DST-1160G-514-82-VOL 2-CHG 1
30 August 1985

( 2 ) I n figure 18, view A shows t h e case

markings on a 37x155 aircraft gun cartridge, and
vfew B illustrates those on a 37x253R cartridge.

(3) In addition t o factory code 1 8 4 ,

factory codes 513 and 606 are in wide use f o r 20-
t o 40-mm cartridges.

A B
Neg. 526255
+ F i g u r e 18. Soviet 37-mm
Cartridge-Case Markings
DST-1160G-514-82-VOL 2-CHG I
30 August 1985

14. West Cermany

a, General. West German cartridges can be

i d e n t i f i e d by the characteristic cartridge head-
stamp, projectile, and fuze model designation
markings. Artillery-type primers w i l l also carry
the model designation. The letters DM (Deutsches
Modell) followed by a one-, two-, or three-digit
number i n d i c a t e that the item i s , or w a s , a stan-
dard adopted model. Care must be taken not t o
identify a cartrfdge as West German solely on t h e
basis of the headstamp marking or primer model
a l o n e , since these components have been provided to
other countries for loading w i t h t h e i r own propel-
lants and projectiles. In t h b event, t h e prajec-
t i l e w i l l carry markings indicating f ts national
origin.

be Cartridge -Markfngs.

(1) The cartridge headstamp marking may

include the cartridge designation ( e , 20x139)
and case and primer model numbers, and normally
will include the i n i t i a l s of the manufacturer and a
l o t number, indicated by t h e word "Los" (lot).

(2) The projectile is stamped with i t s

model number, the manufacturer's initials, and
projectile body l o t d a t a . It may have s t e n c i l e d
markings indicating functional type, caliber,
model, and lot number of the filled p r o j e c t i l e .
Color markings will follow t h e NATO color marking
system described in paragraph 12. A nose f u z e will
carry the prefix letters AZ or AZZ and the model
designation, e - g . , AZZ DM 1 3 l A 1 . Projectiles and
cases made for the United S t a t e s may carry US model
and functional type designations. Some of t h e
German terms and abbreviations that appear o n
ammunition or packaging are presented in
t a b l e XIIT.
 DST-1160G-514-82-VOL 2-CHG 1
30 August 1985

*Table XIII. Germans Terms and Abbreviations

Used on Ammunf tion or Packaging

Abbreviatf on German term Engi i s h equivalent

A2 Auf schlagzunder Impact (PD) fuze

AZZ Auf schlagzunder , Self-destruct (PDSD)
Zerleger fuze
BZ Bodenzunder Base (BD) fuze
BZZ Bodenzunder , Self-destruct (BDSD)
Zerleger fuze
BR Brand- Incendiary
-- Geschoss Projectile
NK Hartkern Tungsten carbide (WC)
core
L'spur Leuchtspur Tracer ( a l s o indi-
cated by T t s sten-
c i l e d on the projec-
t f l e body)
Pz Panzer- AP
SB S prengbrand- HE1
SP= Spreng- HE
Ub ubungr Practice

V i e w A in f fgure 19 shows the head-

stamp marking on a 20x139 cartridge, view B shows a
typfcal projectile marking in the same caliber, and
view C shows a 40x36SR cartridge w i t h p r o j e c t i l e
marking.
DST-1160G-514-82-VOL 2-CHG 1
30 August 1985

Neg. 526254
Ffsure 19. West German
Cartrf dge Markfngs
 DST-L160G-514-82-VOL 2
13 September 1982

15. World War. 11--Germany and Japan

(1) German cartridges o f World War I1

manufacture can be identified by the characteristic
headstamp, projectile, and (often) cartridge-case
markings. Deepite a considerable variety of
styles, headstamp markings beginning in 1941
include a producer code made up of two or three
lower-case letters that identify the producer, a
l o t number, and a two-digit year date* A stylized
eagle stamp with either the letters WA for
"Waffenamt" (or Ordnance Bureau, far ground
ammunition), or t h e letter L for "Luftwaffe" {for
aircraft ammunition), together with a number, may
be found in t h e headetamp or on the projectile.
Figure 2 0 , view A, shows a t y p t c a l headstamp
marking.

(2) Projectiles carry a similar producer

code, l o t , and year marking. Fuzes may carry the
abbreviation AZ or AZZ followed by a model number,
or t h e y may carry j u s t the number. Projectiles and
cartridge cases may a l s o carry stenciled data.
V i e w e B and C in figure 20 show the markings on a
20x82 and a 37x250R cartridge respectively.
Further d e t a i l s on German ammunition during World
Wax I1 can be found in t h e US Army manual
Rt 9-1985-3/T0 398-1A-10 (see bibliography).

b. Japan.

1 Japanese cartridges can frequently be

identified as t o country of o r i g i n by the cartridge
dimensions alone, since many of t h e i r cartridges
were never produced in any other country. Car-
tridge designations unique to Japan are so
indicated ia section 111, part B, of t h i s guide.
For other cartridges, the presence of stamped or
stenciled markings that include Japanese characters
is conclusive as t o their origin.
DST-1160G-514-82-VOL 2
13 September 1982

World War 11 German

Ldge Markings
 DST-1160G-514-82-VUL 2
13 September 1982

(2) Cartridge cases may have no headstamp

or nay bear a character t h a t indicates the
producing arsenal, together with either Western or
oriental numerals showing the month and Japanese
year of production. Figure 21, view A, shows the
headstamp on a 20x72RB cartridge Lor a naval
AA gun-

Neg. 526252
Figure 21. World War I1 Japanese
Cartridge Markings
DST-1160G-514-82-VOL 2
13 September 1982

(3) P r o j e c t i l e s and cartridge cases may

carry stalaped or stenciled markings that can
i d e n t i f y the gun in which used, or the model or
functional t y p e of the projectile. Figure 21,
view 8 , shows the marking on a 37xl33K cartridge
for a Type 94 amy tank gun. Further d e t a i l s on
Japanese ammunition markings during World War 11
can be found i n t h e US Army manual TM 9-1985-5/
TO 398-1Ad12 (see bibliography).
 DST-1160G-514-82-VOL 2-CHG 1
30 August 1985

+SECTION V

AMMUNITION INTERCHANGEABILITY

Several of t h e c a r t r i d g e s presented i n this g u i d e

can be used interchangeably in two or more weapons,
L i s t e d below a r e significant examples of ammunition
interoperability, reflecting o n l y those guns and
ammunition i n current production and use. Tt
s h o u l d be n o t e d , however, t h a t t h e same cartridge
-
w i l l n o t f i t two weapons of d i f f e r e n r chamber s i z e
even though b o t h guns may be of t h e same c a l i b e r .
Cartridge priming can also a f f e c t interoperability
in that c a r t r i d g e s w i t h electric primers cannot be
f i r e d from a weapon having only a percussion firing
means, and vice-versa.

20x82-mm (Index No. 3 )

2-cn Mauser antitank gun

2-cm FLAK 38 AA gun
MG-151 /20 aircraft gun

20x99-mm (Index No. 5 )

-

20-mm Soviet ShVAK a i r c r a f t gun

20-mm subcaliber device for Soviet
122-aw howitzer, M-30 and MI938

20x102-mm (Index No.- 7.)

20-rmn US M39, M39A1 aircraft guns

20-mm US M61 aircraft gun
20-arm US M5O series aircraft gum

20xllORB-nm (Index Nq. 9 )

20-nrm Oerlikon Type "S"

20-mm Oerlikon Mk 2, 3 , or 4
2-cm FLAK M28/29 Oerlikon
DST-1160G-514-82-VOL 2-CHG 1
30 August 1985

29x110-mm (Index No. 10)

20-mm Hispano-Suiza HS 404 (percussion)

2~-rnm Hispano-Suiza HS 804 (percussion)
20-aun US M3 (percussion)
20-mm US M24 and M24A1 (electric)

20xllUmar USN (Index No. 11)

20-m US Mk 11 and Mk 12 naval AA gune

(electric)

20x128-mm (Index No. 16)

20-mm Oerlikon RK 206 aircraft gun (electric)

20-m Oerlikon RK 251 aircraft gun (electric)
20-m Oerlikon KAA (204 GK) AA gun (electric)
20-mm Oerlikon KAB (5TG) AA gun (electric)

20x139-mm (Index No. 18)

20-nnn Oerlikon KAD (HS 820 series)

20-mm Rhefnmetall Rh 202
20-mm US MI39

23x115-m (Index No. 23)

23-mm Soviet NR/Ns aircraft gun

23-m Soviet GSh-23 aircraft gun
23-mm Soviet AM-23 aircraft gun
231nm Chinese Types 2, 2H, and 2K
aircraft guns

23x152B-mm (Index No. 2 4 )

23-mm Sovfet W a aircraft gun (brass case)

23-mm subcaliber device for Soviet tank
main guns (brass case)
23-mrn Soviet zU-23 and ZSU-23-4 (steel
case)
 DST-1 l6OG-5 14-82-VOL 2-CHG 1
30 August 1985

25xl371nm (Index No. 26)

25-mm O e r l i k o n KRA AA gun

25-mm Mauser Model E automatic gun
25-mm US M242 automatic gun
25-mm US GAU-12A automatic gun

25x218-mm (Index No. 30)

25-mm S o v i e t twin naval AA gun

25-mm Chinese Type 61 twin naval
AA gun

30xl13R-mm (Index No. 37)

30-mm French DEFA Type 551, 552, and

553 a i r c r a f t guns
30-mm UK ADEN a i r c r a f t gun

30x15S~-mrn (Index No. 4 0 )

30-mm Soviet NR-30 a i r c r a f t gun

30-mm Chinese Type 1 a i r c r a f t gun

30x170-mm (Index No. 4 1 )

30-mu Oerlikon KCB (HSS 831 series)

30-mm UK RARDEN automatic gun

3Ux1731nm (Index No. 4 2 )

30-mm Oerlikon KCA ( 3 0 4 RK) aircraft

gun
30-m Mauser Model F automatic gun
30-ann US GAU-8A automatic gun
(percussion)
30-mm US GAU-9A automatic gun
(electric)
DST-1160C-514-82-VOL 2-CHG 1
30 August 1985

35x228-mm (Index do. 4 6 )

35-mm Oerlikon KDA AA gun

35-m Oer?.JIkon KDB AA gun
35-mm Oerlikon KDC AA gun

37x253R-mm (Index No. 62)

37-mm Soviet M1939 AA gun

37-m Chinese Type 55 AA gun
37-mm Chinese Type 65 t w i n AA gun
37- Chinese Type 74 t w i n AA gun
37-mm Chinese Type P793 twin Mi gun

40-m US grenade launcher M79

40-mm US grenade launcher ~ 2 0 3

4Ux53SR-mm (Index No. 7 1 )

40-nnt US grenade launcher M75

40-mm US grenade launcher XMl75
40-m US grenade launcher i4129
40-mm US automatic grenade
launcher Mk 19 Mod 0, 1, and 3
 DST-1L60G-514-82-VOL 2
13 September 1982

APPENDIX

EXPLOITATION KEPORTS ON 20- to 4 0 M CARTRIDGES*

(C) W . German 25.5-mm Sig Ctg Model DM-1, Jun 6 4 ,

FSTC Rpt 381-3052.

(C) W. German 25-mm Tng Ctg, Sep 6 4 , FSTC Rpt

381-3059-

(C) Swiss 20- AP-T 66,

CR-20-22-6 6 . Ctg, Apr FSTC Rpt

(U) W. German 21.5-m Sub-Cal Ctg, Mat 67, Rpt Nr

SI-8-68,699 H G - D P S 2471.

(C) Soviet 23-, FRAG-HEI-T, Type OFZT, Jul 67,

Rpt Nr CR-20-08-67.

(C) Swiss 20-mm HE1 C t g , Type MSB/K, Mar 69, Rpt

Nr CR-20-151-69.

(C) Soviet 30-mm Ctg, Feb 70, Rpt Nr CR-20-49-70.

(S-NOFORN) 20mm/30-mm HE1 AmxPo, Feb 70, Rpt Nr

ST-CR-20-62-7 0.

(U) Soviet 30-mm, FRAG/BEI, Model OFZ, Mar 71, Rpt

Nr CK-20-34-70.

*Security classification marking indicates classifi-

c a t i o n of document ; a l l titles are unclassified.
For assistance in obtaining any of the above
documents, c o n t a c t t h e US Army Foreign Science and
Technology Center, Library Services Branch (DRXST-
I S 3 ) 220 Seventh Street, NE., C h a r l o t t e s v i l l e , VA
22901 (AUTOVON 2 7 4 - 7 5 1 3 ) .
DST-1160C-514-82-VOL 2
13 September 1982

(U) Belgian 20-m Tng Ctg, Oct 71, Rpt Nr

CK-20-15-7 2

(U) Soviet 37-mn F W - T , Model VOR-167W, Dec 71

Rpt Nr CR-20-35-71.

(U) W. German 25- Tng Ctg, Mar 72, Kpt Nr

CK-20-29 (30,32,33)-72.

(U) Bulgarian 23-m API-T, Type BET, Apr 73, Rpt

Nr CR-20-34-7 3.

(FOUO) PRC 37-m Ctg, Aug 7 4 , Rpt Nr AST-1140X-

039-76.

(U) Israeli 30-m Ctg, Jul 75, Rpt Nr AST-1360X-

149-75.

(c) Ammo, 231nm (Soviet), Jan 79, Rpt Nr

8RL+lR-2898.

(C) 23-mm HE1 HEI-T (Soviet), Sep 76, Rpt Nr

BRL-2681

(C) Soviet 23- BET and HEI-T Ctg's, Sep 76, Rpt
N r B t U 2681.

(U) Soviet 23-nm Ctg's, Dec 76, Rpt Nr AST-17X-

103 (104-106)-75.

(U) Soviet 25-mm C t g , Dec 76, R p t Nr FSTC MX-17-66-

75

(U) Egyptian 23-mm Ctg, Dec 76, Rpt Nr FSTC AST-

17X-107(108)-75.

(C-NOFOKN) Soviet 23- Ammo, Jan 79, Rpt Nr

BRL-MR-2898.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

I. TM 9-1985-3/T0 39-1A-10, German Explosive

Ordnance, 1953 (UNCLASSIFZEU).

2- TM 9-1985-5/~0 39B-LA-12,
Ordnance, 1953 {UNCLASSIFIED).
Japanese Explosive

3. TM 9-1985-6/TO 39b-LA-8, Italian and French

Explosive Ordnance, 1953 (UNCLASS LFLED).

4. TM 9-1901-1, Ammunition for Aircraft Guns, 1957

(UNCLASS LFTED) .
5. TM 43-0001-28, Army Ammunition Data Sheets,
A p r i l 1977 (UNCLASSIFIED).

6 - DST-1160W-014-82, APets and Armor-Defeating

Ammunition Guide--Free World Countries, September
1982 (CONPIDENTIAL)4

7. DST-1160s-126-81. APers and Armor-Defeatine W>

Ammunition ~ u i d e - ~ June
~ ~ , 1981 (CONFIDENTIAL).

191
(Reverse Blank)
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JSOC
SPObb
WIT W4
LAIR
DUSA( OR)
111 CORPS
TCATA
1ST CAV DKV
1- INP DIV
36sm m co irr) ( 4 )
203D HI MTI'ALXON ( 6 )
OPPOSINGFORCTNGDET
4L7rK nrn
172m INF BDE (AK)
18TH ABN CORPS
B Z ABN
~ DIV
500'RI MIG
513TH HIG
466TH HID (STRAT)
10 SPG(ABN)lST!Z
826 MI BN (FLDA)
7lW SPC(A) (2) .
5 r xtw DIV (M)
7m 1m DXV
75TH IlqF RANCR REG
COMD-CEN STF CDL
IWrWTRY SCH ( 2 )
n s t - m cut-sm (5)
mmc (2)
USATTAC (GIPD)
'TRASMA
C O H a P T A M Y S ACCY
USlITAC (SRD)
ARnoR m (5)
PQDA DAMI-FIT
USAITAC (LIB) (2)
HQDh DAMI-FIY
S I X ' I U US hRMY
X L B ALBANY (22003
DZSTRIBUTZON CODE L9L
H I S C CBD DET 0003
fWSURPUPNCEN DAHL
NAVSCOLEOD
hSD/PCD/NT IS
PTD/NIIS (2)
AUL/ LSE
SOTFE (J-2)
USllpe 497RTG ( I R C )
ODCS IN(USAREUIII
21ST SUPPORT COMD (2)
SFDET [ABH) W R (20)
HQ V CORPS
HQ VII CORPS
IST IW DIV (WD)
HQ 3RD ARMORED DIV
HQ I ST ARMORED D l v
DISTUIWTIOM DKUCT TO lltCTPItWT (Continued)