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553 A To Z of Nausea and Vomiting Pall April 2020
553 A To Z of Nausea and Vomiting Pall April 2020
© 2020 The Christie NHS Foundation Trust. This document may be copied for use within the NHS only
on the condition that The Christie NHS Foundation Trust is acknowledged as the creator.
What is this guide about?
This guide has been written to help you
understand more about nausea (feeling
sick) and vomiting (being sick). It contains
information you may find useful to help
manage sickness.
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Bowel problems
Constipation or sluggish bowels can cause nausea and
vomiting. Common causes of this include:
Metabolic problems
Sometimes there can be a change in the balance of
chemicals in the blood. This can lead to nausea or vomiting.
A routine blood check will show up any abnormalities and
these can often be treated.
Mouth problems
Common mouth problems (such as oral thrush or other
infections) and sometimes thick sputum (phlegm) can lead
to nausea. Often these can be easily treated with a simple
course of medication.
Pain
Pain itself can lead to a feeling of nausea and even cause
vomiting. Treating and managing the pain can help to
improve both problems.
Anxiety
Anxiety is common in patients who are having treatment for
cancer. It is a common cause of nausea and vomiting.
There are various treatments for anxiety including
complementary therapies, psychological support and
medication.
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A guide to your anti-sickness medication
To prevent or treat sickness your doctor or nurse can
prescribe anti-sickness medication.
Sometimes we advise you to take anti-sickness medication
even if you are not feeling sick, as a preventative measure.
It is often easier to prevent the sickness before it happens
than it is to treat it when it is already there.
There are many different types of anti-sickness medications.
They all work in different ways to help control nausea and
vomiting. On the following pages there is an alphabetical list
of anti-sickness medications that we may prescribe for you.
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(Akynzeo®) Netupitant/Palonosetron
Netupitant/Palonosetron
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Aprepitant (Emend®)
Aprepitant
When do we use it?
Aprepitant is used for moderate to severe sickness caused by
chemotherapy. It is not routinely used but may be prescribed
in certain cases as advised by your oncology team.
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Cyclizine (Valoid®)
Cyclizine
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Dexamethasone (Dexsol®, Martapan®)
Dexamethasone
When do we use it?
Dexamethasone is a steroid. It can be used as an
antisickness medication for people having chemotherapy. It
is available as a tablet, liquid or injection. It is also available
as an oral solution.
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If you are prescribed aprepitant you will often have a dose
Dexamethasone
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Domperidone (Motilium®)
Domperidone
When do we use it?
Domperidone is commonly used to help treat sickness.
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Fosaprepitant (IV EMEND®)
Fosaprepitant
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Granisetron patches (Sancuso®)
Granisetron patches
When do we use it?
Granisetron is a strong anti-sickness medication for patients
having chemotherapy. It is available as a transdermal (skin)
patch, and as a tablet or injection. It is not routinely used
but may be prescribed in certain cases as advised by your
oncology team.
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Levomepromazine (Nozinan®, Levinan®)
Levomepromazine
When do we use it?
Levomepromazine can be used for moderate to severe
sickness.
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Lorazepam (Ativan®)
Lorazepam
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Metoclopramide (Maxolon®)
Metoclopramide
When do we use it?
Metoclopramide is commonly used to help treat sickness.
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Olanzapine (Zyprexa®)
Olanzapine
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Can I take it with my other anti-sickness medicine?
Ondansetron
Yes, olanzapine can be used in combination with most other
anti-sickness medications. However, the combination of
levomepromazine and/or haloperidol should be avoided.
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How do I take it?
Ondansetron
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Palonosetron (Aloxi®)
Palonosetron
When do we use it?
Palonosetron is a strong anti-sickness medication for
patients having chemotherapy.
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Prochlorperazine (Stemil®, Buccastem®)
Prochlorperazine
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Syringe drivers
In some cases, anti-sickness medication is given via a small
portable syringe pump called a syringe driver. Syringe drivers
are sometimes used for ‘difficult to control’ sickness or in
situations where there may be difficulties in swallowing anti
sickness medication. Syringe drivers can be used in hospital
or at home.
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Sit up to eat and don’t lie down immediately afterwards.
If possible, try not to go without food for too long –
nibbling frequently may help to keep the sickness under
control.
If you are being sick
Keep taking fluids – cold, clear fluids such as squash or
fruit juice. They are sometimes better sipped through a
straw. Slightly fizzy drinks may be helpful. Aim for 6 to 8
drinks a day. If you are consistently unable to keep fluids
down, please contact your Christie doctor or GP for
advice.
As the sickness starts to settle down, you can include
nourishing milky drinks.
Gradually move on to light meals and snacks.
For more information on eating when you are feeling
unwell, please read the Christie booklet ‘Eating – help
yourself’.
Complementary therapy
Relaxation techniques and hypnotherapy may help to reduce
feelings of nausea associated with chemotherapy. If given
before treatment, they can help to prevent vomiting before
starting chemotherapy or anticipatory sickness.
Some research studies have shown that
Acupressure of Neiguan (p6), which uses a
specially designed band applied to an area
of the wrist, can reduce chemotherapy-
associated nausea and vomiting.
At The Christie, we have nurse therapists
and senior complementary therapists
with training in medical acupuncture and
hypnotherapy.
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For further information please contact the complementary
health and well-being team on 0161 446 8236. Please
note these treatments are not a substitute for standard
conventional treatment and may not be suitable for all
patients.
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Other useful tips:
wear loose clothing
stay calm/try to relax yourself
move away from the sight/smell of food
place a cold cloth on your face
open the window/go outside for fresh air/turn on
a fan
distract yourself (read a magazine, watch TV/a film)
Tell your doctor or nurse that you had an episode of nausea/
vomiting when you next attend the hospital. Bring your anti-
sickness medication with you to the appointment.
After hours
The out-of-hours GP service (the phone number should be
on your local GP’s answerphone message) or The Christie
Hotline on 0161 446 3658 (if you are a Christie patient).
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If you need information in a different format,
such as easy read, large print, BSL, braille, email,
SMS text or other communication support,
please tell your ward or clinic nurse.
CHR/PALL/553/21.01.08 Version 3