Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Steroidreceptorseminar 120507095448 Phpapp02
Steroidreceptorseminar 120507095448 Phpapp02
CLASSIFICATION
• Steroid hormones can be grouped into five groups by the receptors to which they bind:
Glucocorticoids
Mineralocorticoids
Androgens
Estrogens
Progestagens
STEROID HORMONE RECEPTOR
• Steroid hormone receptors are proteins that have a binding site for a
particular steroid molecule.
• Steroid hormone receptors are found in the cytosol and also in the nucleus of
target cells.
• Steroid hormone receptor belong to NUCLEAR RECEPTOR FAMILY.
• They are ligand-activated proteins that regulate transcription of selected
genes.
• Their response elements are DNA sequences that are bound by the Hormone-
Receptor complex.
TYPES OF STEROID HORMONE RECEPTORS
MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF SHR
• The molecular structure of SHR shows presence of five distinct regions :
• Two end terminals – N terminal & C terminal.
• A hinge region
• Two domains – DNA binding domain & Ligand binding domain.
DNA Ligand
binding binding
domain domain
N terminal C terminal
Hinge
region
Act on DNA
Ist Model
• The DNA is wrapped tightly in nucleosome which is composed of histone fold domains.
• The nucleosome also consists an amino terminal tail rich in lysine .
• Acetylation of tail lysines reduces the affinity of histone to DNA, thus making it
accessible to transcription factors.
• The architecture of the nucleosome is also maintained.
IInd Model
• According to the 2nd model NURF induces an ATP dependent remodeling of chromatin
resulting in an unstable or transient opening of promoter nucleosome.
• In this case,NF1 acts as a wedge to stabilize the open conformation of chromatin.
REGULATION
• The action of steroid hormones is regulated by the presence of two components- Coactivators
and Corepressors.
• The activation or inhibition f transcription of genes by SH depend on the presence of these
components.
• They are a class of protein whose mechanism & function is synonymous to that of coenzymes &
inhibittors in case of enzyme action .
Corepressors
• Not much known about them.
• Antagonizes the effect of hormone to stimulate transcription from reporter genes.
COACTIVATORS
• Made up of amino acid motif.
• It is distinguished into two classes ;
i. Interacts with sequence specific transcription factors.
ii. Interacts with general machinery on core promoter elements. Eg. TATA box binding
protein.
REFERENCES
• BOOKS
Endocrinology by Hadley
Clinical endocrinology
General endocrinology by Bagrara & Tumer