2023 11th International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering & Technology - Signal and Information Processing (ICETET - SIP)

| 979-8-3503-4842-2/23/$31.00 ©2023 IEEE | DOI: 10.1109/ICETET-SIP58143.2023.10151583

2023 11th International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering & Technology - Signal and Information Processing
(ICETET - SIP)

Machine learning-based intelligent accident detection and

notification system in IoT network
Gopal Sunil Rathod
Department of Electronics and
Telecommunication Engineering,
G H Raisoni College of Engineering,
Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
gopalrathod189@gmail.com
Dr. Kapil Jajulwar Mr. Umesh Kubde
Department of Electronics and Managing Director
Telecommunication Engineering, LGPS Hybrid Energy Pvt. Ltd.
G H Raisoni College of Engineering, Narendra Nagar, Nagpur,
Nagpur, Maharashtra, India Maharashtra, India – 442001
kapil.jajulwar@raisoni.net lgpsenergy@gmail.com

Abstract - The number of traffic accidents is increasing every
day as the number of cars increases. It is said that 3 million
people die each year worldwide and 55 million people are injured.
Lack of emergency medical care at the scene of an accident or
long post-accident response times are the leading causes of death.
Cognitive aids can be used to detect incidents and alert traffic
watchers or rescue teams, reducing waiting times for lifesaving
operations. Transportation systems have received considerable
attention from industry and academia due to the growing demand
for urban exploration and have been seen as a way to improve
road safety in these areas. In this study, an IoT and machine
learning-based intelligent rescue team accident detection model
was presented. An IoT module has been developed that can
recognize an accident, collect all accident data such as position,
pressure, force and speed, and transmit all relevant data to the
cloud. Machine learning models are used in the cloud to validate
IoT module data and activate emergency modules after a failure
is detected.
Keywords - Accident Detection System, Machine Learning,
IoT.
I. INTRODUCTION
As the population grows, the need for transportation
systems grows geometrically. The sharp increase in traffic
accident rates over the last few decades should be of concern
to everyone. According to a detailed study by the WHO, road
accidents are becoming her 7th leading cause of death
globally, killing billions of folks each year. ASIRT guesses
that road accidents will be the fourth leading cause of death in
the future. The study found that in 2020 he recorded 61
accidents, 18 deaths and 78 injuries every hour. Lives are at
risk on the autobahn through irresponsible behavior and
deliberate disregard for driving rules. Accidents can occur for
many reasons, including speeding, driving through tight
spaces, cell phone use, and bad weather. Previous research
found that high speeds were a major cause of accidents.
Geographical localization of the accident site is extremely
important for rescue. Emergency assistance is provided
quickly in high traffic areas and urban areas, but it can be
difficult to provide quickly in rural areas and highways.
Delayed treatment has been shown to result in serious injuries
leading to death. The time need for an ambulance to reach at
the scene of an accident and take the person to a doctor has a
important effect on a victim's chances of survival. It's getting a
lot of attention Intelligent methods for accident detection and
notification are needed to decrease the total traffic casualty
Once the system identifies an incident, it can notify all major
solutions such as medical facilities, police departments, etc.
In the past decades, several mechanisms for accident
situation monitoring and warning have been published. Global
positioning systems are predominantly used in most of the
current methods of locating vehicles. Your car may have a
GPS that detects your accidental location and sends it to a
server in the cloud. Another popular collision warning solution
that every car should have an facility for emergency
notifications. The European Council has formed an emergency
call facility that should be present in all cars manufactured
from 2016 onwards. To collect accident data and send it to a
cloud server, this study suggest an intelligent accident-
detection & alert system. I'm here. It uses machine learning
techniques on cloud servers to assess the severity of accidents
and notify emergency services and medical services if
essential.
Accident data is sent to rescue teams for emergency medical
care. The main contributions of this research are:
• Proposal of an alarm system that utilizes a machine
learning model for detecting traffic accidents and IoT.
• A Compare the performance of the suggested system
with the present system.
Abstract of this paper: Section 2 introduces various present
techniques and methods for accident detection. Section 3
presents the complete architecture of the proposed accident
detection and warning system. Section 4 presents performance
estimation factors for measuring the performance of the
suggested system. Section 5 presented an analysis of the
results of the suggested classifier. Lastly, we discuss
completion and future scope.
II. RELATED WORK
Investigators have focused on the important issue of traffic
accident identification and warning systems. Over the past
years, many dissimilar accident detection and warning methods
have been suggested by several authors. This section describes
some of them. A accelerometer and GPS information were
used to determine the location of the accident. This technique
does not actually alert emergency services. Just identify the
accident. An accident detection technique has been proposed
that uses a GPS controller to locate the accident and send an

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 alert notification to the nearby emergency medical hospital. A
major disadvantage of this learning is that only a single sensor
was used. Hence, if the sensor is disabled, the whole structure
will not work. It can also lead to more false positives. The
proposed system uses vibration sensors and microprocessors to
detect and prevent car crashes. Microcontrollers are connected
to elements such as sensors, GSM, and GPS. Once the location
of the disaster is identified, the sensor converts the information
from the sensor, including speed, pressure, vibration, etc., and
sends an alert to any location earlier entered emergency
number. Emergency efforts cannot be held via such
mechanisms. An IOT established alarm and emergency system,
using GPS and accelerometers to gather complete data and talk
with a cloud server, was proposed.
In the event of an accident, an alert notification will be
directed to all listed mobile phone numbers. Proposed deep
learning model for accident detection and saving systems Wi-
Fi cameras are already installed on highways. Continuously
record traffic video and send to cloud server. Visual
examination is done in the cloud using deep neural networks.
Once an accident is discovered, the data will be sent to the
nearest rescue team. A mobile-based app has been developed
for accident detection and warning. Only GPS systems and
wireless accelerometers were used to find the accident. When
an accident is discovered, a message is sent to a registered
mobile phone and sent. Since the proposed application uses a
single sensor, failure of that sensor leads to failure of the entire
application.
Developed with another Android-based application that
uses a mobile phone to detect accidents and produce alerts by
an accelerometer and GPS system. The suggested application
will be used to alert the nearest emergency crew and saving
them from the accident sight. IoT-based car crash detection
and emergency saving mechanisms are suggested in The
design uses several hardware for example GPS devices,
buzzers, and vibration sensors to find and alert an accident.
After the location of the accident is determined, the alarm will
sound for 2 minutes and, if not stopped, the online facility will
send an alarm announcement to your listed mobile phone
number. Computer Intelligence Models for Incident Detection
and Emergency Systems The pre-trained model was used. This
model was trained to identify accidents in dissimilar weather
conditions, including monsoons, heavy fog, and poor visibility.
An image augmentation approach was adopted to extend the
database.
Combines IoT and artificial intelligence algorithms to
identify incidents and activate emergency subsystems.
Researchers first collect data about incidents involving IoT
devices and send it to the cloud for analysis. Such methods
process actual information on-site by fog handling instead of
directing it to the cloud for estimation. Based on the
complexity of the input video system information, the
proposed method uses machine learning techniques to
recognize accidents that might lead to incorrect results.
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An collective deep learning method to camera crash
detection was suggested in Audio and visual data from
cameras are collected in the proposed approach, and once
accidents are detected and classified, we use CNN and a deep
learning classifier called GRU. The main disadvantage of this
technique was camera was mounted on the dash and could be
spoiled in an accident. Since this technique depend on only on
cameras and does not practice an IoT gateway, it can rise the
number of wrong/false alarms. In we suggested a mixture of
machine and deep learning classifiers SVM and Convolutional
Neural Network, correspondingly, to offer an automated
system for noticing car crashes. Various feature selection
methods are used in the research work to choose the maximum
significant types from the delivered set of types. According to
researchers, the maximum accuracy during the test period is
86%, which is not enough for use in industrial cases.
III. PROPOSED METHODOLOGY
For automatic accident detection and notification. It
utilizes Internet of Things and machine learning to achieve
higher prediction performance. The recommendation system
he consists of two steps. The first stage, which utilizes Internet
of Things and machine learning model. So it can detect
accidents, and the second stage is to respond to emergencies
notifications.
A. Stage-1
Machine Learning and IoT subsection should look like
this:
• Hardware Section: The main feature is the hardware
at the heart of the proposed accident detection system.
Uses many IoT sensors and gadgets. To power the
entire chassis board, he needs his second 5V DC
power supply connected to the mains. The following
section provides an overview of the many sensors and
other components used in the proposed system.
• Sensors: This forms the basis of the proposed
collision detection system. FlexiForce sensors are
used to measure vehicle forces. It has the largest
sensor area of 19.8mm with a 2-pin connector. This
sensor has a force range of 0-25 pounds only. The
operating range can be changed by adjusting the
control voltage and the magnitude of the output
resistance.
• Microcontroller: Microcontrollers are used to direct
connections to sensors and manage multiple devices.
An impact is recorded when the force exceeds 400 Pa.
If a collision detection triggers an alarm.
• Raspberry Pi: board is connected to a Wi-Fi network
and a cloud server to upload photos and videos to
assess the severity of events.
• GPS/GSM: Support rescue teams and communicate
with other rescue services such as police stations,
 ambulances, and families. It is connected to a
microcontroller and used to identify problems.
• Machine Learning Module: Thanks to decades of
progress, machine learning techniques can now be
used more efficiently across all industries. Most
incident detection systems in use today simply use
machine learning and various sensors to identify
events. So, random data is sent to the rescue team. As
there is usage of sensors hence, More accurate in false
positives. If the output of the machine learning model
is an accident, only the accident scene is reported to
the rescue team.

Fig.1. Block Diagram of accident detection system.

Fig.3. flow accident detection system
B. Stage-2

Dataset Description: The dataset contains a total of 600 IV. PERFORMANCE ESTIMATION
random and non-random images.
Efficiency for suggested model was estimated by means of
Alert System: Precision, Recall, F1-Score and Accuracy. This is the equation
that provides the measure of evaluation.
In the accident detection for the video input using the
camera or the pre-recorded videos as input data. Processing
section is used to read the input data frame by frame and
processed data should give to the convolution neural network.
The will do the object detection on the input data and it will
give us the bounding boxes also need to calculate the depth
estimation. This data will go to an accident detection
algorithm.

Where,
TP - true positive,
FP - false positive,
TN - true negative,
FP - false positive.

Fig.2. Alert system.

Based on this algorithm accidents detection will happen.

Once the accident is detected the alert system will send alters
to the medical teams and the police station.

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 V. RESULT ANALYSIS

The machine learning model implementation with basic

Python programming and test images are scaled to 150 × 150
with random forest and support vector machines.

Fig.7. Non-accident image data bars represent.

Fig.4. Non accident detection

VI. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE

Due to the perfect road conditions in the modern city,

more road accidents happen when drivers drive their vehicles
at higher speeds. Despite the advent of many accident
identification and warning systems, many deaths continue to
occur. The problem is compounded, only in part, by poor
automated incident detection, inadequate alarms, and
inadequate emergency response. Two machine learning-based
models are used to evaluate outcomes on the IoT network and
perform emergency services. In the first phase of the proposed
system, use IoT components for accident detection.
Fig.5. Accident detection
IoT sensor for vehicle impact assessment and GPS module
for vehicle speed determination and accident detection, and
Figures show the performance estimation for this
sends all relevant vehicle data to a cloud server. Pre-trained
suggested machine learning models and random and non-
models with random forests and support vector machine are
random image data. random forest classifiers performed well
used in the second stage to reduce false detection rates and
for random and non-random image data. It gives 99% accident
send alerts to the closest tracing groups. In the future, safety
and non-accident detection accuracy.
features will be added to the proposed machine learning model
and to address fatigue detection.

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