1. What is ERP?

Explain the purpose and different modules of ERP systems in

an organisation?

ANS Enterprise resource planning (ERP) refers to a type of software that

organizations use to manage day-to-day business activities such
as accounting, procurement, project management, risk management and
compliance, and supply chain operations.

ERP Process
The ERP process typically involves the following steps:
i. Data collection: Data is collected from a variety of sources, such as point-of-sale
systems, sensors, and customer interactions.
ii. Data integration: The collected data is integrated into a single database.
iii. Data analysis: The data is analyzed to identify trends and patterns.
iv. Decision-making: The insights from the data analysis are used to make informed
decisions.
v. Action: The decisions are implemented and the process is repeated.
ERP systems typically have a number of different modules, each of which
manages a specific business process. Some of the most common ERP modules
include:
i. Financial accounting: This module manages the organization's financial
transactions, such as accounts receivable, accounts payable, and general ledger.
ii. Management accounting: This module provides financial information to help
managers make informed decisions.
iii. Procurement: This module manages the organization's purchasing process, from
requisition to payment.
iv. Supply chain management: This module manages the organization's supply
chain, from sourcing to delivery.
v. Manufacturing: This module manages the organization's manufacturing
process, from planning to production.
vi. Project management: This module manages the organization's projects, from
planning to execution.
vii. Human resources: This module manages the organization's human
resources, such as payroll, benefits, and hiring.
viii. Customer relationship management (CRM): This module manages the
organization's relationships with its customers.

2. What is the primary goal of knowledge management information system?

ANS The main goal of knowledge management is to improve an

organization's efficiency and save knowledge within the company.

i. Knowledge management is an essential and conscious process within an

organization.
ii. It has to do with the definition, retention, sharing, structuring of knowledge, and
employee experience within the organization.
 iii. With knowledge management, it is easy to improve work efficiency within the
organization and retain knowledge.
iv. In short words, knowledge management refers to how you train your employees
and how they learn within the organization.
v. Knowledge is created, audited, shared in a manner that ensures growth and
effectiveness in the organization.
vi. Knowledge management also ensures that employees within the organization are
knowledge seekers.
vii. If knowledge management is successful in an organization, it will help the growth
of the organization.
viii. This way, employees with specialized knowledge won’t leave the company void of
their experience when they go to other companies or retire.
ix. Also, other employees will be able to use this knowledge in their presence or
absence. This will also create a better awareness of the situation and opens the
door for organizational learning and improvement.

3. What are the key functionalities provided by fleet management information

system?

Fleet management information systems (FMISs) offer a wide range of

functionalities to help businesses optimize their fleet operations. These
functionalities can be broadly categorized into the following areas:

i. Vehicle tracking and monitoring: FMISs provide real-time visibility into the
location and status of all vehicles in the fleet. This information can be used to
track vehicle movements, optimize routes, and identify potential problems.
ii. Fuel management: FMISs can track fuel consumption, identify areas of waste,
and provide recommendations for improving fuel efficiency. This can lead to
significant cost savings for businesses with large fleets.
iii. Driver behavior monitoring: FMISs can monitor driver behavior, such as
speeding, harsh braking, and excessive idling. This information can be used to
identify unsafe driving habits and coach drivers to improve their behavior. This can
lead to reduced accidents and lower insurance costs.
iv. Maintenance management: FMISs can track vehicle maintenance schedules,
identify potential problems, and schedule maintenance appointments. This can
help to prevent breakdowns and keep vehicles in good working order.
v. Dispatch and route optimization: FMISs can help to optimize dispatch and
route planning, which can save time and fuel. This can also improve customer
service by reducing delivery times.
vi. Reporting and analytics: FMISs provide comprehensive reporting and analytics
capabilities that can be used to identify trends and make data-driven decisions.
This can help businesses to improve their overall fleet management performance.
 4. What is IT architecture and design? Explain the development of complex
software systems.

IT architecture and design refer to the process of planning, designing, and

constructing IT systems to meet the specific needs of an organization.
It involves defining the overall structure and components of the IT system, as well
as the relationships between those components.
IT architecture and design play a crucial role in ensuring that IT systems are
efficient, reliable, and secure, and that they align with the organization's business
objectives.
The development of complex software systems typically involves a series of
phases, including:
i. Requirements gathering: This phase involves identifying the needs of the users
and stakeholders of the system.
ii. System design: This phase involves creating a detailed plan for the system,
including its architecture, components, and interfaces.
iii. Implementation: This phase involves developing the software code for the system.
iv. Testing: This phase involves testing the system to ensure that it meets the
requirements and is free of defects.
v. Deployment: This phase involves installing and deploying the system in
production.
vi. Maintenance: This phase involves maintaining the system and fixing any defects
that are discovered.

5. Explain the concept of OLAP and multi dimensional OLAP in data analysis.

OLAP (Online Analytical Processing) is a type of data processing technology

that is specifically designed for complex data analysis and decision-making. It
provides fast and efficient access to multidimensional data, allowing users to
analyze data from different perspectives and identify trends and patterns that
would be difficult to see with traditional data processing methods.
Multidimensional OLAP (MOLAP) is a specific type of OLAP that stores data in
a multidimensional array or cube. This structure allows for very fast analysis of
complex data, as queries can be processed against the cube itself, rather than
having to go back to the original data source. MOLAP cubes are typically pre-
calculated and stored in memory, which makes them very fast for ad-hoc queries.
Benefits of OLAP and Multidimensional OLAP :
i. Fast and efficient data analysis: OLAP and MOLAP allow for very fast analysis
of complex data, even with large datasets.
ii. Easy-to-use query interface: OLAP tools typically provide a user-friendly
interface that makes it easy for users to query data without having to know SQL or
other complex query languages.
iii. Ability to drill down and aggregate data: OLAP allows users to drill down into
data to see more detail or to aggregate data to see trends.
iv. Support for complex calculations: OLAP tools can perform complex
calculations on data, such as averages, sums, and percentages.
 6. Define intellectual Capital in context of business organisation.

In the context of a business organization, intellectual capital refers to the collective

knowledge, skills, and expertise of its employees, as well as the organization's
internal processes, systems, and relationships that contribute to its competitive
advantage. It encompasses the intangible assets that distinguish a company from
its competitors and drive its long-term success.

Intellectual capital can be broadly categorized into three main components:

i. Human capital: This consists of the knowledge, skills, and experience of the
organization's employees. It includes factors such as education, training,
expertise, creativity, and problem-solving abilities.
ii. Structural capital: This refers to the organization's internal processes, systems,
and procedures that capture and leverage the knowledge and skills of its
employees. It includes factors such as organizational culture, knowledge
management systems, innovation processes, and collaboration platforms.
iii. Relational capital: This encompasses the organization's relationships with its
customers, suppliers, partners, and other stakeholders. It includes factors such as
brand reputation, customer loyalty, supplier networks, and industry alliances.

7. Explain the difference between private cloud & public cloud.

Feature Private Cloud Public Cloud

Ownership On-premises, owned and Off-premises, owned and
operated by the operated by a third-party cloud
organization provider

Deployment Deployed within the Deployed in the cloud

organization's data center
or a dedicated facility
Control Full control over
infrastructure, security,
and data
Scalability Limited scalability
compared to public cloud
Cost Can be more expensive
due to hardware and
maintenance costs
Security Higher level of security
and privacy due to on-
premises control
provider's data centers
Shared control with the cloud
provider
High scalability to
accommodate fluctuating
demands
Typically more cost-effective
for organizations with
unpredictable usage patterns
Security measures
implemented by the cloud
provider, but organizations
may have less control over
 data security
Suitability Suitable for organizations Suitable for organizations that
with sensitive data, prioritize cost-efficiency,
regulatory compliance scalability, and rapid
requirements, or a need deployment
for high customization

8. Data warehousing & Data mines (difference between)

9. Define MIS & characteristics of MIS.

A management information system aims at meeting the information needs of
managers, predominantly with regard to the current and past operations of the
enterprise.
Management information system is a system which provides precise, timely and
meaningful data for management planning, analysis and control to optimize the
growth of the organization.
Characteristics of MIS
i. Systems Approach : The information system follows a systems approach.
Systems approach means taking a comprehensive view or a complete look at the
interlocking sub-systems that operate within an organization.
ii. Management Oriented : Management oriented characteristic of MIS implies that
the management actively directs the system development efforts. For planning of
MIS, top-down approach should be followed. Top down approach suggests that
the system development starts from the determination of management's needs
and overall business objective. To ensure that the implementation of systems
polices meet the specification of the system, continued review and participation of
the manager is necessary.
 iii. Need Based : MIS design should be as per the information needs of managers at
different levels.
iv. Exception Based : MIS should be developed on the exception based also, which
means that in an abnormal situation, there should be immediate reporting about
the exceptional situation to the decision -makers at the required level.
v. Future Oriented : MIS should not merely provide past of historical information;
rather it should provide information, on the basis of future projections on the
actions to be initiated.
vi. Integrated : Integration is significant because of its ability to produce more
meaningful information. Integration means taking a comprehensive view or looking
at the complete picture of the interlocking subsystems that operate within the
company.
vii. Common Data Flow : Common data flow includes avoiding duplication, combining
similar functions and simplifying operations wherever possible. The development
of common data flow is an economically sound and logical concept, but it must be
viewed from a practical angle
viii. Long Term Planning : MIS is developed over relatively long periods. A heavy
element of planning should be involved.
ix. Sub System Concept : The MIS should be viewed as a single entity, but it must be
broken down into digestible sub-systems which are more meaningful.
x. Central Database : In the MIS there should be common data base for whole
system
10. What is business Intelligence & explain the elements of BI enrolment.
“Business intelligence” is a term used by hardware and software vendors and
information technology consultants to describe the infrastructure for warehousing,
integrating, reporting, and analyzing data that comes from the business
environment. The foundation infrastructure collects, stores, MIS for Logistics
cleans, and makes relevant information available to managers.