Topic area: Trigonometry

1. Convert 60° to radians in terms of 𝜋.

2. Convert 𝜋6 to degrees
3. Convert 20 grades to radians and degrees
4. Without using calculator , calculate
2𝜋 𝜋 4𝜋 −𝜋 −𝜋
𝑠𝑖𝑛 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛
3 3 3 3 3
5. Based on triangle State and explain cosine law
6. Based on triangle State and explain sine law
7. Find the length of the side BC of triangle ABC in which AB = 7
cm , AC = 9 cm and the angle BAC = 71 degrees
8. Write the difference between angle of elevation and angle of
depression
9. Find a positive and a negative angle coterminal with a 45° angle
10. Find a positive and a negative angle coterminal with a 𝜋2 angle
11. Given that: 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 = 12 find the exact value of 𝑠𝑖𝑛4𝑥 +
𝑐𝑜𝑠 4 𝑥
cos(𝐴−𝐵)
12. Verify that the expressions tan A + cot B and
𝐶𝑜𝑠𝐴𝑆𝑖𝑛𝐵
are equal
whenever both expressions have meaning.
13. Show that Cos3A=4𝐶𝑜𝑠 3 A-3CosA
14. Solve the following equation Cos2x-Cosx=0 for 0≤ 𝑥 ≤ 360°
3 𝜋
15. If sinA= and
5 2
< 𝐴 < 𝜋.Find the exact values of sin2A and
cos2A
16. Consider the following figure:

̅̅̅̅ = 𝑥. Find 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼, 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛼

ABCD is a square 𝐶𝐸 = 𝐴𝐸, 𝐵𝐷
17. Find the three angles of the triangle

18. An aero plane flying horizontally 1 km above the ground is

observed at an elevation of 60°. If after 10 seconds the elevation
is observed to be 30°, find the uniform speed per hour of the aero
plane.
19. A person standing on the bank of a river observes that the
angle subtended by a tree on the opposite bank is 450 When he
retreats 50 metres from the bank, he finds the angle to be 300
Find the breadth of the river and the height of the tree.
20. Show that : 𝑠𝑖𝑛4 𝑥 (3 − 2𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥) + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 4 𝑥(3 − 2𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥) = 1
𝜋 𝜋
21. Prove that : 𝑠𝑒𝑐 ( + 𝑥) 𝑠𝑒𝑐 ( − 𝑥) = 2𝑠𝑒𝑐2𝑥
4 4

22. Use addition and subtraction formulae to find 𝑡𝑎𝑛 3300

𝑎 𝑎 𝜋
23. If 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝐴 =
𝑎+1
, 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝐵 =
2𝑎+1
Show that 𝐴 + 𝐵 =
4
24. Prove that :
sin (𝑛 + 1)𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑛 + 2)𝑥 + cos (𝑛 + 1)𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑛 + 2)𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑎 3𝜋
25. Given that 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 = 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝜋 ≤ 𝑥 ≤
𝑏 2
; Evaluate
a) Sin 2x b) tan2x
1−𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑥
26. Show that: cos 2𝑥 =
1+𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑥
27. Express 𝑐𝑜𝑠8𝑥 in function of sin x

28. Prove that: √2 + √2 + √2 + 2𝑐𝑜𝑠8𝑥 = 2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥

𝑠𝑖𝑛5𝑥−2𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑥+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
29. Prove that :
𝑐𝑜𝑠5𝑥−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥

30. Let 𝐴 = 4𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 + 2𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 − 3 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑥 ∈ (−𝜋, 𝜋)

a. Express A in terms of cos 2𝑥
1
b. Determine the values of x for 𝐴 =
2
31. A right triangle ABC, is rectangle in A such that
𝐴𝐵 = 22𝑐𝑚 and 𝐴𝑐 = 50𝑐𝑚
a. Find the measure of the angle ACB
b. Determine the real number n such that 𝐵𝐶 = 2√𝑛
𝜋
𝑥−𝑦 = 0 < 𝑥 < 2𝜋
4
32. Solve for (x, y) : { √2
where {
0 < 𝑦 < 2𝜋
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦 =
2

33. Eliminate 𝜃 from the following pairs of expressions.

𝑥 + 1 = cos 2𝜃
{
𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
34. Show that sin(𝑥 − 600 ) − 𝑐𝑜𝑠(30 − 𝑥) = 1, can be written in the
form 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 = 𝑘, where k is a constant . hence solve the equation ,
for 00 < 𝑥 < 1800
35. Show that the equation 𝑡𝑎𝑛(300 + 𝜃) = 2𝑡𝑎𝑛(600 − 𝜃) can be
written in the form 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃 + 6√3𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 − 5 = 0
𝑥 𝑥
36. Transform in sum the product 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑠
2 3
𝜋 𝜋 √3+1
37. Solve : 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (𝑥 − ) 𝑐𝑜𝑠 (𝑥 − ) =
6 3 4
38. Solve : sin8x + sin2x + sin4x + sin6x = 0 for : 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1800
39. Solve :2𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 − 5𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 1 = 0 𝑓𝑜𝑟 x𝜀[0, 𝜋]
40. Solve : 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 ; 𝑥 ∈ (0,2𝜋)
41. Solve the equation : 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝜗 + 600 ) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜗
42. Solve the equation 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 − (√3 + 1)𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 = 0
43. Solve the equation :𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠5𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠7𝑥 = 0
44. Solve the equation : 2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + √3𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 = 1 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
45. Solve the equation : √2𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 = 1
√2
46. Solve the inequality : 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 ≥
2
𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥𝜖[0,2𝜋]
47. Solve the inequality: 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 ≥ 1 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥𝜖[0,2𝜋]
48. Eliminate 𝑡 from the following pair of relation

𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 − 𝑦𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡 = 𝑎
{ what is your observation
𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡 + 𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 = 𝑏
49. Factorize the expression 6𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 + 3𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 + 4𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 + 2
hence solve the equation
6𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 + 3𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 + 4𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 + 2 = 0 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝜋 ≤ 𝜃 ≤ 𝜋
50. The horizontal displacement d of the end of a pendulum
is d = K sin 2π t . Find K if d =12 centimeters and t = 3.25 seconds
51. A ray of light is incident through glass, with refractive index
1.52, on an interface separating glass and water with refractive
index 1.32 What is the angle of refraction if the angle of
incidence of the ray in glass is 25 ° ?
3 𝜋 4
52. If 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼 = , 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 0 < 𝛼 <
5 2
𝑎𝑛𝑑 sin 𝛽 = ,
5
𝜋
𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 < 𝛽 < 𝜋 Evaluate cos(𝛼 + 𝛽) ; tan(𝛼 − 𝛽) without
2
the use of calculator
53. Two sides of the triangle have lengths of 50cm and 80cm
respectively . The Measure of their included angle is 600 find the
length of the side opposite to 600 approximately
7 𝜋
54. If tan 2𝐴 =
24
,0 < 𝐴 <
4
find the value of tan A

55. Copy and complete the following table :

56. Simplify the functions a. 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 (𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥) 𝑏. 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 (𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 𝑥)
𝜋
57. Prove that : 𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 𝑥 =
2
𝜋
58. Prove that : 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 𝑥 =
2
𝜋
59. Prove that : 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 =
−1 −1
2
60. Given that 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (𝑥), 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 (𝑥) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (1 − 𝑥) are acute angle
i. Prove that: 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (𝑥) − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 (𝑥)) = 2𝑥 2 − 1
ii. Solve the equation : 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (𝑥) − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 (𝑥) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (1 − 𝑥)
𝜋
61. Solve the following equation Arctanx+ Arctan√3 =
4
𝑥 2 −1
62. Evaluate the following limits: lim
𝑥→1 arcsin(1−𝑥)

63. differentiate y=sin32x

64. Calculate

𝑠𝑖𝑛8𝑥 sin(𝑥 2 −3𝑥)

a) lim b) lim
𝑥→0 𝑠𝑖𝑛5𝑥 𝑥→3 𝑥 2 −9

𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
65. Given 𝑦 =
𝑥
prove that : 𝑥𝑦 ′′ + 2𝑦 ′ + 𝑥𝑦 = 0
66. Find the derivative of y   x3  1 cos 1 6 x
67. Evaluate the following limit lim
x 
tan 1 ( x3  2 x 2  10)

68. Assume that a particles position on X-axis is given by

X  3cos t  4sin t where X is measured in meters and t is in seconds
find the particles velocity where t=0 ;t=π
dy 1
69. Let y  arcsin x as x  sin y show that 
dx 1  x2
70. Find the derivative of y   x3  1 cos 1 6 x
71. Evaluate lim  sec   tan  

2

5 2
72. Show that arccos
13
 2 arctan
3

73. If f ( x)  tan  3 2 x   find the fundamental period.
 6
74. Given 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑛 𝑥, n is a constant calculate 𝑦 ′ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 ′′ hence
show that 𝑦 ′′ + 𝑛2 𝑦 = 𝑛(𝑛 − 1)𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑛−2 𝑥
𝑑
75. Prove that :
𝑑𝑥
(𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑛 𝑥) = 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥{𝑛 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑛−1 𝑥 + (𝑛 + 1)𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑛+1 𝑥}
for n =1,2,…
𝑑𝑦 2−4𝑥 2
76. Given 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛(2𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑥) show that
𝑑𝑥
=
√1−𝑥 2

77. Find 𝑛𝑡ℎ derivative for: a. 𝑦(𝑥) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 ; b. y(x) = sin x

+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
78. Calculate the following limits:
tan x  sin x
𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑥 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥.𝑙𝑛(1+𝑥 2 )
lim
a. lim (𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 b. lim x0 x3
𝑥→0 𝑥)2 𝑥→0 𝑥 2 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥

d . lim 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 5)
𝑥→+∞

79. Find the period of the following functions

2𝑥+1 3𝑥+5 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑥
a. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( ) 𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( ) b. 𝑓(𝑥) =
3 3 𝑡𝑎𝑛5𝑥
𝜋2 𝑥
c. 𝑓(𝑥) = tan ( ) d. 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛5𝑥
4
80. Verify the following identities without using a calculator
5 3 56 1 1 π
(a) arcsin + arcsin = arcsin (f) arctan − arctan =
13 5 65 5 239 4
2 √6+1 π √5 2 π
(b) cos−1 (√ ) − cos−1 ( )=6 (g) arccos + arcsin =
3 2√3 3 3 2
1 1 π 1 1 π
(c) tan−1 ( ) + tan−1 ( ) = (i) arctan + 2arctan =
2 3 4 7 3 4
1 1 1 π 5 2
(d) tan−1 ( ) + tan−1 ( ) + tan−1 ( ) = e) arccos = 2arctan
2 5 8 4 13 3
√5 1
(j) arcsin + arctan = arctan1
5 3

[Hint: take trigonometric functions on both sides]

81. Solve in ℝ the following equartions
1 1
(a) arccosx = acrcos + arccos
3 4
 1
(b) arctan2x + arctanx = acrctan
3
4 5
(c) arcsinx = acrcsin + arcsin
5 13
√2
(d) x = acrccos + arctan1
2
π
(e) arctanx + arctan√3 =
4
4
(f) ) arcsinx = acrccot
5

82. Given the following graph Write:

a. Domain of definition
b. Range and parity of the function
c. Asymptotic equation
d. First and Second derivative of the function
e. The stationary points.
65. A body oscillates with simple harmonic motion according
𝜋
to the equation 𝑥 = 6𝑐𝑜𝑠 (3𝜋𝑡 + )
3
At time t = 2 sec find:
a. The displacement, velocity and acceleration
b. The phase of motion and the frequency
c. The period of the motion.
83. An object 0scillates with simple harmonic motion along the 𝑥 −
𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠. Its displacement from the origin varies in meters with time
according to the equation:
 𝜋
𝑥 = 4 cos (𝜋𝑡 ) 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑠.
4
a) Determine the amplitude , frequency, period of motion and
angular frequency
b) Calculate the velocity and acceleration of the object at any
time
c) Find the displacement, velocity and acceleration at 𝑡 = 1
d) Determine the maximum speed and maximum acceleration

TOPIC AREA: LINEAR ALGEBRA

84. Define the vector space

85. Find the value of m for which the vectors a⃗ = (1, 2, 3), ⃗b =
(4, 5, 6) and c
⃗ = (7, 8, m) are linearly dependent
86. The vectorial space Eo is a unit base with perpendicular axes
(𝑖⃗ 𝑗⃗⃗⃗𝑘) and you are given vectors of Eo such that :
⃗ = (2,3,6), ⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑉 = (2, −6,3 ), ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑈 𝑊 = (3,3,6)
⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗
i) Show that (𝑈 , 𝑉 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
, 𝑊 ) form a base of Eo
⃗ in
ii) Determine the co-ordinates of the vectors 𝑒 = 𝑖 − 𝑗 + 𝑘
the base (𝑈⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗
, 𝑉 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
, 𝑊)
87. Show that the vectors 𝑢
⃗ = (1,2,3), 𝑣 = (0,1, 2)and 𝑤
⃗⃗ = (0,0,1)
generate 𝐼𝑅 3

88. (a) Write the vector w

⃗⃗⃗ = (4, 9)as a linear combination of the
vectors u
⃗ = (3, 5) and v⃗ = ( 2, 1).
(b) Express the vector v ⃗ = (3, − 1, 2) in ℝ3 as a linear
combination of the vectors e ⃗⃗⃗⃗1 = (1, 0, 0), e
⃗⃗⃗⃗2 = (1, 1, 0) and
e
⃗⃗⃗⃗3 = (1, 1, 1).
(c) Write the polynomial v = t2 + 4t − 3 as a linear combination
of the polynomial f1 = t2 − 2t + 5, f2 = 2t2 − 3t and f3 = t + 3
(d) For what value of k will the vector u ⃗ = (1, − 2, k) in ℝ3 be a
linear combination of the vector v ⃗ = (3, 0, − 2) and ⃗w⃗⃗ = (2, − 1, − 5).
(e) Consider the vectors ⃗u = (1, 2, − 1) and ⃗v = (6, 4, 2) in ℝ3 ,
Show that
(i) w
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗1 = (9, 2, 7)is a linear combination of u ⃗ and v⃗.
(ii) w⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗2 = (4, − 1, 8) is not a linear combination of u ⃗ and v ⃗.
(f) Express the vector v ⃗ = (1, − 2, 5) in as a linear combination
of the vectors ⃗⃗⃗⃗ e1 = (1, 1, 1), ⃗⃗⃗⃗
e2 = (1, 1, 0) and ⃗⃗⃗⃗
e3 = (1, 0, 0).
(h) Express the vector v ⃗ = (1, − 2, 5) in as a linear combination
of the vectors ⃗⃗⃗⃗ e1 = (1, 1, 1), ⃗⃗⃗⃗
e2 = (1, 2, 3) and ⃗⃗⃗⃗
e3 = (2, − 1, 1).
(g)write ⃗⃗⃗⃗ e1 and ⃗⃗⃗⃗
e2 as a linear combination of vectors ⃗⃗⃗⃗ v1 and ⃗⃗⃗⃗
v2 .
3 1
(i) Write the matrix E = [ ] as a linear combination of the
1 −1
matrices:
1 1 0 0 0 2
A=[ ], B = [ ] and C = [ ]
1 0 1 1 0 −1

89. (a) Find the values of m such that the vectors (3, m, 8), (4, −
5, m) and ( − 6, 1, 37) are linearly dependent.
(b) After replacing m by its values found in part (a), find two real
numbers α and β such that ( − 6, 1, 37) = α(3, m, 8) + 𝛽(4, −
5, m).
90. (a) Write the coordinates of the unit vector in the direction of
the vector v
⃗ = (2, 4, 4)
(b) Find the unit vector in the direction of w ⃗.
⃗⃗⃗ = 2i − j − 2k
(c) Represent the vector v
⃗ and ⃗w
⃗⃗ on the same graph
91. (a) Find the distance between each of the following pairs of
points:
(i) P1 = (0, 3, 0) and P2 = (6, 0, 2)
(ii) A = (2, 5, 3) and B = ( − 3, 2, 1)
(b) Show that the triangle A = (3, 5, − 4), B = ( − 1, 1, 2) and
C = ( − 5, − 5, − 2) is isosceles.
(c) Show by two different methods that the points A(5, 1, 5),
B(4, 3, 2) and C( − 3, − 2, 1)are vertices of a right angled triangle
at B.
92. (a) Determine k so that vectors u⃗ = (7, 1, − 2) and v
⃗ = (5, k, 6)
are orthogonal.
(b) Find the values of k for which the vectors u = (3k, 1, − 4)
and v = (2k, − 1, k) are perpendicular
93.
Find the shape of quadrilateral whose vertices are
a(−1,2, −2),b(3, −2,1),c(5,3,5),d(1,7,2)
94. Thepoints A(1,2,3),B(2,4,1),C(−2,3, −1),D(0, −2,4)are the vertices
of a tetrahedron. Calculate the volume of this tetrahedron
95. For what values of k will the vector 𝑈⃗(1, −2, 𝑘) in 𝑅3 be a linear
combination of the vectors 𝑉 ⃗ =(3,0, −2) and 𝑊
⃗⃗⃗ (2, −1, −5)
96. Find the area of a triangle whose vertices are the points
A(1,1,1), B(3,2,1), C(-1,3,2)
97. The points A, B, and C are vertices of the triangle ABC with
A  5i  3 j  2k and
vertices B  2i  j  3k
C  7i  3 j  10k
Show that triangle ABC is angled at B
98. Forces of magnitudes 5 and 3 units acting in the direction
⃗ and 3𝑖 − 2𝑗 + 6𝑘
6𝑖 + 2𝑗 + 3𝑘 ⃗ respectively act on a particle which
is displaced from the point (2,2, −1) 𝑡𝑜 (4,3,1) find the work
done by the forces
99. a) Let 𝑈 = {(𝑥, 𝑦, 0): 𝑥, 𝑦 ∈ 𝐼𝑅} 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑈 = {(0, 𝑥, 𝑦): 𝑥, 𝑦 ∈ 𝐼𝑅} be
subspace of 𝐼𝑅3 . Find the dimension of their intersection
b) Let 𝑈 = {(𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐): 𝑎 − 2𝑏 + 𝑐 = 0, 𝑎 = 3𝑐} 𝑎𝑛𝑑
𝑉 = {(𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐): 𝑎 + 𝑏 − 𝑐 = 0, 𝑎 = 𝑏} be subspace of 𝐼𝑅3 . Find
their sum
c) Let 𝑈 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑊 be the following subspaces of 𝐼𝑅3 :
𝑈 = {(𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐): 𝑏 + 𝑐 + 𝑑 = 0}
𝑊 = {(𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐): 𝑎 + 𝑏 = 0, 𝑐 = 2𝑑} Find the dimension of 𝐴 ∩ 𝑊

100. Given : {𝑣⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑣⃗⃗⃗⃗1 = 2𝑒⃗⃗⃗1 + ⃗⃗⃗

𝑒2
= 3𝑒⃗⃗⃗ + ⃗⃗⃗
𝑒
2 1 2
write ⃗⃗⃗
𝑒1 and ⃗⃗⃗
𝑒2 as a linear combination of vectors ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑣1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑣
⃗⃗⃗⃗2