HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL, MARINE, AND COASTAL PROCESSES AND

HAZARDS
 TROPICAL CYCLONES, MONSOONS, FLOODS
 COASTAL EROSION, SUBMERSION, AND SALT WATER INTRUSION
QUESTIONS:
1. WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL HAZARDS?
2. WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT MARINE COASTAL PROCESSES?
3. HOW CAN HUMANS MITIGATE/PREPARE FROM HAZARDOUS EFFECTS OF THE PROCESSES MENTIONED?

HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL PHENOMENA are meteorological (atmospheric-

hydrospheric) and climate events. H.M hazards are caused by extreme events
that pose danger.
The H.M hazards include:
1. TROPICAL CYCLONES are wind systems circulating around a low-pressure area.
 Formed over warm oceans
o Typhoons Pacific & Indian Ocean
o Hurricanes Atlantic Ocean
2. MONSOONS are seasonal wind and rain pattern
a. AMIHAN (NORTHEAST MONSOON) brings cloudless skies and cold
morning. (October to March)
b. HABAGAT (SOUTHWEST MONSOON) brings heavy rains (June to
September)
3. FLOOD is the hazard brought about by heavy rains where there is a progressive rise
in a water level.
4. TORNADO is a narrow, violently rotating column of air that extends from rain
(thunderstorm) clouds to the ground.
5. THUNDERSTORMS are characterized by strong winds, heavy rains, lighting, and
thunder.
 Formed when warm air mass is forced to move upward by a cold air
mass producing cumulonimbus clouds
6. STORM SURGE is the rise of the normal sea level caused by the winds (strong-very
strong) that are directed toward the shore.
 Storm surge is not the same as tsunami.
MARINE AND COASTAL PROCESSES AND HAZARDS
COASTAL OR BAYBAYIN is the part of the land near the sea.
 Contains some of the world’s sensitive and threatened
ecosystems such as mangroves, beach forests, seagrass, and
coral reefs.
MARINE SYSTEMS are the largest of Earth’s aquatic ecosystem. Includes
nearshore systems and extends outward from the coast to include offshore
system.
COASTAL PROCESSES are events happening in the marine environment.
 Include waves, tides, sea level change, crustal movement and
storm surge.
COASTAL HAZARDS caused by different coastal processes that expose marine
environment to risk of property damage, loss of life, and ecological
degradation.
COASTAL HAZARDS
1.. COASTAL EROSION – displacement of land along the coastline.
2.. SUBMERSION – movement of coastal sediments from the visible portion of
a beach to the submerged nearshore region of the coast.
3. SALT WATER INTRUSION – is the movement of saltwater into the fresh
water aquifier.
AQUIFIER – is an underground layer of permeable rock, gravel, sand, or silt.
NATURAL FLOW..
FRESHWATER ---------- SALTWATER
(less dense) towards (more dense)
But, when freshwater is withdrawn(deepwell) faster that it is being
replenished, there will be change in pressure and saltwater intrusion will occur.
MITIGATION METHODS
 MAINTAINING PLANT COVER –  GROINS/STONE BARRIERS – keeps
results to improved vegetation sand from eroding
 MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT –  BREAKWATERS – constructed along
ensures effective management of coasts to prevent further
cases advancement of saltwater
 REGULATION OF LAWS  BEACH NOURISHMENT - large
 ARTIFICIAL RECHARGE – pumps amount of sand is added to the
freshwater for the reservoir/aquifier coast.
 ENGINEERING STRUCTURES  INSTALLATION OF SMALL WALLS
 JETTIES – prevent coastal erosion by AND SANDBAGS – used to
promoting beach build-up as they counteract waves hitting the shore.
trap sand.  BEACH DEWATERING – involves
 SEAWALLS – counteract waves that pumping out water from the shore
hit the shore