Electronic Control Hidraulic

966M XE Wheel Loader B8P00001-UP (MACHINE) POWERED BY C9.3 Engine(...
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Product: WHEEL LOADER

Model: 966M XE WHEEL LOADER B8P
Configuration: 966M XE Wheel Loader B8P00001-UP (MACHINE) POWERED BY C9.3 Engine
Systems Operation
966M XE and 972M XE Wheel Loaders Power Train, Steering, Braking, Hydraulic, and
Machine Systems
Media Number -UENR3825-09 Publication Date -01/06/2015 Date Updated -06/02/2018
i07230731
Electronic Control (Hydraulic System)

SMCS - 1400; 5050; 7610
Electronic Control Module (ECM)
https://127.0.0.1/sisweb/sisweb/techdoc/techdoc_print_page.jsp?returnurl=/sisweb/sis... 14/07/2022
966M XE Wheel Loader B8P00001-UP (MACHINE) POWERED BY C9.3 Engine(... Page 2 of 17
Illustration 1 g03032197
(1) Connector view from ECM side
(2) Connector view from harness side
The ECM bases decisions on input information and memory information. After the ECM receives the
input information, the ECM sends a corresponding response to the outputs. The inputs and outputs of
the ECM are connected to the machine harness by two 70 contact connectors (J1 and J2). The inputs
and outputs to the ECM can be viewed through the Caterpillar Electronic Technician (Cat ET).
In most instances when a diagnostic code or an event code is activated, the ECM is the least likely
cause of the problem. Always ensure that the latest software is flashed on the ECM. Verify that the
ECM connections are secure. Then, verify that the problem is still active before replacing an ECM
Note: Only the complete ECM is serviced (no lower levels components). The ECM must be replaced
if the ECM is damaged. Replace the ECM if a failure is diagnosed.
Implement ECM Pin Locations

Table 1
Implement ECM Connector J1 Contact Descriptions(1)
No. Type Function
1 Key Switch Input Key Switch On
10 Cat Data Link (+) Cat Data Link (+)
11 Sensor Power Output 5V Sensor Supply
12 Driver Return Implement Pilot Solenoid On/Off
13 Battery Return Battery Negative
14 SWB 1 Seatbelt Monitor Switch
20 Cat Data Link (-) Cat Data Link (-)
21 Sensor Power Return 5V Return
22 Analog Input Operator Present Sensor
24 SWB 2 Quick Coupler Switch (N/O)
25 SWB 3 Quick Coupler Switch (N/C)
26 Switch to Ground Input Location Code 1 (Open)
27 Switch to Ground Input Location Code 2 (Open)
28 Switch to Ground Input Location Code 4 (Grounded)
29 Analog Input Hydraulic Oil Temp
30 Analog Input Battery Cable Voltage Monitor
31 Battery Power Input Battery Positive
32 Switch to Ground Input Location Code Enable (Grounded)
33 Switch to Ground Input Implement Lockout Switch (N/O)
34 Switch to Ground Input Implement Lockout Switch (N/C)
37 Analog Input Steering Valve Spool Position Sensor
41 Switch to Ground Input Armrest Position Sensor Switch (N/O)
42 Switch to Ground Input Armrest Position Sensor Switch (N/C)
44 Sensor Power Output 8V Sensor Power
45 Sensor Power Return 8V Sensor Return
48 Sourcing Driver Output Raise Solenoid

49 Sourcing Driver Output Lower Solenoid
50 Sourcing Driver Return Implement Lower / Raise / Rack / Dump Solenoid
51 Sourcing Driver Output Rack Solenoid
52 Sourcing Driver Output Dump Solenoid
54 Sourcing Driver Return Left/ Right Primary Steering Solenoid
55 Sourcing Driver Return Electrohydraulic Pump Actuator 1 and 2
56 Sensor Power Return 10 V Sensor Return
58 Sourcing Driver Output Third Function Solenoid Port A
59 Sourcing Driver Output Third Function Solenoid Port B
Third Function and Forth Function Solenoid Port A- B
60 Sourcing Driver Return
Return
61 Sourcing Driver Output Forth Function Solenoid Port A
62 Sourcing Driver Output Forth Function Solenoid Port B
64 Switch to Ground Input Hydraulic Filter Bypass Switch
65 Sourcing Driver Output Electrohydraulic Pump Actuator 1
66 Sourcing Driver Output Electrohydraulic Pump Actuator 2
67 Sourcing Driver Output Left Primary Steering Solenoid
68 Sourcing Driver Output Right Primary Steering Solenoid
Sensor Power Output/Sourcing
69 10V Sensor Power
Driver Output
Battery Negative - Switch / Sensor Return - Armrest
70 Battery Return
position switch, Operator Presence switch
(1)
System-specific pin locations
Table 2
Implement ECM Connector J2 Contact Descriptions (1)
No. Type Function
Switch to Battery
1 Input/Sourcing Driver Battery In
Enable
2 Sourcing Driver Output Primary Steering Power Supply
3 Sourcing Driver Output Force Feedback Motor Enable
4 Sourcing Driver Return
Driver Return - Implement Pilot Solenoid, Primary Steering

Pilot Supply Solenoid, Steering Operator Input Force Feedback
Motor enable, Ride Control Solenoid 1
5 Sourcing Driver Output Ride Control Activation Solenoid 1
6 Sourcing Driver Output Ride Control Balance Solenoid 2
7 Sourcing Driver Output Back Up Alarm
8 Sourcing Driver Return Driver Return
9 Sinking Driver Output Machine Feature Alarm
15 PWM Input Left Steering Cylinder Position Sensor
16 PWM Input Right Steering Cylinder Position Sensor
17 PWM Input Tilt Linkage Position Sensor
18 PWM Input Lift Linkage Position Sensor
19 Sinking Driver Output Secondary Steering Request Output
20 Sinking Driver Output Backlighting Control
21 Sinking Driver Output Steering Operator Force Feedback Desired Torque
23 Switch to Ground Input PCS Store Switch
24 PWM Input Lift Lever Position Sensor
25 PWM Input Tilt Lever Position Sensor
26 PWM Input Third Lever Position Sensor
27 PWM Input Fourth Lever Position Sensor
28 Switch to Ground Input Heated Mirror Switch (N/O)
32 PWM Input Steering Lever Position Sensor 1
33 PWM Input Implement Pump Discharge Pressure
35 PWM Input Steering Operator Force Feedback Motor Current
40 PWM Input Electrohydraulic Pump Displacement Sensor 1
PWM Input/ Analog
43 Resolved Hydraulic Pump Pressure Sensor 2
Input
44 Switch to Ground Input Autodig Trigger Switch (N/O)
45 Switch to Ground Input Autodig Trigger Switch (N/C)
PWM Input/ Analog
49 Lift Cylinder HE Pressure Sensor
Input
50 Lift Cylinder RE Pressure Sensor
PWM Input/ Analog

Input
51 PWM Input Resolved Hydraulic Pump Pressure Sensor 1
67 CAN Data Link (+) CAN A HIGH
68 CAN Data Link (-) CAN A LOW
Inputs
The inputs describe the status of the machine systems. Two types of inputs exist. The inputs can be
either a switch type or a sensor type. Switches provide an open, a ground, or a + battery signal to the
inputs of the controller. Sensors (frequency, PWM, or voltage) provide a changing signal to the
sensor inputs of the controller. The inputs of the ECM are listed in Table 1 and Table 2.
Temperature Sensors
Hydraulic Oil Temperature Sensor
Hydraulic Oil Temperature Sensor
The temperature sensor for the hydraulic oil informs the ECM of the temperature of the hydraulic
system oil.
The sensor is designed internally to change resistance based on the temperature of the hydraulic oil.
The implement ECM uses a pull up resistor to receive sensor voltage and convert the voltage to a
temperature reading.
Pressure Sensors
• Implement Pump Pressure Sensor
• Lift Cylinder Head End Pressure Sensor (If Equipped)
• Lift Cylinder Rod End Pressure Sensor (If Equipped)
• Steering Pump Oil Pressure Sensors
The pressure sensor sends a PWM signal to the implement ECM indicating system pressure. The duty
cycle of the signal will vary in proportion to the system pressure. These PWM signals are inputs to
the Implement ECM.
Position Sensors
Lift, Tilt, and Auxiliary Position Sensors (Joystick Controls)
• Lift Lever Position Sensor
• Tilt Lever Position Sensor
• Auxiliary Position Sensor
• EH Pump Displacement Sensor
The sensor is designed to tell the ECM the position of the lever. The lever has five ranges: Forward
Detent, Forward Modulation, Hold, Rearward Modulation, and Rearward Detent. The operator selects
the range and the sensor sends the signal to the ECM. The sensor generates a PWM signal
continuously. The duty cycle of the signal varies in proportion to the position of the lever.
Table 3
Position Percentage
Forward (Full Travel) 10
Hold (Center) 50
Rearward (Full Travel) 90
The ECM receives the PWM signal. Then, the ECM measures the duty cycle in order to determine
the position of the lever.
Lift and Tilt Linkage Position Sensor
The tilt linkage position sensor is bolted to the left side of the lift arm near the tilt linkage pin. The tilt
linkage position sensor constantly monitors the position of the tilt linkage and sends the tilt linkage
position information to the implement ECM.
966M XE Wheel Loader B8P00001-UP (MACHINE) POWERED BY C9.3 Engine... Page 10 of 17
The lift linkage position sensor is bolted to the right side of the front frame near the A pin. The lift
linkage position sensor constantly monitors the position of the lift linkage and sends the lift linkage
position information to the implement ECM.
The rotary lift/tilt position sensors signal the implement ECM with a linear transfer function which
converts rotary position (degrees) into a PWM signal (% Duty Cycle). This signal happens when the
angular position is in the operating range.
Electrohydraulic Pump Displacement Sensor
The displacement sensor sends a PWM signal to the implement ECM. The PWM signal
communicates the swashplate positioning in the implement pump.
Switches
• Key Start Switch
• Implement Lockout Switch
• Brake/ Fan Oil Filter Bypass Switch
• Seat Belt Switch
• Armrest Position Switch
• Operator Present Switch
• Heated Mirror Switch
• Autodig Trigger Switch
• CPM Clear/Store Switch
Key Start Switch
The key switch is an input to the ECM. Power is supplied to the ECM from the key switch. Power is
supplied to the ECM from the key switch when the key switch is in the START or RUN position.
The key switch is a switch to battery input and is active when the key switch is in the START or
RUN position. When the key switch is turned to START, the ECM receives a + battery signal from
the key switch. If all start interlocks are satisfied, the ECM will send a + battery signal to the start
relay to start the engine.
Implement Lockout Switch
The implement ECM controls the operation of the implement pilot supply solenoid according to the
position of the hydraulic lockout switch. Certain fault conditions will also cause the implement ECM
to use the solenoid valve to disable hydraulic operation.
When the switch is in the UNLOCK position, the normally closed switch contacts will ground the
input circuit at ECM contact J1-34. When the ECM detects this grounded circuit, the ECM will
energize the implement pilot supply solenoid. The energized solenoid allows pilot oil to be supplied
to the implement control valve.
When the switch is in the LOCK position, the normally open switch contacts will ground the input
circuit at ECM contact J1-33. When the ECM detects this grounded circuit, the ECM de-energizes the
ON/OFF output for the implement pilot supply solenoid. Pilot oil is blocked from the implement
control valve.
Brake/ Fan Oil Filter Bypass Switch
The brake/fan oil filter bypass switch is a pressure switch that shows whether the filter is plugged and
the filter is being bypassed. The brake/fan filter bypass switch is a normally closed switch. The
bypass switch will close at 500 kPa (73 psi) differential pressure notifying the ECM that the filter is
plugged. The hydraulic filter bypass switch provides a ground to the ECM when activated.
This switch is one of the inputs that is used in order to drive the "system indicator" in the instrument
cluster. This indicator is turned ON when the switch is in the closed position and the oil temperature
is greater than 52° C (126° F) with the engine running.
Seat Belt Switch
An input to the implement ECM that indicates if the seat belt is fastened.
Armrest Position Switch
An input to the implement ECM that indicates if the left armrest is in the stowed position.
Operator Present Switch
An input to the implement ECM that indicates if the operator is present.
Heated Mirror Switch
An input to the implement ECM to activate the heated mirror.
Autodig Trigger Switch
Sends an input signal to the implement ECM when the operator has pressed the switch to indicate that
the loading cycle should begin.
CPM Clear/Store Switch
Sends an input signal to the implement ECM when the operator has pressed the switch to clear or
store the current payload reading.
Outputs
The ECMs respond to decisions by sending electrical signals to the outputs. The outputs can create an
action or the outputs can provide information to the operator or the service technician. The outputs of
the ECM are listed in Table 1 and Table 2.
Solenoids
Hydraulic Lockout Valve
This ON/OFF solenoid valve is an output from the implement ECM. This valve opens the flow of
pilot oil to the pilot valves.
Raise Solenoid Valve
This proportional solenoid valve is an output from the implement ECM. This solenoid valve sends a
proportional amount of pilot oil to the raise end of the lift stem, depending on the amount of current
applied to the solenoid.
Tilt Back Solenoid Valve
proportional amount of pilot oil to the tilt back end of the tilt stem, depending on the amount of
current applied to the solenoid.
Dump Solenoid Valve
proportional amount of pilot oil to the dump end of the tilt stem, depending on the amount of current
Lower Solenoid Valve
proportional amount of pilot oil to the lower end of the lift stem, depending on the amount of current
Ride Control Activation Solenoid and Ride Control Balance Solenoid
When ride control is not activated, the balance solenoid disconnects the accumulator from the balance
spool. This disconnection creates a path from the change spool to the accumulator and allows the
accumulator to charge.
When ride control is activated, the balance solenoid valve is turned off which connects the
accumulator pressure to the balance spool. The balance spool will adjust the pressure in the
accumulator to match the lift cylinder head end pressure. After several seconds the activation
solenoid valve is turned on. When activation solenoid is turned on, main activation spool will shift.
This shift creates a connection from lift cylinder head end to accumulator and from lift cylinder rod
end to the tank port. Nitrogen gas in the ride control accumulator acts as a shock absorber for the lift
circuit.
Electrohydraulic Pump Actuator Solenoids #1 and #2
The ECM sends a current to the pump solenoid directing pump oil flow to the actuators. The spring
force and the pressure on the end of the actuator work against the pump output oil and spring force on
the end of the actuator moving the actuator. This action will rotate the swashplate to the required
angle that is needed. The oil flow is directed to the implement control valve.
Right and left primary steering solenoids
Direct oil to the steering control spool, which directs oil to the steering cylinders to articulate the
machine.
Primary steering pilot solenoid
Controls the pilot oil to the primary steering solenoids.
Machine feature alarm
The implement ECM energizes the alarm when a feature is active, when certain switches are
depressed, or when the operator attention is needed.
Back-up alarm
The implement ECM energizes the back-up alarm when the machine is shifted to REVERSE.
Backlighting control
The implement ECM controls the brightness of the backlighting based on the operator input.
Data Link
Cat Data Link
The Cat Data Link is an input/output of the ECM. The data link uses the connector for the service
port in order to communicate with the Caterpillar Electronic Technician. A data link connection is
provided for the product link.
Note: The control for the product link provides a global positioning system for the machine.
The data link is bidirectional. The bidirectional link allows the ECM to input information and output
information. The data link consists of the following parts: internal ECM circuits, the related harness
wiring, the service tool connector and the connector for the product link. The Cat Data Link connects
to the ECM at contact J1-10 (wire 893-GN(Green)) and contact J1-20 (wire 892-BR(Brown)).
• The ECM receives commands from the Cat ET in order to change the operating modes. The
Cat ET will read the service codes that are stored in the memory of the ECM. The Cat ET will
clear the service codes that are stored in the memory of the ECM.
• The ECM sends the input and the output information to the Caterpillar ET.
Note: An electronic control module that uses the Cat Data Link will have a module identifier. The
MID for the Machine Electronic Control Module is 039.
CAN Data Link
A data link is required for communication with the service tool (Cat ET) and the electronic control
modules. The data link is also required for communication with the instrument clusters and other
devices that use this communications protocol. The data link is not used in order to broadcast any
diagnostic information.
On most Cat machine models, there is more than one CAN system. These CAN systems are used to
conduct high speed operational data transfer between control modules. Some components also now
use the CAN data link to send input signals to the ECM.
Copyright 1993 - 2022 Caterpillar Inc. Thu Jul 14 09:37:49 UTC+0300 2022
All Rights Reserved.
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Electronic Control Hidraulic

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966M XE Wheel Loader B8P00001-UP (MACHINE) POWERED BY C9.3 Engine(...

Product: WHEEL LOADER

Electronic Control (Hydraulic System)

Electronic Control Module (ECM)

Implement ECM Pin Locations

48 Sourcing Driver Output Raise Solenoid

Driver Return - Implement Pilot Solenoid, Primary Steering

PWM Input/ Analog

Hydraulic Oil Temperature Sensor

• Implement Pump Pressure Sensor

• Lift Cylinder Head End Pressure Sensor (If Equipped)

• Lift Cylinder Rod End Pressure Sensor (If Equipped)

• Steering Pump Oil Pressure Sensors

Lift, Tilt, and Auxiliary Position Sensors (Joystick Controls)

• Lift Lever Position Sensor

• Tilt Lever Position Sensor

• Auxiliary Position Sensor

• EH Pump Displacement Sensor

Lift and Tilt Linkage Position Sensor

Electrohydraulic Pump Displacement Sensor

• Key Start Switch

• Implement Lockout Switch

• Brake/ Fan Oil Filter Bypass Switch

• Seat Belt Switch

• Armrest Position Switch

• Operator Present Switch

• Heated Mirror Switch

• Autodig Trigger Switch

• CPM Clear/Store Switch

Key Start Switch

Implement Lockout Switch

Brake/ Fan Oil Filter Bypass Switch

Seat Belt Switch

Armrest Position Switch

Operator Present Switch

An input to the implement ECM that indicates if the operator is present.

Heated Mirror Switch

An input to the implement ECM to activate the heated mirror.

Autodig Trigger Switch

CPM Clear/Store Switch

Hydraulic Lockout Valve

Raise Solenoid Valve

Tilt Back Solenoid Valve

Dump Solenoid Valve

Lower Solenoid Valve

Ride Control Activation Solenoid and Ride Control Balance Solenoid

Electrohydraulic Pump Actuator Solenoids #1 and #2

Right and left primary steering solenoids

Primary steering pilot solenoid

Controls the pilot oil to the primary steering solenoids.

Machine feature alarm

CAN Data Link

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