DAVRIZ

Electrical Supply & Services

84 Taurus Street Sto. Nino Village, Brgy. Ma-A Talomo District, Davao City Davao del Sur, 8000
Tel/Fax No.: (082) 321-0139 • Cell No.: (0998) 510-2403 • Email Address: davriz.ess@gmail.com
Non-VAT Reg.: TIN 213-465-020-000

Power Quality Audit

In

STI College
General Santos City, Philippines

Date of Audit: January 31 to February 2, 2019

 Table of Contents

Purpose and Scope 1

Definition of Terms 2-3

Instrument Used 4-7

Summary Results 8-9

Findings and Observations 10

Recommendations 11

Appendix A (Graphical Data) i

Appendix B (Numerical Data) ii

Appendix C (Real-time Harmonics Data) iii

Appendix D (Hazards of Harmonics) iv

 Purpose and Scope

PURPOSE

 To ensure the quality of electric power in the Distribution System;

 To ensure that the Distribution System will be operated in a safe and

efficient manner and with a high degree of reliability;

 To specify Customer Services for the protection of the End-Users in

both captive and contestable market; and

 To specify safety standards for the protection of personnel in the

work environment.

SCOPE

 Record the Voltage and Current profile in every one (1) minute

integration period for two (2) days;

 Record Power Profile (kW, kVA, kVAR and P.F) in every one (1) minute

integration period for two (2) days;

 Measure real-time Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) and Total Demand

Distortion (TDD);
 Definition of Terms

TERM DEFINITION

1 Voltage Variation Voltage variation shall be defined as the deviation of the

root-mean-square (RMS) value of the voltage from its
nominal value, express in percent. Voltage variation will
either be of short duration or long duration.

2 Short Duration A Short Duration Voltage Variation shall be defined

Voltage Variation as a variation of the RMS value of the voltage from
nominal voltage for a time greater than one half cycle
of the power frequency but not exceeding one minute.
A short can either be Voltage Swell or Voltage Sag.

3 Voltage Swell If the RMS value of the voltage increases to between

110% and 180% of the nominal value.

4 Voltage Sag If the RMS value of the voltage decreases to between

10% and 90% of the nominal value.

5 Long Duration A Long Duration Voltage Variation shall be defined

as the variation of the RMS value of the voltage from
nominal voltage from a time greater than one minute.

6 Over Voltage If the RMS value of the voltage is greater than or equal
to 110% of the nominal value.

7 Under Voltage If the RMS value of the voltage is less than or equal
to 90% of the nominal voltage.

8 Voltage Unbalance Shall be defined as the maximum deviation from the

average of the three phase voltages divided by the
average of the three phase voltages expressed in percent.

The maximum Voltage Unbalance at the connection

point of any user, excluding the voltage unbalance
passed on from the grid, shall not exceed 2.5 percent
during normal operating conditions.

9 Active Power The time average of the instantaneous power over one
period of the electrical wave, measured in watt (W) or
multiples thereof. For AC circuit or Systems, it is the
product of the root-mean-square (RMS) or Effective value
of the voltage and the RMS value of the in-phase
component of the current. In a three phase system,
it is the sum of the Active Power of the individual phases.
 Definition of Terms

TERM DEFINITION

10 Apparent Power The product of the root-mean-square (RMS) or Effective

value of the current and root-mean-square of the voltage.
For AC circuit or Systems, it is the square root of the sum
of the squares of the Active Power and Reactive Power,
measured in volt-ampere (VA) or multiples thereof.

11 Reactive Power The component of the electrical power representing

the alternating exchange of stored energy (inactive or
capacitive) between sources and loads or between two
Systems, measured in VAR, or multiples thereof.
For AC circuits or Systems, it is the product of the
RMS voltage and the RMS value of the quadrate
component of alternating current. In a three phase
System, it is the of the Reactive Power of the individual
Phases.

12 Power Factor The ratio of Active Power to Apparent Power.

13 Harmonics Voltage and Currents having Frequencies that are

integral multiples of the fundamental Frequency.

14 Total Harmonic The ratio of the RMS value of the harmonic content to
Distortion (THD) the RMS value of the fundamental quantity, expressed
in percent.

At any User’s System, the THD of the Voltage shall not

exceed five percent (5%) during normal operating
condition.

15 Total Demand The ratio of the RMS value of the harmonic content to
Distortion (TDD) the RMS value of the rated or maximum fundamental
quantity, expressed in percent.

At any User’s System, the TDD of the Current shall not

exceed five percent (5%) during normal operating
condition.
Instrument Used
Instrument Used
Instrument Used
Instrument Used
 Summary Results

Below are the Voltage Disturbance registered during the period of monitoring:

Voltage Disturbance
Location of Breaker / Fuse
Monitoring Rating Over Under Swell
Sag Voltage
Voltage Voltage Voltage

Main Panel 250A None None None None

Long Duration Voltage Variation

Location of Breaker / Fuse
Monitoring Rating
Over Voltage Time Duration

Main Panel 250A None None

Long Duration Voltage Variation

Location of Breaker / Fuse
Monitoring Rating
Under Voltage Time Duration

Main Panel 250A None None

Short Duration Voltage Variation

Location of Breaker / Fuse
Monitoring Rating
Swell Voltage Time Duration

Main Panel 250A None None

Short Duration Voltage Variation

Location of Breaker / Fuse
Monitoring Rating
Sag Voltage Time Duration

Main Panel 250A None None

 Summary Results

Below are the maximum values of Voltage, Current, Power and Energy consumption
during the period of monitoring:

Electrical Parameters Values Date / Time

Peak Voltage Line 238.8 V 2/1/19 7:48 AM

Minimum Voltage Line 227.3 V 2/1/19 1:47 PM

Peak Current 43.74 A 2/1/19 4:03 PM

Peak Real Power 8.144 KW 2/1/19 9:26 PM

Peak Apparent Power 10.199 KVA 2/1/19 4:03 PM

1/31/19 5:30 PM to
Average Reactive Power 1.307 KVAR
2/2/19 10:30 AM

1/31/19 5:30 PM to
Average Power Factor 79% (Lagging)
2/2/19 10:30 AM

1/31/19 5:30 PM to
Total Energy Consumed 141.098 KWh
2/2/19 10:30 AM

The Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) during the period of monitoring:

%THD : 2.4 %

The Total Demand Distortion (TDD) during the period of monitoring:

%TDD : 68.9 %
 Findings and Observations

TM
Based on the data gathered by ELITEpro Poly Phase Power Meter (Made in U.S.A) and
ocular inspection we observed the following:

1.) No Long Duration Power Disturbance such as Over and Under Voltage monitored during the
period of monitoring.

2.) No Short Duration Power Disturbance such as Swell and Sag (Dip) Voltage monitored during
the period of monitoring.

3.) The Percent Total Demand Distortion (TDD) is not acceptable set by Philippine Distribution
Code (PDC) which is 2.5% both THD and TDD.

4.) The Average Power Factor registered during the period of monitoring is 79% (Lagging)
which is Poor.

5.) The Energy consumption registered for One (1) week monitoring is 141.098 KWh.

6.) ATS Panel is properly connected to the grounding system.

 Recommendations

To mitigate or control the effect of Harmonics in the power system we highly recommend to install
Line Reactor which have the following specification and standard;

 UL recognized
 50/60Hz
 Low Impedance (1.5% or 3% reactor)
 System voltage of 208/240Vac
 Overload rating of 200% rated current for minimum of 3 minutes

If you have further clarifications on our report, please don’t hesitate to call us or send us e-mail
and we will reply as soon as possible.

Thank you very much.

ELMER M. JAVIER, REE

Service Engineer
Cell No.: (0998) 510-2403