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Science Notes
Science Notes
Science Notes
CELL HISTORY
• 1665: Robert Hooke (English scientist) discovered cells in cork,
then in living plant tissue using an early compound microscope.
• He coined the term cell (from Latin cella, meaning "small room") in
his book Micrographia (1665).
• Anton van leeuwenhoek, a dutch scientist, saw and described a live cell in 1674 in algae
spirogyra.
• Robert brown, a Scottish botanist, discovered the nucleus in 1831 and described in Linnean
society of London.
Cell Theory
• 1839: Theodor Schwann and Matthias Jakob Schleiden stated that plants and animals are made
of cells.
• Concluded that cells are a common unit of structure and development.
• Thus founded the cell theory.
• 1855: Rudolf Virchow stated that new cells come from pre-existing cells by cell division (omnis
cellula ex cellula).
Note: Cell size has no relation to the size of an organism. It is not necessary that the cells of, say an elephant
be much larger than those of a mouse.
• Eukaryotic cells are cells that contain a nucleus and organelles, and are enclosed by a plasma membrane.
• Organisms that have eukaryotic cells include protista, fungi, plants and animals.
PROKARYOTES EUKARYOTES
Membrane bound cell organelles Membrane bound cell organelles are present
are absent
Cell division by fission or budding Cell division by mitosis or meiosis
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
• UNDER ELECTRON microscope eukaryotic cells reveal
the presence of reticulum of tiny tubular structures
scattered in cytoplasm called as endoplasmic
reticulum
• Ribosomes are often attached to their outer surface.
• If ribosomes present – rough endoplasmic reticulum
• If ribosome absent – smooth endoplasmic reticulum
• Its function is synthesis, modification and transport of
proteins.
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GOLGI APPARATUS
Nucleus
Centrioles
• They are generally found close to the nucleus and are made up of tube-
like structures.
• Centrioles or centrosomes are present only in animal cells and absent in
plant cells. It helps in the separation of chromosomes during cell
division.
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