21ST CENTURY LITERATURE HANDOUT
1st Semester – Final Term
21st Century Literature in the Philippines
A. Fiction
has genres that can be defined as
narrative literary works whose content is
produced by the imagination.
a. Short Story - This is brief fiction that
can be read in one seating and is not
able to support any subplots.
b. Chick-Lit – genre which addresses
issues of modern womanhood.
c. Flash Fiction – style of fictional
literature of extreme brevity.
d. Six-Word Flash Fiction – It is exactly
six words in length and challenges
writer to convey a story in just six
words.
e. Realistic Fiction – true to real life
f. Illustrated Novels - These are stories
through text and illustrated images
g. Graphic Novels/Fiction– use a
combination of visual art and text to
convey a narrative.
h. Manga - combines elements of mystery,
adventure, and the supernatural. It is
known a unique Japanese art style.
Elements of Fiction/Short Story
1. Characters- representation of human being
2. Setting- Locale/period
3. Conflict- complication/problem/struggle
4. Plot- Sequence of events
a. Exposition
b. Complication
c. Climax
d. Denouement
e. Resolution
5. POV- writer’s feeling/attitude
6. Mood- emotional atmosphere
7. Tone- Attitude/feeling of the author
8. Symbolisms- Stand for something other than
themselves
9. Images- Concrete qualities rather than abstract
meaning
10. Theme- central/dominating idea
11. Dialogue - Mainly the conversation or exchange
between or among individuals as presented in
the written work.
-It reveals character traits and advances the
plot. It enhances character development and
engagement.
Figures of Speech
Simile - involves the direct comparison of two unlike
things using “like” or “as”
Metaphor – comparison between two unlike object
without the use of “as” or “like”
Personification - inanimate object or abstract concept is
given human-like qualities
Hyperbole - involves the intentional exaggeration for
emphasis or effect
Onomatopoeia - the formation of a word from a sound
associated with what is named
Understatement - a figure of speech in which something
is expressed less strongly than would be expected, or in
which something is presented as being smaller, worse, or
lesser than it really is. Typically, understatement is used
to call attention to the very quality it pretends to
downplay.
Apostrophe - addressing an absent or imaginary person
or object as if they were present and able to respond
Oxymoron - made up of two words that are
contradictory to one another. For example, "deafening
silence" and "working holiday" are both oxymorons.
Alliteration – repetition of the first consonant sound
Literary Adaptation
- Literary adaptation is the adapting of a literar
source (e.g. a novel, short story, poem) to another
genre or medium.
Multimedia
- Multimedia means that computer information can
be represented through audio, video, and animation
in addition to traditional media (i.e., text, graphics
drawings, and images).
Text
- relies on written or printed information, often
supplemented with graphics or visual aids, to
convey ideas or details in a textual manner.
Forms of Multimedia
1. PowerPoint Presentation with voice-over
narration
2. Video
3. Animated video
4. Interactive Audiobook
PowerPoint Presentation with voice-over narration
- a presentation created using Microsoft PowerPoint
software. The presentation is a collection of
individual slides that contain information on a
topic.
Video
- an electronic medium for the recording, copying,
playback, broadcasting, and display of moving
visual media. Visual multimedia source that
combines a sequence of images to form a moving
picture.
- involves the integration of moving images, often
accompanied by audio, to present information, tell
stories, or convey messages in a dynamic visual
format
Animated Video
- brings concepts to life that text or live videos can’t.
- involves the creation of moving images or visuals
thorough a sequence of frames or drawings.
Interactive Audiobook
- Novels can be converted into interactive
audiobooks.
- To enhance the listening experience and
engagement of the audience, adding background
music and sound effects is used to complement
the story.
Reading Techniques
Skimming - quickly grasping the main ideas and
overall structure of a text
Scanning - searching for specific information such
as a particular date, statistic, or name within a text
Stories to read and study:
The Necklace
Sinigang
Shimenawa By Naoko Kumagai
JAKE by Jim Bartlett
Equality By Maya Angelou