STORY OF PI

Department of Mathematics

Submitted To:- Submitted By:-

Dr. R.C. Dimri Vishakha Garg
(Professor) (Pre Ph.D. Scholar)
Department of Mathematics
WHAT IS PI?
• The number Pi is the mathematical constant
that is a ratio of the circle’s circumference to
its diameter and, is approximately equal to
the 3.14159.
• It is represented by the Greek letter “π”.
Since the mid-18th century though it is
sometimes also written as pi.
• π is an irrational number, which means that
it can not be expressed as the ratio of two
integers such as (22/7) consequently, its
decimal representation never ends and
never settles into a permanent repeating
pattern.
The numbers
rights to the 3
never repeat
HISTORY OF “π”

The first calculation of π was done by

Archimedes one of the greatest mathematicians
of the ancient world.
• Ancient Egypt: The ancient Egyptians, while not
explicitly calculating pi, used a rough
approximation of 3.125 to estimate the value
for practical purposes, such as constructing
pyramids.
• Ancient Babylon: Babylonians also had an
approximation of pi, which was around 3.125.
CONTINUED……

• Ancient India: Indian mathematicians,

including those from the Vedic period,
worked on geometric and mathematical
problems, but their work on pi was limited.
• Ancient Greece: Archimedes' approximation
was between 3.1408 and 3.1429.
DEFINITION OF PI

• Pi is commonly defined as the ratio of the circle

circumference C to its diameter d.
• The ratio C/d is constant, regardless of the circle’s
size. For example, if a circle has twice the diameter
of another circle it will also have twice the
circumference, preserving the ratio C/d.
CONTINUED……

The circumference of the circle is slightly

more than three times as long as the
diameter. The ratio is called Pi.
ROLE OF LEONHARD EULER IN PI

• After Jones introduced the Greek letter in

1706, it was not adopted by other
mathematicians until Euler started using
it, beginning with his 1736 work
Mechanica. Before then, mathematicians
sometimes used letters as c or p instead.
Because Euler corresponded heavily with
other mathematicians in Europe, the use
of the Greek letter spread rapidly.
CONTINUED……

• In 1748, Euler used n in his widely read work Introduction in analysin

infinitorum (he wrote: "for the sake of brevity we will write this
number as π; thus π is equal to half the circumference of a circle of
radius 1") and the practice was universally adopted thereafter in the
Western world.
USES OF PI

• Because π is closely related to the circle, it is found in

many formulae from the fields of geometry and
trigonometry, particularly those concerning circles,
spheres, or ellipses.
• Formulae from other branches of science also
include π in some of their important formulae
including sciences such as statistics, fractals,
thermodynamics, mechanics, cosmology, number
theory, and electromagnetism.
CONTINUED……

• π appears in formulae for areas and volumes

of geometrical shapes based on circles, such
as circles spheres, cones, and torus. Some of
the more common formulae involve π.
• The circumference of a circle with radius r is
2πr.
• The area of a circle with radius r is πr2.
• The volume of a sphere with radius r is 4/3πr3.
• The surface area of a sphere with radius r is
4πr².
The area of the circle is π times the
shaded region
CONTINUED.…..

• The trigonometric functions rely on angles,

and mathematicians generally use radians as
units of measurement. π plays an important
role in angles measured in radians, which are
defined so that a complete circle spans an
angle of 2π radians. The angle measure of
180(degree) is equal to π radians, and
1(degree) = π /180 radians.
• Common trigonometric functions have
periods that are multiples of π; for example,
sine and cosine have period 2π.
CONTINUED……

The area of Gaussian is determined by the use of π.

 PI Day
• Pi Day is an annual celebration
commemorating the mathematical
constant π (pi). Pi Day is observed on
March 14, since 3, 1, and 4 are the three
most significant digits of in the decimal
form. In 2009, the United States House of
Representatives supported the designation
of Pi Day. The earliest known official or
large-scale celebration of Pi Day was
organized by Larry Shaw in 1988 at the San
Francisco Exploratorium.
 REAL-LIFE APPLICATION OF PI
• It can measure things like ocean waves, light
waves, sound waves, river bends, radioactive
particle distribution, and the grid of nails and
mountains by using a series of circles.
• Electrical engineers used pi to solve problems for
electrical applications.
• Medicine benefits from pi when studying the
structure of the eye.
• Aircraft designers use it to calculate areas of the
skin of the aircraft.
We never discover that our planet is shaped like a sphere without pi.
Thank you