A Detailed Lesson Plan

in Mathematics
Grade 7

Shiela May V. Cacal

Student Teacher

Jiecel Kay V. Paguirigan

Critique Teacher
A Detailed Lesson Plan in Mathematics 7
 INTRODUCTION OF MEASUREMENT

I. OBJECTIVES:
at the end of the lesson the students should be able to
A. Determine the differences between rational and irrational numbers.
B. Classify the properties of each number.
C. Identify the rational and irrational numbers and
D. Show cooperation in computing the said activity.

II. SUBJECT MATTER

TOPIC: Rational and Irrational Numbers
REFERENCES: YouTube, byjus.com/math/rationalandirrationalnumbers,
(New Generation Math) K to 12 Curriculum Compliant Pages (52-56)
MATERIALS: Instructional Materials (visual aids), cards

III. PROCEDURE
Teacher's activity Students’ activity
A. Preliminaries

•Prayer
Before we start our discussion please stand and One student leads the prayer.
(student name) lead the prayer please class be
quiet

•CUSTOMARY GREETINGS

Ok! Good morning class before to take your Good morning, ma’am.
seats class kindly arrange your chairs and pick
the litters around and under your chairs. (Students clean the mess under
their chair)
Let's check your attendance!

Who's absent today? No one ma’am

Good to know that no one is absent today.

So ok class before we start do you have any (Students will raise their hands)
idea on what we are going to discuss today?

Yes (student name) Our topic for today's discussion

ma’am is about the rational and
irrational numbers.
Very good! Today, you will learn about the
difference’s properties of the rational and
irrational numbers.
B. Motivation
Before we start our discussion, I will show you (Students are listening)
different form of numbers on my card and you
need to give the properties of the numbers
we’re they belong and give the square root.

Is my instruction clear? Yes ma’am.

Let’s Begin!

✓16 (picture 1) 4

What property the number belong? Rational number

How about this one? Ma’am Try

What property does this number belong?
1.23123123412 (picture 2)

Yes (student name) Ma’am Irrational number

Correct!

Since you already know the answers.

I will start the discussion.

Class are you ready? Yes ma’am

C. Presentation of the lesson

Ok class based on the activity we had what do Students will raise their hands.
you think is the connection of those numbers
in our lesson?

Yes (student name) Ma’am I think the connection of

those numbers in our lesson is for
us to know in advance what is
rational numbers and irrational
That's a good idea! numbers.

Who else can give me another idea about the Ma’am (student raise her or his
connection of the activity in our lesson? hand)

Yes (student name) Ma’am I think activity is a

something to do about the
differences of rational and
irrational numbers.
Very good! ok who else?
Since no one want to recite we can proceed to (No one raising their hands)
our discussion.
D. Development of the lesson

Let's begin our discussion in rational and

irrational numbers.

Who can give me the difference between Students will raise their hands.
rational and irrational numbers?

Yes (student name) Ma’am the differences between

rational and irrational numbers
are rational numbers is be
presented in form of p over q and
the irrational numbers of cannot
be written in the form of simple
very good! fractions.
let's proceed!

• Rational and Irrational Numbers

- there are both real numbers but
different with respect to their
properties.
- 2/3 is an example of rational number
whereas ✓2 is an irrational number.

1. Rational Number
- Rational number are numbers which
can be expressed as fraction and also a Students are listening.
positive number, negative numbers and
Zero.
- it can be written as p/q where q is not
equal to zero.
- word “rational” is derived from the
word ‘ratio' which means a comparison
of two or more values or integer
number and is known as a fraction.
(In simple words it is the ratio of two
integers)
Example 3/2 is a rational number. It means
integer 3 is divided by another integer 2.

Let’s try!

3²= 3×3=9 (-3) = (-3) (-3) =9

So we will have 3² now we need to get product
of 3² it is equal 3×3 so the product is positive
9, but what if we will be squaring a negative
number so let's say for example we have
negative number like (-3)² so if you will be Students are listening.
getting the square of this negative number we
will get the square of (-3) so therefore we will
have (-3)(-3), so the product will be positive
nine as we can see we multiply both negative
so the becoming product will be positive.

Can you follow? Yes ma’am!

Ok try to answer this give the positive and Students try to compute.
negative square root of those numbers.
4²,5², and 10²

Ok are you done? let’s try on the board who students raise their hands.
want to answer 4²,5², and 10²?

Yes (name of student)

ok correct very good the square root of
4²=4×4=16 (-4) =(-4)(-4)=16
It is always the product is positive numbers.
Now let's proceed to
4²=4×4=16 or (-4) = (-4) (-4) =16
5²=5×5=25 or (-5) ²= (-5) (-5) =25
10²=10×10=100 or (-10) ²= (-10)
(-10) =100

2. Irrational Number
- The numbers which are not rational
numbers are called irrational numbers.

Now let us elaborate irrational numbers.

- Irrational numbers could be written in
decimals but not in the form of
fractions which means they cannot be
written as a ratio of two integers. Students are listening.
- irrational numbers have endless
nonrepeating digits after the decimal
point.

Example: As we already define that irrational

numbers cannot be expressed in fraction or
ratio form. Example is✓8 show the square root
of ✓8 is equal to 2.828. The ✓8 is not
repeating and terminating decimals. Unlike our
rational numbers earlier, the product is always
an integer or a rational number. Since we can’t
make it a/b because it is repeating and non-
terminating decimals then this will be
considered a rational remember if our numbers
are not perfect square numbers then those are
considered a rational number. So, if you will
be asked what the principal root is of ✓8. What
will come out is this 2.828, so what if it is
asking for the exact value, we will be getting
the two consecutive integers of each irrational
numbers so irrational numbers are not perfect
square so we will get those two consecutive
integers.
So, between integers does ✓8 lie we get the
✓4<✓8<✓9 or
2<✓8<3
therefore ✓8 lies between 2 and 3

•Differences between Rational and

Irrational Numbers

The key difference between rational and

irrational number is the rational number is
expressed in the form of p/q whereas it is not
possible for a rational number.

Class what is the difference of rational and

irrational number again? students raised their hands.

Yes (name of student) Ma'am the rational is express in

form of p/q and on the rational
cannot be expressed in the form
of ratio.
Very well said!
So, class always remember that a rational
number of cannot be expressed in the form of
ratio but rational does. Yes ma’am

Example on this is.

- rational number include perfect square
such as 4, 9, 16, 25 and so on
- Irrational numbers include surds such Students are listening.
as ✓2✓3✓5✓7 and so on

Class is these rational and irrational number

clear to you?
If these are already clear, can we now proceed Yes ma’am!
to properties of rational and irrational
numbers? Yes ma’am!

•Properties of Rational and Irrational

Numbers

Here are some properties based on arithmetic

operations such as addition and multiplication
perform on the rational number and irrational
number.
students are listening.
1. Sum of two rational number is also
rational.
- irrational number is a number that can
be written as a/b where a and b are
integers and b ≠0
Example: For the x and y
So let x= a/b, where a and b are
integers and b≠0
And let y= c/d, where c and d are
integers and d≠0
Therefore x + y = a/b + c/d, so our
common denominator is bd and we can
multiply the ad and plus the multiply bc
ad +bc
bd
As a b c d are all integers then a b + b c
is an integer as bd are integer but b≠0
and d≠0 then bd is an integer and bd≠0.

let's try this one who want to try? Just follow Some student raised hand.
the example of x and y a while ago

½ +1/3 ½+1/3= (3)(1) +(2)(1)

Yes (name student) (2)(3)
=3+2/6
the denominator is both integers offers we get =5/6
the numerator we multiply the (1) (3) and plus
the multiplied (1)(2) and to get the
denominator (2)(3) so we have the product of
5/6.

Very good!
Do you understand class? Yes ma’am!

2. Sum of two irrational numbers is

irrational.
- proof that square root of 2 is irrational
number we're going to show that square
root of 2 cannot be expressed as an
integer are over an integer be in a Students are listening.
fraction and so in order explain that
proof by contradiction.
- ✓2 is equal of a/b it's important to
know that a and b have no common
factors.
E. Analysis
If things are already clear, I will give you an
activity SOLVE PROBLEMS.

In this activity you will going to find classify if

the following numbers are rational or irrational Students are listening.
numbers and squaring the root of the numbers.

is my instruction clear to you? Yes ma’am!

ok if that's clear then here is your activity.

1. Find any 5 rational numbers between 5 Between 5 and 6 are

and 6 so multiply and divide the
numbers 5 and 6 by 5 + 1.
That’s Means 5=5× (6/6) =30/6
6× (6/6) =36/6
2. Classify the following as rational and
irrational numbers ✓12,
✓16,✓5,0.9444,22/7,1.21321323412
3. Is the ✓144 a rational number?
F. Valuing
31/6,32/6,33/6,34/6, and 35/6
✓12 =irrational number
✓16=±4 Rational Number
✓5= irrational number
0.9444= Rational Number
22/7= Rational Number
1.23123123412=Irrational
number
yes, the square root of 144 is
irrational numbers
since✓144=±12

From our discussion and activities for you

what you do you think is the importance of
difference and properties of rational and Students raise their hands.
irrational numbers?

yes (name of student) For me the importance of our

discussion and activities is it give
us knowledge and idea about the
differences and properties of
rational and irrational numbers it
also gives as additional and their
standing about the numbers of
every number that have properties
Very good!
This discussion learning the differences of
rational and irrational numbers can give you an
idea on the properties of every number whether
it is perfect square or not
G. Generalization

If you really listen in our discussion and Rational and Irrational Numbers
 activities kindly give the two topic we discuss?

very good!

How about the differences of rational and Rationale is always the product is
irrational numbers? perfect square and it form p/q and
a rationale that form in any ratio.
Very well said!

What is rational number? It expressed as fraction and as

positive numbers and negative
numbers.
How about irrational numbers?
It could be written in decimals but
not in form of fraction.

APPLICATION
Create 5 groups per group contains of 8-9 persons. Every group was assigned to
present their answer in front.
 State whether the product of -2√3 and -2√5 is irrational.
Find four rational numbers between 10 and 11?
 Explain why the product of two irrational numbers may or may not be a
rational number using suitable examples.
EVALUATION
Answer the following question.
1. What is the main difference between rational and irrational numbers?
2. Give example of rational and irrational numbers?
3. How can we identify if a number is rational and irrational numbers?
4. Is 2/3 rational or irrational?
ASSIGNMENT
Using a calculator with square root key enter the number 2. Press the square root
key several times continuously. What do you observe about the numbers display?
Continue pressing the square root key until the number on the display no longer
changes. What is this number?