Tenuary22,2021 week I

class 2
ClassReps
JordanAshman
AmicaGordon

Inferential Statistics Dr. Royal-Thomas

(STAT 2001)
Random Variable
❑A random variable takes numerical values that describe the
outcomes of some chance process (random phenomenon).
ExamplesTossing a coin
Youdon'tknow if you'llget a head or tail variousoutcomes
Youcanalsoassignprobabilities ornumericalvaluestoyouroutcomeThisopensthe
doorto statistics

Rolling a die
choosing a card
Types of Random Variables
A Discrete Random Variable has a finite or countable number of
possible values. Listable canbe written out Examples
Unsafne
ofpersonsintheclass
o ofpatientswithinahospital
Example: ofplantsin agarden
◦ Consider tossing a fair coin three times. ofpassesfor a course
ofrainydays in a month
Outcome
◦ X = the number of heads on the coin; S = {0, 1, 2, 3} ofmales at afootballmatch
ee Ofletters inthealphabet
Samplespace S ocountable
Histable oflecturers at UWI
finite
Graphical representation of the sample space of X:
rented
rep by a soliddot
▪ ▪ ▪ ▪
0 1 2 3
 Types of Random Variables
A Continuous Random Variable can take on any value in some given interval.
i.e. a continuous quantity is measured, not counted.
Examples
IRnumberline enotfinite
onotcountable Length of a movie insecondsminutes
Example: notlistable Heightsofstudents
Weights
Choose a movie at random and record its exact running time. Volume
Y = the exact running time HeartRate
S = (0 , ∞)
Graphical representation of the sample space of Y: NOTE:
The sample space is continuous so Y = the
exact running time of a randomly selected
( movie is a continuous random variable.
0
Types of Random Variables
To identify whether a random variable is
discrete or continuous, ask yourself if the values
are counted or measured.
Random variables

counted Measured

I 1
Discrete continuous
 Probability Distribution of a Random
Variable

❑As the values or ranges of a random variable represents events, the

numerical values of a random variable, therefore, are associated
with specific probability or probability measures.
Once
youhavevalues or rangesthenumericaldata are associatedwithprobabilities
❑Probability measures may be assigned according to prescribed
rules that are called probability distributions or “probability law.”
of i 0Getting 10heads
Probability
Gettingstrikedout of acardgame
weightbeingover120lbs
Discrete Random Variables vs Continuous
Random Variables
Discrete
◦ Probability Mass
Function positive
sumsto 1

Continuous
◦ Probability positive
Density Function
Derivativeof Cdf
boundis
Integraloffeesfromlowertoupper 11

IfthecontinuousRandomvariableliesbetweentwo values
andupper
integrateusingthevalues as lower bounds
 Discrete Random Variables vs Continuous
Random Variables
Discrete
◦ Cumulative
Distribution
theprobabilityofXbeinglessthanorequalto aparticularvalue x
Function

valuebetween 0andI nondecreasingfunction

Continuous
◦ Cumulative
Distribution integralfromlowerlimit
Function upto x ofthepdf
Integralofpdf
 Mean i Centervalue
varianceSpread

Discrete Random Variables

Probability ofvalue X thevalueitself

Mean
 Discrete Random Variables - Example
Weekly Air Conditioning
Units Ordered
Units ordered X 0 1 2 3 4 5
Probability 0.05 0.15 0.27 0.33 0.13 0.07

Find E(X) and Var (X).

Whengiven a question
Understand What is happening
Whatisbeingsaid
What is being done
 week
2 55 Acs are ordered on averageper
The number of ACS ordered perweek will varyfrom themeanbyapproximately
15275o