Documentation on the Extended Penn World Tables 7.0, EPWT 7.

Adalmir Marquetti
Departamento de Economia and Programa de Pós-Graduação em Economia, Pontifícia Universidade
Católica do Rio Grande do Sul - PUCRS
e-mail: aam@pucrs.br

Alessandro Miebach
Departamento de Ciências Econômicas e Programa de Pós-graduação em Economia, Universidade
Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS
e-mail: aledonadio@gmail.com

Henrique Morrone
Departamento de Ciências Econômicas e Programa de Pós-graduação em Economia, Universidade
Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS
e-mail: hmorrone@hotmail.com

Please, cite the data set as:

Marquetti, A., Miebach, A., and Morrone, H. (2021). The Extended Penn World Tables 7.0. Texto para Discussão
2021/01, UFRGS.
We would like to thank Duncan Foley, Thom Michl, Daniele Tavani, Gabriel Mendonza Pichardo, Scott Carter,
Duílio Berni, Anwar Shaikh, Deepankar Basu, Julio Huato, and Michael Roberts for their support to the Extended
Penn World Table project. We are also grateful to Amanda Cereza dos Santos for providing helpful research
assistance in the elaboration of the EPWT 10.0. Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico,
CNPp, provided partial financial support for this project.

Each row of the spreadsheet contains the following variables:

1. Country_ Country in the data set. The countries included are:

Aruba, Angola, Anguilla, Albania, United Arab Emirates, Argentina, Armenia, Antigua and
Barbuda, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Burundi, Belgium, Benin, Burkina Faso, Bangladesh,
Bulgaria, Bahrain, Bahamas, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Belarus, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil,
Barbados, Brunei Darussalam, Bhutan, Botswana, Central African Republic, Canada,
Switzerland, Chile, China, Côte d'Ivoire, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Congo,
Colombia, Comoros, Cabo Verde, Curaçao, Cayman Islands, Costa Rica, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Germany, Djibouti, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Algeria, Ecuador, Egypt, Spain,
Estonia, Ethiopia, Finland, Fiji, France, Gabon, United Kingdom, Georgia, Ghana, Guinea,
Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Equatorial Guinea, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, China Hong Kong,
Honduras, Croatia, Haiti, Hungary, Indonesia, India, Ireland, Iran, Iraq, Iceland, Israel, Italy,
Jamaica, Jordan, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kyrgyzstan¸ Cambodia, Saint Kitts and Nevis,
Republic of Korea, Kuwait, Lao People, Lebanon, Liberia, Saint Lucia, Sri Lanka, Lesotho,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Latvia, China Macao, Morocco, Republic of Moldova, Madagascar,
Maldives, Mexico, North Macedonia, Mali, Malta, Myanmar, Montenegro, Mongolia,
Mozambique, Mauritania, Montserrat, Mauritius, Malawi, Malaysia, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria,
Nicaragua, Netherlands, Norway, Nepal, New Zealand, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Peru,
Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Paraguay, State of Palestine, Qatar, Romania, Russian Federation¸
Rwanda, Saudi Arabia¸ Sudan, Senegal, Singapore, Sierra Leone, El Salvador, Serbia, Sao Tome
and Principe, Suriname, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Eswatini, Sint Maarten (Dutch part),
Seychelles, Syrian Arab Republic, Turks and Caicos Islands, Chad, Togo, Thailand, Tajikistan,
Turkmenistan, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Taiwan, U.R. of Tanzania: Mainland,
Uganda, Ukraine, Uruguay, United States, Uzbekistan, St. Vincent and the Grenadines,
Venezuela, British Virgin Islands, Viet Nam, Yemen, South Africa, Zambia, Zimbabwe.

2. Countrycode _ It is the country identifier.

3. Currency _ It is the country currency.

4. Continent _ It presents the continent in which the countries are located according to the online
version of the United Nations (2021) publication "Standard Country or Area Codes for Statistical
Use". Turkey was the only country that we “moved” from Asia to Europe.

5. Subregion _ It presents the subregions in which the countries are located according to the
online version of the United Nations (2021) publication "Standard Country or Area Codes for
Statistical Use". Turkey was the only country that we “moved” from Western Asia to Southern
Europe.

6. Year_ Years covered in the data set. The EPWT 10.0 starts in the 1950s for 71 countries, in
the 1960s for 38 countries, in the 1970s for 44 countries, in the 1990s for 33 countries, and in the
2000s for two countries. There is information for 152 countries in 1970.

7. Population _ It is the total population obtained from the PWT 10.0.

8. N _ It represents the number of employed workers. It is obtained from the PWT 10.0.

9. LabShare _ It is the labor share in the GDP. The main source is the PWT 10.0. The PWT 10.0
has many countries and years without information on labor share. Moreover, the information is
repeated for early and final observations. In order to solve this problem, we employ the
information displayed in the ILO (2021), Conference Board (2021) and in older versions of the
EPWT. For the largest Latin American countries, we use Alarco (2014) to complete the
information for the period 1950-2019.

10. E_ It is the energy use expressed in kilograms of oil equivalent. It is the population times the
variable energy use in kg of oil equivalent per capita obtained in World Bank (2021).

11. B_ It is the emissions of CO2 expressed in kilograms of carbon. The source is World Bank
(2021). The data includes carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas
fuels and gas flaring.

12. Delta _ It is the depreciation rate of the capital stock, variable delta in the PWT 10.0.
13. XGDPnat2017_ It is the real Gross Domestic Product at constant 2017 national prices, the
variable q_gdp in the additional data on National Accounts of PWT 10.0.

14. Knat2017_ It is the capital stock at constant 2017 national prices, the data source is the
additional file which contains the capital detail data of PWT 10.0. It is the net capital stock of
residential and non-residential structures plus net capital stock of machinery and (non-transport)
equipment plus the net capital stock of transport equipment plus the net capital stock of other
assets deflated by their respective price index.

15. xnat2017_ It is the labor productivity at constant 2017 national prices, the ratio between the
real GDP at constant 2017 national prices and the number of workers.

16. rhonat2017_ It is the productivity of capital (output-capital ratio) measured at constant 2017
national prices. It is the ratio between the real GDP at constant 2017 national prices and the
capital stock at constant 2017 national prices.

17. knat2017_ It is the capital labor ratio at constant 2017 national prices. It is the ratio between
the real Capital stock at constant 2017 national prices and the number of workers.

18. inat2017_ It is the investment per worker-year at constant 2017 national prices. It includes
the gross fixed capital formation and the variation in inventories. The source is the additional
data on capital stock from the PWT 10.0.

19. cnat2017_ It is the social consumption per worker-year at constant 2017 national prices. It is
computed as the labor productivity less investment per worker, variable xnat2017 less inat2017.

20. rnat2017_ It is the net profit rate measured at constant 2017 national prices. It is computed
as: [(1 – LabShare) * rhonat2017] – delta].

21. wnat2017_ It is the Average real wage at constant 2017 national prices. It is computed as the
labor productivity times the wage share.

22. XGDPnatcur _ It is the Gross Domestic Product at current national prices. The data source is
the additional data on National Accounts from the PWT 10.0.

23. Knatcur _ It is the capital stock at current national prices. The data source is the additional
data on capital from the PWT 10.0. It is the net capital stock of residential and non-residential
structures plus net capital stock of machinery and (non-transport) equipment plus the net capital
stock of transport equipment plus the net capital stock of other assets at current cost.

24. xnatcur _ It is the labor productivity at current 2017 national prices. It is the ratio between the
GDP at current national prices and the number of workers.
25. rhonatcur _ It is the productivity of capital (output-capital ratio) measured at current national
prices. It is the ratio between the real GDP at current national prices and the capital stock at
current national prices.

26. knatcur _ It is the the capital labor ratio at current national prices, the ratio between the
capital stock at current national prices and the number of workers.

27. inatcur _ It is the investment per worker-year at current national prices. It includes the gross
fixed capital formation and the variation in inventories. The data source is the additional data on
capital stock from the PWT 10.0.

28. cnatcur _ It is the social consumption per worker-year at current national prices. It is
computed as the labor productivity less investment per worker at current national prices.

29. rnatcur _ It is the net profit rate measured at current national prices. It is computed as:
[(1 – LabShare)* rhocur] – delta]. It is our preferred measure of profit rate.

30. wnatcur_ It is the the average real wage at current national prices. It is computed as the labor
productivity at current national prices times the wage share.

31. XGDPppp2017_ It is the real Gross Domestic Product at 2017 purchasing power parity, 2017
PPP. It is the variable rgdpna in the PWT 10.0. For 2017, the GDP is computed at purchasing
power parity, then for other years the GDP is computed employing the real growth rate of the
constant national GDP. It is the procedure employed in older versions of the Penn World Tables.

32. Kppp2017_ It is the capital stock at constant 2017 PPP, the variable rnna in the PWT 10.0.

33. xppp2017_ It is the labor productivity at constant 2017 PPP, the ratio between the real GDP
at constant 2017 PPP and the number of workers.

34. rhoppp2017_ It is the productivity of capital (output-capital ratio) measured at constant 2017
PPP, the ratio between the real GDP at constant 2017 national prices and the capital stock at
constant 2017 national prices.

35. kppp2017_ It is the capital labor ratio at constant 2017 PPP, the ratio between the real
Capital stock at constant 2017 PPP and the number of workers.

36. ippp2017_ It is the investment per worker-year at constant 2017 PPP. It includes the gross
fixed capital formation and the variation in inventories.

37. cppp2017_ It is the social consumption per worker-year at constant 2017 PPP. It is computed
as the labor productivity less investment per worker at constant 2017 PPP.

38. rppp2017_ It is the net profit rate measured at constant 2017 PPP. It is computed as:
[(1 – LabShare)* rhoPPP2017] – delta].
39. wppp2017_ Average real wage at constant 2017 PPP. It is computed as the labor productivity
at constant 2017 PPP times the wage share.

References

Alarco, G. (2014). Wage share and economic growth in Latin America 1950–2011. CEPAL
Review, 113(Aug.): 41–56.

Conference Board (2021). Total Economy Database. New York: Conference Board. Available
in: https://www.conference-board.org/data/economydatabase. Downloaded: 11/08/2021.

Feenstra, Robert C., Robert Inklaar and Marcel P. Timmer. (2015). The Next Generation of the
Penn World Table. American Economic Review, 105(10), 3150-3182.

ILO. (2021). ILOSTAT. Geneva: International Labor Organization. Available in:

https://ilostat.ilo.org/data. Downloaded: 17/09/2021.

UN. (2021). Standard Country or Area Codes for Statistical Use. New York: United Nations
Statistical Division. Available in: https://unstats.un.org/unsd/methodology/m49/. Downloaded:
24/09/2021.

World Bank. (2021). World Bank Open Data. Washington: The World Bank. Available in:
http://data.worldbank.org. Downloaded: 10/11/2021.