LOGIC CHEAT SHEET

OTHER IMMEDIATE INFERENCES

GIVEN FORM SUBALTERN
CV OV CP
A I ✓ ✓ ✓
E O ✓ ✓ ✓

❌
I A ✓ ✓

❌
O E ✓ ✓

OTHER IMMEDIATE INFERENCES

GIVEN FORM SUBALTERN
CV OV CP
All S is P Some S is P Some P is S No S is non-P All non-P is non-S
No S is P Some S is not P No P is S All S is non-P Some non-P is not non-S
Some S is P All S is P Some P is S Some S is not non-P INVALID
Some S is not P No S is P INVALID Some S is non-P Some non-P is not non-S

CV = Converse Only E and I have valid CV.

OV = Obverse All OV are valid.
CP = Contrapositive Only A and O have valid CP.

STANDARD FORM SYLLOGISM STAR TEST SHORTCUTS

 Format: Major Premise + 1. Use well-formed formulas (WFF)  2 +P  +C
Minor Premise + Conclusion  UPPERCASE = general categories  1 +P, 1 -P  -C
M* A  lowercase = specific individual  2 -P  no C
All mountaineers are athletes. 2. Underline the ff.  2 P(u)  C(u)
S* M  The letter after ALL  1 P(u), 1 P(p)  1 C(p)
All soccer players are mountaineers.  Both letters after NO  2 P(p)  no C
S A*  The letter after NOT P = Premise
∴ All soccer players are athletes. 3. Put a star ( * ) on every premise letter that is underlined. C = Conclusion
4. Put a star ( * ) on every conclusion letter that is not underlined. + = positive
 All terms are used twice. 5. Identify if the syllogism is valid. - = negative
(u) = universal (All/No)
 Three categorical terms:  Every capital letter is starred exactly one.
(p) = particular (Some)
 2 premises(P); 1 conclusion(C)  There must be exactly one star on the right-hand side (or *note: structure matters still; safer to use star test
the part after the IS or IS NOT).
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V