‫اﻟﺠﺰء اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬

‫ﻣﺎدة اﻷﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﯿﺎت‬
‫اﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬
‫ﻗﺴﻢ اﻟﻔﯿﺰﯾﺎء‬
‫د‪ .‬ﻋﺒﺪاﻟﻜﺮﯾﻢ زﯾﺪان ﺧﻠﻒ‬
f=50Hz Vrms=220V
Vrms=240V, f=60Hz Vrms=120V, f=60Hz

DC Power Supply
V2 N2 N2
V2 V1 (3 1)
V1 N1 N1
 Half-Wave Rectifier

vi io rB io RL 0
vi
io , But vi Vm sin( ) for 0
Rf RL
Vm
io ( ) sin( ) for 0
Rf RL

Vm
io I m sin( ) , Im , vo io RL (3 2)
Rf RL

Vm io v
Rf RL Im
vo
 Vm VB
Im (3 3)
R f RL

io vo o for 2

To Ti so, fo fi

Peak Inverse Voltage PIV

PIV Vm

1 2
I m sin( ) for 0
I dc io d , io
2 0 0 for 2

2
1 Im Im
I dc [ I m sin( ) d (0) d ] [ cos( )] [ ( 1 1)]
2 0 2 0 2
Im
I dc (3 4)
 Vm
Vdc (3 5)

2 2
1 2 1 1
I rms (io ) d [ I m sin( ) ]2 d [0 ]2 d
2 0 2 0 2
I m2
I rms sin 2 ( )d
2 0

1
sin 2 (1 cos 2 )
2

1 1 1
I rms Im (1 cos 2 )d Im [ d cos 2 d ]
2 0 2 4 0 0

Im
I rms (3 6)
2
 Full-Wave
Wave Rectifier

D1, D2 center-tapped transformer

i1 D1
D2
D1
i1 i2 D2
 Vm
Im (3 7)
Rf RL

Vm VB
Im (3 8)
R f RL

Ti
To so, f o 2 fi
2

1 2
I m sin( ) for 0
I dc io d , io
2 0 I m sin( ) for 2
2
1
I dc [ I m sin( ) d ( I m sin( ) d ) ]
2 0
Im 2 Im
[ cos( )] cos( )] [ ( 1 1) 1 ( 1)]
2 0 2
2I m
I dc (3 9)

2Vm
Vdc

2 2
1 1 1
I rms (io ) 2 d [ I m sin( ) ]2 d [ I m sin( ) ]2 d
2 0 2 0 2
 I m2 I m2 2
I rms sin 2 ( )d sin 2 ( )d
2 0 2
Im
I rms (3 10)
2

D1 2Vm D2

PIV 2Vm

PIV
 D4 D2
D1, D3
D2, D4
D3,D1

fo 2 fi
2I m 2Vm
I dc , Vdc (3 11)
Im Vm
I rms ,Vrms
2 2

PIV Vm
 Vm
Im (3 12)
2R f RL

Vm 2VB
Im (3 13)
2R f RL

2VB=1.4V
0.7V

0.3V

Rectification Efficiency

D.C. power delivered to the load

A C. input power from the transforme r secondary
Pdc
Pac

Pdc I dc2 RL
2
Pac I rms ( RL R f )
 I dc2 RL
2
(3 14 )
I rms ( RL R f )

Im Im
I dc , I rms
2
Im
( ) 2 RL
4 RL
Im 2 2
( RL Rf )
( ) ( RL Rf )
2
0.406
(3 15)
Rf
1
RL

RL R f

max 0.406 40.6 100 %

max 40.6% (3 16)

2I m Im
I dc , I rms
2
 2I m
( ) 2 RL
8 RL
Im 2 2
( RL Rf )
() ( RL Rf )
2
0.812
Rf
1
RL
max 81 .2% (3 17 )

RL 2R f

0.812
2R f
1
RL
max 81.2% (3 18)

Ripple Factor

r Ripple Factor

Vac I ac
r (3 19)
Vdc I dc

P
 2
P I rms RL

P I dc2 RL I ac2 RL

2
I rms I dc2 I ac2

2
I ac I rms I dc2

2
I rms I dc2 2
I rms I dc2
r
I dc I dc2 I dc2
2
I rms
r 1 (3 20)
I dc2

Im Im
I rms I dc
2

Im 2
( ) 2

r 2 1 1
Im 2 4
( )

r 1.21 (3 21)
 Im 2I m
I rms I dc
2

Im 2
( ) 2
r 2 1 1
2I m 2 8
( )

r 0.483 (3 22)

4 2 1
2fi 2fi fi fo
2Im 2Im Im Idc
2VB VB VB
Vm 2Vm Vm PIV
81.2% 81.2% 40.6% max

0.483 0.483 1.21 r

Filter Circuits
Smoothing Circuits
 Choke

f=0 XL 2 fL
1
XC XC
2 fC
RL

XL

RL
VDC VDC (3 23)
R RL

R VDC

V DC RL

RL R
VDC VDC
 XC
Vr Vr (3 24)
XL

Vr Vr
XC XL
Hz

7 Vm
Vr 5.28 10
LC

RL
Lcritical
1000

RL
VDC VDC
R RL
 2Vm 2 30
VDC

VDC 19.1V
550
VDC 19.1
22 550
VDC 18.37 V

Capacitive-Input Filter
 Rf C Vm

N Vm
P
T RLC RL

1
r (3 25)
2 3 fCRL
 1
r
4 3 fCRL

RLC RL
T
10
RLC 10T , or RLC
2 fi
60Hz

0.00417
VDC (1 ) Vm
RLC

0.0024 Vm
Vr
RL C

0.24
Cmin
rRL
 10
RL C
2 fi
6
RLC 320 480 10

RLC 0.153 sec 153 m sec

10 10
0.0833 sec 83.3m sec
2 fi 2 60
10
RLC
2 fi

0.00417
VDC (1 )Vm
RL C

0.00417
VDC (1 ) 32
320 480 10 6
VDC 0.973 32

VDC 31.14V
0.0024 Vm
Vr
RL C
 0.0024 32
Vr 6
320 480 10
Vr 0.5V

RLC 10 / 2 f1

RC-Filter
=225 =15
15 =3300
3300 225

LC-Filter
 RL
Vout Vin
RS RL
Vout Vin

The Negative Clipper

Vi E
 RL
Vo IRL Vi
RS RL

Vo Vi , for Vi E

Vi E

Vo E, for Vi E

Vo Vi , for Vi E
Vo E VB , for Vi E

Vo= E Vo= E

=
=
L

L
Vo 2Vm
 Vo 3Vm

Vo 4Vm
 VS VD
IS
RS