Lecture 7 - Current Fields of Civil Engineering Construction Management

CIVIL ENGINEERING ORIENTATION
LECTURE 7: CURRENT FIELDS/CAREERS OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT
Subject Code: ES 111
Units: 2 UNITS
Section: CE1-D
Schedule: TUE. 6:00PM – 8:00PM
LECTURE 7: CURRENT FIELDS/CAREERS OF CIVIL ENGINEERING: CONSTRUCTION ENGG & MANAGEMENT
LECTURE 7 OUTLINE
I. INTRODUCTION
II. CONSTRUCTION PROCESSES
III. ELECTRICAL AND MECHANICAL FACILITIES
IV. CONSTRUCTION MACHINERY
V. FINANCIAL COST AND MANAGEMENT
VI. CONTRACTS AND SPECIFICATIONS
VII. HEALTH AND SAFETY ISSUES
I. INTRODUCTION
CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT - is a combined study of basic civil
engineering and construction management courses. Graduates shall be knowledgeable on the
fundamentals of structural and construction engineering like design and analysis, material testing
and quality assurance, building systems, construction technologies, and surveying.

A building is an assemblage that is firmly attached to the ground and that provides total
or nearly total shelter for machines, processing equipment, performance of human activities,
storage of human possessions, or any combination of these.
An environment that is created by a man with or without the help of natural environment
is called a built environment.

Building design is the process of providing all information necessary for construction of a
building that will meet its owner‘s requirements and also satisfy public health, welfare, and
safety requirements.
Architecture is the art and science of building design.
Building construction is the process of assembling materials to form a building.
Contractor - building construction is generally performed by laborers and crafts people

engaged for the purpose by an individual or organization.
- The contractor signs an agreement, or contract, with the building owner under which
the contractor agrees to construct a specific building on a specified site and the owner agrees to
pay for the materials and services provided.

PLANNING:

CONTRUCTION:

Drawings Used in the Construction Process
i. Location Drawings and Site Plans: used to locate site, buildings, define site levels, indicate
services to buildings, identify parts of site such as roads, footpaths and boundaries and to
give setting-out dimensions for the site and buildings as a whole. Suitable scale not less
than 1:2500
ii. Floor Plans: used to identify and set out parts of the building such as rooms, corridors,
doors, windows, etc, Suitable scale not less than 1:100
iii. Elevations: used to show external appearance of all faces and to identify doors and
windows. Suitable scale not less than 1:100
iv. Sections: used to provide vertical views through the building to show method of
construction. Suitable scale not less than 1:50
v. Component Drawings: used to identify and supply data for components to be supplied by
a manufacturer or for components not completely covered by assembly drawings. Suitable
scale range 1:100 to 1:1

vi. Assembly Drawings: used to show how items fit together or are assembled to form
elements. Suitable scale range 1:20 to 1:5 All drawings should be fully annotated, fully
dimensioned and cross-referenced.
vii. Sketch: this can be defined as a draft or rough outline of an idea; it can be a means of
depicting a threedimensional form in a two-dimensional guise

Gantt Chart – A chart that shows schedule for the entire project.

Access considerations:
this must be considered
for both on- and off- site
access. Routes to and
from the site must be
checked as to the
suitability for
transporting all the
requirements for the
proposed works

In most construction projects electric and mechanical facilities are to be installed. Basic
knowledge of common electrical and mechanical facilities is required for the installation of
these facilities and their integration into the main structure.

Office Accommodation
Generally, separate offices would be provided for site agent, clerk of works,
administrative staff, site surveyors and sales staff.

From conveyer belts and bulldozers to scrapers, excavators, loaders, graders,
compactors, cranes, and pipelayers, many different machines are used in construction.
Knowledge of these machines‘ capabilities is required in planning the types and quantity
needed for a construction project.
Equipment used in site:

1. Bulldozers
2. Scrapers
3. Graders
4. Excavating Machines
5. Transport Vehicles
6. Cranes

1. Bulldozers - These machines consist of a

track or wheel mounted power unit with a
mould blade at the front which is controlled
by hydraulic rams.
The main functions of a bulldozer are:

a. Shallow excavations up to 300 m
deep either on level ground or sidehill cutting.
b. Clearance of shrubs and small trees.
c. Clearance of trees by using raised
mould blade as a pusher arm.
d. Acting as a towing tractor.
e. Acting as a pusher to scraper
machines.

2. Scrapers - These machines consist of a

scraper bowl which is lowered to cut and
collect soil where site stripping and levelling
operations are required involving large
volume of earth.
Scrapers are available in three basic formats:

a. Towed Scrapers - 4-wheeled scraper
b. Two Axle Scrapers – 2 wheeled scraper
c. Three Axle Scrapers - consist of a two-
wheeled scraper bowl which may have a
rear engine to assist the four-wheeled
traction engine which makes up the
complement.

2. Scrapers
Scrapers are available in three basic formats:

Towed Scraper Two Axle Scraper Three Axle Scraper

3. Graders - These machines are similar in

concept to bulldozers in that they have a Iong
slender, adjustable mould blade, which is
usually slung under the centre of the machine.
Two basic formats of grader are available:

a. Four Wheeled: all wheels are driven and
steered which gives the machine the ability
to offset and crab along its direction of
travel.
b. Six Wheeled: this machine has four wheels
in tandem drive at the rear and two front-
tilting idler wheels, giving it the ability to
counteract side thrust.

3. Graders
Two basic formats of grader are available:

Four Wheeled Grader Six Wheeled Grader

4. Excavating Machines -These are one of the major

items of builders plant and are used primarily to
excavate and load most types of soil. Excavating
machines come in a wide variety of designs and sizes
but all of them can be placed within one of three
categories:
a. Universal Excavators: this category covers most

forms of excavators all of which have a common factor:
the power unit. The universal power unit is a tracked
based machine with a slewing capacity of 360 and by
altering the boom arrangement and bucket type
different excavating functions can be obtained. These
machines are selected for high output requirements
and are rope controlled.

b. Purpose Designed Excavators

these are machines which have
been designed specifically to carry
out one mode of excavation and
they usually have smaller bucket
capacities than universal excavator;
they are hydraulically controlled
with a shorter cycle time.

c. Multi-Purpose Excavators - these

machines can perform several
excavating functions having both
front and rear attachments. They
are designed to carry out small
excavation operations of low output
quickly and efficiently. Multi-
purpose excavators can be obtained
with a wheeled or tracked base and
are ideally suited for a small
building firm with low excavation
plant utilization requirements.

Equipment used in site: c. Lorries: these are sometimes referred to as
haul vehicles and are available as road- or site-
5. Transport Vehicles These can be defined as only vehicles
vehicles whose primary function is to convey
passengers and/or materials between and
around building sites.
a. Vans: these transport vehicles range from

the small two-person plus a limited amount
of materials to the large vans with purpose
designed bodies such as those built to carry
large sheets of glass
b. Passenger Vehicles: to carry a limited
number of seated passengers

Equipment used in site: e. Fork Lift Trucks: these are used for the
horizontal and limited vertical transportation of
5. Transport Vehicles materials positioned on pallets or banded
together such as brick packs.
d. Dumpers: these are used for the horizontal
transportation of materials on and off
construction sites generally by means of an
integral tipping skip.

Equipment used in site: g. Passenger Hoist: these are designed to carry
passengers, although most are capable of
5. Transport Vehicles transporting a combined load of materials and
passengers within the lifting capacity of the
f. Hoists: these are designed for the vertical hoist.
transportation of materials, passengers, or
materials and passengers

6. Cranes These are lifting devices designed

to raise materials by means of rope
operation and move the load horizontally
within the limitations of any particular
machine

1. Building Cost
Construction cost of a building usually is a dominant design concern. One reason is that
if construction cost exceeds the owner's budget, the owner may cancel the project. Another
reason is that costs, such as property taxes and insurance, that occur after completion of the
building often are proportional to the initial cost.
Construction costs usually consist of interest on the following:

a. Construction Loan e. Equipment
b. Permit Fees f. Labor not covered by the contracts
c. Costs of Materials
2. Estimating is the process of determining the expected quantities and costs of the materials,
labor, and equipment for a construction project. The goal of the estimating process is to project
as accurately as possible, the estimated costs for a construction project, as well as the required
amount of materials, labor, and equipment necessary to complete the work.

S-curve is a graph derived from the cost loaded schedule and compares planned versus actual
progress.
VI. CONTRACTS AND SPECIFICATIONS

A civil engineering construction contract is one in which the contractor‘s principal obligation is
to carry out works of civil engineering construction.
A contract is a legal document that specifies the responsibilities of both the contractor who
delivers the service and the owner who receives the service.
Specifications are also legal documents that the contractor must follow throughout the project.
Specifications are often based on well-developed construction practices but sometimes may
include special requirements added by the owner
VII. HEALTH AND SAFETY ISSUES

Safety is the most important thing to consider on site.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) - All equipment (including clothing affording

protection against the weather) which is intended to be worn or held by a person at work
which protects them against one or more risks to their health and safety by Personal
Protective Equipment Regulations.
Safety Officer – evaluate and monitor health and safety hazards and develop strategies to
control risks in the workplace. They inspect construction sites to ensure compliance with
workplace safety regulations and those for the handling and storage of hazardous
substances.
COSH Training (Construction Safety and Health Seminar) - is a forty (40)-hour seminar
that is intended to equip the contractor/applicant with the knowledge on standard
occupational safety, health, practices and processes in construction industry.
END

Lecture 7 - Current Fields of Civil Engineering Construction Management

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Lecture 7 - Current Fields of Civil Engineering Construction Management

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

CIVIL ENGINEERING ORIENTATION

LECTURE 7: CURRENT FIELDS/CAREERS OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

II. CONSTRUCTION PROCESSES

II. CONSTRUCTION PROCESSES

Architecture is the art and science of building design.

Building construction is the process of assembling materials to form a building.

Contractor - building construction is generally performed by laborers and crafts people

II. CONSTRUCTION PROCESSES

II. CONSTRUCTION PROCESSES

II. CONSTRUCTION PROCESSES

II. CONSTRUCTION PROCESSES

II. CONSTRUCTION PROCESSES

II. CONSTRUCTION PROCESSES

III. ELECTRICAL AND MECHANICAL FACILITIES

III. ELECTRICAL AND MECHANICAL FACILITIES

IV. CONSTRUCTION MACHINERY

Equipment used in site:

IV. CONSTRUCTION MACHINERY

1. Bulldozers - These machines consist of a

The main functions of a bulldozer are:

IV. CONSTRUCTION MACHINERY

2. Scrapers - These machines consist of a

Scrapers are available in three basic formats:

IV. CONSTRUCTION MACHINERY

Scrapers are available in three basic formats:

IV. CONSTRUCTION MACHINERY

3. Graders - These machines are similar in

Two basic formats of grader are available:

IV. CONSTRUCTION MACHINERY

Two basic formats of grader are available:

IV. CONSTRUCTION MACHINERY

4. Excavating Machines -These are one of the major

a. Universal Excavators: this category covers most

IV. CONSTRUCTION MACHINERY

b. Purpose Designed Excavators

IV. CONSTRUCTION MACHINERY

c. Multi-Purpose Excavators - these

IV. CONSTRUCTION MACHINERY

a. Vans: these transport vehicles range from

IV. CONSTRUCTION MACHINERY

IV. CONSTRUCTION MACHINERY

IV. CONSTRUCTION MACHINERY

6. Cranes These are lifting devices designed

V. FINANCIAL COST AND MANAGEMENT

Construction costs usually consist of interest on the following:

V. FINANCIAL COST AND MANAGEMENT

VI. CONTRACTS AND SPECIFICATIONS

VII. HEALTH AND SAFETY ISSUES

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) - All equipment (including clothing affording

You might also like