APH 411 – Feed Milling Technology

COURSE PARTICULARS
Course Code: APH 411
Course Title: Feed Milling Technology
No. of Units: 2
Course Duration: One hour of theory and three hours of practical per week for 15 weeks.
Status: Compulsory
Course Email Address: aph411@futa.edu.ng
Course Webpage:
Prerequisite: NIL

COURSE INSTRUCTORS
Professor J. O. Agbede
Room 105, SAAT Annex,
Dept. of Animal Production & Health,
Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria.
Phone: +2348064840143
Email: joagbede@futa.edu.ng

and
Dr. F. A. Igbasan
B. Agric. Tech. (Hons) Akure, M. Sc. Ibadan, Ph. D. Manitoba, Canada (Reader)
Room 101, SAAT Annex,
Dept. of Animal Production & Health,
Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria.
Phone: +2348034736991
Email: faigbasan@futa.edu.ng

COURSE DESCRIPTION
This course is key to intensive animal production and its proper understanding by the students is
compulsory for successful and profitable animal enterprise. It also meets the need of students in
fish and grass cutter production. In addition, the course provides hands-on training in the use of
exel in feed formulation. As a practical course, the focus is to impart useful skills on the students
in order to appreciate the strategic role of good feed milling practice with a view to improving
student’s knowledge in feed formulation and feed milling technology. Topics to be covered
include overview of the Nigerian feed mill industry, feed mill establishment and operation, feed
milling machine designs, components and maintenance operations, feedstuff sourcing, storage,

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processing and quality control. Others include animal by-products processing and utilization,
finish feed quality control and techniques of manual and computerized feed formulation,
economics and management of feed mill operations, marketing and sales promotion in feed mill
industry and safety regulations pertaining to feed manufacture.

COURSE OBJECTIVES
The objectives of this course are to:
 enhance the feed milling management capability of students;
 provide students with opportunities to use spreadsheets in formulating feeds for different
classes of animals;
 acquaint students with various ingredient processing methods and make them alive to the
safety regulations associated with feed milling; and
 introduce students to economic benefits of feed mill in intensive livestock production.

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES / COMPETENCIES

Upon successful completion of this course, the student will be able to:
(Knowledge based)
 visit several feed mills in Akure and its environ for comparison;
 have knowledge of the various components of a standard feed mill;
 have basic information as to how feed milling machine can be designed, assembled and
maintained;
 formulate feeds for various classes of animal; and
 understand the economic and safety regulations of a feed mill;
(Skills)

 enhance ability to be able to establish a feed mill if called to do so;

 use both manual and computer software to formulate simple feeds;
 subject feed ingredients to various processing techniques and be able to do quality
assessment of both ingredients and finished feeds.

GRADING SYSTEM FOR THE COURSE

This course will be graded as follows:
Class Attendance 10%
Assignments 10%
Test(s) 20%
Final Examination 60%
TOTAL 100%

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GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS
Attendance: It is expected that every student will be in class for lectures and also participate in
all practical exercises. Attendance records will be kept and used to determine each person’s
qualification to sit for the final examination. In case of illness or other unavoidable cause of
absence, the student must communicate as soon as possible with any of the instructors, indicating
the reason for the absence.

Academic Integrity: Violations of academic integrity, including dishonesty in assignments,

examinations, or other academic performances are prohibited. You are not allowed to make
copies of another person’s work and submit it as your own; that is plagiarism. All cases of
academic dishonesty will be reported to the University Management for appropriate sanctions in
accordance with the guidelines for handling students’ misconduct as spelt out in the Students’
Handbook.
Assignments and Group Work: Students are expected to submit assignments as scheduled.
Failure to submit an assignment by certain student as at when due will earn such student zero for
that assignment. Only under extenuating circumstances, for which a student has notified any of
the instructors in advance, will late submission of assignments be permitted.

Code of Conduct in Lecture Rooms and Laboratories: Students should turn off their cell phones
during lectures. Students are prohibited from engaging in other activities (such as texting,
watching videos, etc.) during lectures. Food and drinks are not permitted in the laboratories.

READING LIST
1
Atteh, J.O. (2002). Principles & Practice of Livestock Feed Manufacturing. Published by
ADLEK, Ilorin, Nigeria. 205p.
1
Oyediji, G.O. (2006). Feedmill Management in Nigeria. A handbook for Animal Scientists,
Feedmillers, Agriculture Students and Allied Professionals. Published by Jmmy Virgo
Press Limited, Nigeria. 106p.
1
Oyediji, G.O. (2005). Guidelines for Effective Sanitation and pest Management. Published by
de-Infinity Vision Nigeria Enterprise, Nigeria. 138p.
2
Nigerian Federal Livestock Department (1989). Feedmill Management in Nigeria. Published by
Ibadan University Press, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. 345p.

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3
McDonald, P.,Edwards, R.A., Greenhalgh, J.F.D and Morgan, C.A. (1998). Animal Nutrition.
5th Edition. Published by Longman, Malaysia. 607p.
4
Pond, W.G., Church, D.C., Pond, K.R. Schonknecht, P.A. (2005). Basic Animal Nutrition and
Feeding. 5th Edition. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., USA. 580p.
4
NRC (1994). Nutrient Requirements of Poultry: 9th Revised Edition. Published by The National
Academies Press. 174p.
4
NRC (1998). Nutrient Requirements of Swine: 10th Revised Edition. Published by The National
Academies Press. 211p.
Legend
1- Available in local bookshops
2- Available in the Nigerian Federal Livestock Department.
3- Available in SAAT and Departmental Libraries.
4- Available as Personal Collection.

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 COURSE OUTLINE
Week Topic
1  Overview of the Nigerian feed mill
industry.
 Feed mill establishment and operation.
 Feed milling machine designs,
2&3 components and maintenance operations
 Feed Mill Accessories
 Feedstuff sourcing
4&5  Feedstuff storage
 Feedstuff processing (Plant origin)
 Feedstuff processing (Animal by-
products) and utilization
6  Standardization and quality control in
Animal Feeds
 Finished Feed quality and handling
7&8 Principles and Techniques of manual formulation
 Pearson’s Square Method
 Simultaneous Equation Method
 More Complex diets (Trial and Error
Method)
9 & 10  Computerized Feed Formulation and
Practical formulation using the
spreadsheets and other available software
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Remarks
During this first class, the
expectation of the students from the
course will also be documented.
Students will be made to visit the
Feed mill of the Teaching &
Research Farm, FUTA. Also, draw a
well labelled flour plan of the feed
mill.
There is hardly any ingredient that
does not have substitute, thus
students will be informed of
available feed ingredients and
adaptable processing methods to
enhance their utilization.
Student will appreciate the need to
have developed standards and quality
control mechanism at various levels
of feed production. Students will be
exposed to nutrient analysis typified
by proximate composition and when
possible mycotoxins.
Students should be able to formulate
feeds for various species of animals
manually.
FIRST ASSESSMENT TEST
Microsoft Excel is the spreadsheet
program to be used. Students will be
taught on efficient use of the
program for feed formulation for
various species of animals.
11 & 12  Formulating to produce Students will be exposed to manual
concentrates/supplements and computer formulation and
 Feed Production simple feed production procedures.
13  Visit to some Feed mills in the State and Students are expected to compare
writing and presentation of a term paper on the features and management
the visit procedures in various feed mills
visited with a viewing to increasing
their awareness about feed milling.
14  Economics and management of feed mill Economic management and safety
operations precaution are germane to feed
 Marketing and sales promotion in feed mill milling. Thus, students will be
industry exposed to various management
 Safety regulations pertaining to feed techniques needed by a Feed mill
manufacture. Manager vis-à-vis safety
precautions.
SECOND ASSESSMENT TEST
15 REVISION This is the week preceding the final
examination. At this time,
evaluation will be done to assess
how far the students’ expectations
for the course have been met.