Transition

Transition and
...
Inner

Transition elements:
mm
a block element
1) Also called as

and p block
betweens
2) located
series
3d, hd, 5d,6d
of
3) comprises
between to to its period
is placed

Configuration :
Sizetronic ~
man

Sizemonic Configuration:
general
series:[Ar]
3d onsh
36
1-10552
and series:
[K2]Hd, n 1
-

10652
5d
5d series
:

[XC]4F

6d series : [Rn] 5FM6dHOS "

 element
odation sale: Transition
state
shows variable oxidation

51x23

I
 listed below
*Refer
physical properties
From textbook

-> Atomic radius

-> Tonisation enthalpy

->Netallic characree

-> election gain enthalpy

Properties
⑧

magnetic 8

transition elements
The compound of
due to
exhibits properties
magnetic
electrons present
number ofunpaired
or ions.
in atoms

classified as

They
are

field
repelled against
Diamagnetic:
attracted
weakly
Paramaquetic: attracted
strongly
Ferromagnetic
 rise to
Each unpaired election
give
field.
small
magnetic
is
moment
The spin only magnetic
given by
u
xn
=
2)BM
+

where n n
=
of
unpaired electrons

BM:Bohus magneron
Color:Asubstance appears
m
of
ifitabsorbs portion
coloured the
color depends upon
The
light. absorbation of
visible
of
wavelength radiation
electromagnetic
of
region

~
 element relates
transition
of
The color

to the
transition
and
->

to metalion
-> naure ligands
of
Formed by
Complex
Geometry ofthe
->

meral ion
small arom
when a

Interestial compounds:
in
man
Carbon. Mitrogen
are trapped in

like hydrogen, within Crystal

the

a interestial spaces
Formed are called
lattica, the compounds

as interestial compands
 Alloys
1
Formation of
- -
and northerals
m
metals
minus of
are
Aroys
as
are
classified
Always
->
Ferrovs
Non-Ferors
->
 a block
Common
* Propeeties of
 Extraction of Metals
substance
Mineral Naturally occurring
is called
-

Found along
with
imposing
as mineral

which mesal can

②e: rineals from
propitably convienionly.
and
be extracted

soil,
like rock
impurities
argues physical called as
Gangue.
eye
collectively
Metallogy:Process by
-
which metals

can be extracted from their ones are

called
metallurgy.
as
 which
#metallogy: A in
process
one is reduced to metal at
high temp
like C, H etc
agent
using reducing
are called as pyrometallurgy.

#metallurgy The process of

extracting
metals from ageous solution oftheir salt

suitable
using reducing agent.

homenallgy: A
process in which

meral is exacted by electolytic

metallic
reduction ofmolten (Fused)
is called as electrometal.
compound

Principles ofMetallurgy
-
Concentration of ores
-
Conversion ofones Ovida
to

-
Reduction of oxide to metal
-

Refining
 Entraction Iron From Haralite
of are
....

Hamalite On:
FezOs+ SiOn+AlOz + Phosph

concentration: Hydraulic classifies

oxide
Conversion
m
to
Roasting
is method to convert sulfide
Roasting
a

the
by heating presence
in
one to osci do

of air.

deation by stace
 as zone ofCombustion

co
c +

ta -

20 -
2c 02
+

v) zone Reduction
of

Fe0z + 10 F0
-
+ CO2

F(0z +
c - Fe c0
+

is zone ofslay Formation

Cal0s -Ca0 + CO2

Ca0+ SiOn -> CaSiOs
Flrk slag
Note -

Inner transition elements

in which last electrons are

elements
F cebitals are called as R
filled up by
block elements.

block element
Properties of

similar to block
->
Properties are

added to F subshell
sections
->
are

(n -
2)F
and us
between child
->
placed
Electronic configuration

&
Oxidation
state
-m
oxidation stale: + 3
Most common
a
and one
5 sob shell
12. From
I subshell).
Brood or

and the are also

2
Beside these
stake.
possible oxidation
color and spectra

Lanthanoid contraction:
Along the series

decrease in atomic and ionic

is
there
called lanthanoid
radius. This is as

contraction