SWITCHGEAR AND PROTECTION- 3360901

CHAPTER – 2 : CIRCUIT INTERRUPTING DEVICES

STUDY MATERIAL

TOPIC : Fuse, Circuit Breaker, Isolator

PREPARED BY: MR. NISHANT D. MEHTA

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FUSE

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 REWIRABLE FUSE:

Base and Carrier of fuse is made up of “Porcelain”

Fuse element is made up of “Lead”, “Tinned copper”, “Aluminium” etc.
As per IS standard ratings of fuse are 6,16,32,63 and 100A

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Advantages:
1. Construction is simple
2. Cost is less
3. Can be replace easily
Disadvantages:
1. No accuracy in operation
2. There is effect of oxidation
3. Length and diameter affects the fuse
melting current

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 TOTALLY ENCLOSED FUSE:

Fuse element is placed in a totally enclosed container and is provided with metal contacts on both side.
It is further classified into two types…

1. D Type
2. Link Type

Link type fuse is further classified into…

1. Knife blade type

2. Bolted type

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D TYPE CARTRIDGE FUSE:
Contains Fuse base, Adapter ring,
Cartridge, and cap.

Cartridge is pushed into cap

Cap is screwed in the base

On screwing cartridge tip touches

base. Thus circuit between cap and
base is completed through
cartridge.

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 Cartridge of D type fuse

Purpose of Gauge
(Adapter) ring

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HRC FUSE:

Consist of Fuse body made up of glass or

ceramic.

It contains a fuse element made up of generally

pure silver or bimetal consist of silver and tin.

Purpose of bimetal is to limit the formation of

arc. [Melting temp. of Tin 240’C and Silver
980’C]

Surrounding of fuse element is filled with

quartz powder/silica sand.

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 Advantages:

1. Capability of clearing high value of

fault current
2. Fast operation
3. Non deterioration for long time
4. No maintenance needed
5. Consistence in performance
6. Cheaper than any other ckt
interrupting device
7. Inverse time current characteristics

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Knife blade type HRC fuse: Bolted type HRC fuse:

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DROP OUT FUSE

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 It is one kind of “Expulsion” Fuse. It contains a
long tube made up of synthetic resin bonded paper
in which the fuse element is placed.

Fuse element is connected to suitable fittings at

each end.

On occurrence of fault, the arc produced by fusing

the fuse element causes decomposition of the
inner coating of the arc tube resulting in formation
of gases which assist in arc extinction.

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 CHARACTERISTICS OF FUSE

Prospective current – Pre arcing time Cut off current characteristics

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 Time – current characteristics

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1. Discrimination between two fuses:

2. Discrimination during motor starting:

3. Discrimination between fuse and overcurrent protective device: Discrimination characteristics

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CIRCUIT BREAKER

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 OIL C.B

Working Principle

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 Oil CB
Types of Oil CB:

BOCB MOCB

Plain Arc
Break Controlled

Single Double Self Force

Break Break Blast Blast

Plain explosion Cross jet explosion Self compensated explosion

pot pot N.D.MEHTA pot
 BOCB:
Plain Break CB: [Single Break]

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Plain Break CB: [Double Break]

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BULK OIL C.B

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 Arc Controlled BOCB
1. Self Blast (Self Generated Pressure)

B. Cross Jet Explosion Pot

A. Plain Explosion Pot

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C. Self Compensated Explosion Pot

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A. Plain Explosion Pot (Contd…) B. Cross Jet Explosion Pot (Contd…)

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2. Forced Blast (External Generated Pressure)

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 MINIMUM OIL C.B

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TURBULATOR OR ARC EXTINCTION DEVICE

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 A.B.C.B [Air Blast CB]

Types of ABCB

(i) Axial Blast (ii) Cross Blast

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Axial Blast Air CB

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Cross Blast Air CB

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A.B.C.B With resistance switching unit

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Sulphur Hexafluoride CB (SF6 CB)

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Working action of Puffer type SF6 Breaker

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 Vacuum CB

1. Ceramic/glass insulating envelop

2. Metallic plates (For sealing ceramic insulator)
3. Fix contact
4. Moving contact
5. Metallic bellow
6. Metal vapour condensation shield
7. Contacts
8. Second shield to protect the bellow from condensing
vapour
9. Third shield (May Vary)

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N.D.MEHTA
1

1 Upper terminal 1 1 Stem / Terminal

2 2 Vacuum interrupter 2 2 Twist protection
3 Epoxy resin 3
3
3 Metal bellow
4
4 Stem 4 Interrupter lid
5
4
5 Lower terminal 5 Shield
6 Movable contact 6 6 Ceramic insulator
5
6 7 Contact force spring 7 7 Shield
8 Push rod 8
8 Contacts
7
9 Fixing point 9 9 Stem / Terminal
8
10 Connection to operating 10 10 Interrupter lid
9 mechanism
10

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ISOLATORS

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ISOLATORS

Isolator is a circuit interrupting device which can be used on No Load.

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 TYPES OF ISOLATORS

HORIZONTAL BREAK TYPE VERTICAL BREAK TYPE

TWO COLUMN THREE COLUMN NORAML PANTOGRAPH

CENTER BREAK CENTER BREAK VERTICAL TYPE TYPE

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 HORIZONTAL BREAK TYPE ISOLATOR

In two column isolator the two rotating bases are

mounted on a steel frame. The post insulators are
attached to the rotating bases and at the top
carry the swivel heads with their arms and high
voltage contacts.
When actuated, both arms turn through 90’
degrees. In the open position, it creates a
horizontal isolating distance.

In three column isolators the two outer

insulators are fixed to the base frame and carry
the contact system. The middle insulator stands
on a rotating base and supports the one piece
arm which when operated, turns through about
60’ and engages the contact systems on the
outer insulators.

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TWO COLUMN CENTER BREAK TYPE: THREE COLUMN CENTER BREAK TYPE:

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 VERTICAL BREAK TYPE ISOLATOR

Two column vertical centre break type isolator is used for high
voltages of 400KV and more. The two post insulator column
are mounted on frame. Gearbox are attached to them with
contact arm and high voltage terminal.
Here the rotary insulator will link the rotary bearings in the
frame to the top bearings in the gearboxes. Below the frame
the operating mechanism is provided, the force to the two
rotary bearings is transmitted by the tie-rod

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Construction of one pole of vertical break type isolator is shown. It contains two fixed post on which
the contact rod is supported. The contact can be close and open by means of middle post which is
movable.

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For installation of higher voltages and multiple bus-bar, the pantograph or
vertical reach type isolator is used. These requires less ground area than
other kinds of isolators.

On the frame, the post insulator carry head piece, pantograph and
gearbox. The actuating force is transmitted to the gearbox by a rotating
insulator.

The suspended contact is mounted on the bus bar situated above the
isolator. On closing it gripped between the pantograph arms. The feeder
line is connected to the high voltage terminals on the gearbox.

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