1.

Background of the Study:

 Purpose: Provide a comprehensive overview of the context in which your research is
situated. Establish the historical and theoretical foundations that lead to the
formulation of your research problem.
 Writing Guidelines:
 Introduce the general field of study.
 Progressively narrow down to the specific topic of your research.
 Discuss key historical events, relevant literature, and notable developments in
the field.
 Emphasize any gaps, controversies, or unanswered questions in the existing
knowledge.
 Note: Ensure that all citations follow the APA 7th Edition format.

2. Statement of the Problem:

 Purpose: Clearly articulate the problem your research seeks to address. Establish the
significance of the issue and why it needs attention.
 Writing Guidelines:
 Clearly state the problem, avoiding ambiguity.
 Utilize the SMART criteria (Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Result-oriented,
Time-bound) when formulating specific questions to guide your investigation.
 Provide evidence or data indicating the existence of the problem.
 Demonstrate the relevance of the problem to the field and its potential impact.
 Be concise, direct, and specific in formulating the problem statement.

3. Hypothesis:
 Purpose: Formulate a clear and testable statement predicting the expected outcomes of
your research.
 Writing Guidelines:
 State the null hypothesis and the alternative hypothesis.
 Ensure that the hypotheses are specific, measurable, and aligned with the
research problem.
 Use clear and straightforward language.
 Justify the formulation of the hypotheses based on existing literature or
preliminary observations.

4. Conceptual and Theoretical Framework:

 Purpose: Establish a theoretical foundation that informs the conceptual framework,
providing a lens through which to interpret your research.
 Writing Guidelines:
 Clearly define key concepts and variables.
 Integrate relevant theories that support your research.
 Explain the relationships between variables and how they are expected to
interact.
 Show how the conceptual framework aligns with your research objectives and
questions.
 5. Significance of the Study:
 Purpose: Articulate the importance of your research and its potential contributions to
the academic, practical, or policy-oriented aspects of the field.
 Writing Guidelines:
 Clearly state the specific contributions your research aims to make.
 Identify the beneficiaries of the study, such as academic researchers,
policymakers, practitioners, or specific communities.
 Explain how the study may benefit these identified beneficiaries.
 Discuss the academic, social, or practical implications of your study.
 Justify why your research is relevant and timely.
 Provide evidence or examples of how the outcomes of your research may
positively impact stakeholders or existing knowledge.

6. Scope and Delimitations:

 Purpose: Define the boundaries of your study, outlining what is included and excluded.
 Writing Guidelines:
 Clearly state the geographic, temporal, and demographic scope of your study.
 Identify any limitations or constraints that might affect the interpretation of
your findings.
 Justify your choices and explain how they contribute to the precision and focus
of your research.

7. Definition of Terms:
 Purpose: Clarify the meanings of key terms used in your study to avoid
misunderstandings.
 Writing Guidelines:
 Define each key term both conceptually (theoretical or abstract definition) and
operationally (how the term will be measured or applied in the study).
 Ensure that conceptual definitions align with the theoretical framework and
literature.
 Provide specific examples or scenarios to illustrate the operational definition of
each term.
 Consider including a glossary for quick reference.
Example:
 Term: Academic Performance
 Conceptual Definition: Academic performance refers to the overall achievement and
proficiency of a student in various academic subjects, reflecting their understanding,
mastery, and application of knowledge.
 Operational Definition: In this study, academic performance will be measured using the
cumulative grade point average (GPA) obtained from the official transcripts of the
participants at the end of each academic semester. Higher GPA scores will indicate
better academic performance.