Bio Medical Waste Management in KP

Bio-Medical Waste Management in South Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Public

Hospitals Pakistan
Mujahid Hussain1, Muhammad Amin Khan1, Muhammad Abuzar2, Muhammad Abuzar4, and
Sameen Abbas3*
1
PIDE School of Economics, Institute of Development Economics (PIDE), Islamabad, Pakistan,
2
IMSciences, Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar, Pakistan
3
Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan

Abstract: Must be self-explanatory, stating the rationale, objective(s), methodology, main results, and conclusions of the
study. Abbreviations, if used, must be defined on the first mention in the Abstract as well as in the main text. Abstract of
review articles may have a variable format. (250 words)

Keywords: Posuere, Pulvinar Exposure, Vivamus Enzyme, Pellentesque

1. INTRODUCTION materials lead to a large amount of chlorine containing

From the day one till today, waste is associated
with humans and it will continue to generate and rise
till this world perishes. People have to manage the
produced waste. Peoples usually dispose their waste in
the surroundings instead of disposing it to any landfill
site. To make this planet safe for future generations we
should dispose the waste properly. Waste such as
biomedical, institutional, household etc. is being
produced in result of human activities as there are no
proper regulations for waste disposal. To manage
increased number of waste piles is becoming very
difficult. Environment is being contaminated for
example water, land and air pollution which is a serious
threat to environment and public health leading to any
diseases. Direct health impacts of mismanagement of
waste, well known and can be observed obviously in
developing countries as the don’t have effective
measures to cope with such effects. Efficient waste
management techniques will help to decrease the
prejudicious effects of disposal of waste. This will also
lead to the betterment of the environment and residents
as well. Our hospitals, producing 297 kilograms of
biomedical waste on the daily basis. According to
Agarwal, 1998 in Pakistan About 20% of hospital
waste is found to be potentially hazardous.
plastics etc. Situation of biomedical waste producing in
a country like Pakistan is relentless. Although the rules,
defined for the hospitals to follow for the dumping or
disposal of waste but still the government hospitals, not
taking it seriously and the dump the wastes openly
along with other wastes so it could be collected along
with municipal waste.
Bio-medical waste (BMW) means any solid and/or
liquid waste including its container and any
intermediate product, which is generated during the
diagnosis, treatment or immunization of human beings
or animals or in research pertaining thereto or in the
production or testing thereof.
Due to the increase in the procedures that, carried out at
the various health c, setups, excessive amounts of waste
have been generated at the centers.
District Shangla is a district in Malakand Division of
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province in Pakistan. The district
headquarters, located at Alpuri. It was previously a
subdivision of Swat District, but was upgraded to the
status of a district on July 10, 1995.

Hospital waste being produced is almost 4 times of

municipal waste. Pre-packaged non-recyclable

* Corresponding Author: Sameen Abbas; <sameenabbas@bs.qau.edu.pk>

 Hussain et al

Globally, millions of tons of municipal solid waste are
generated every day. Urban waste management is
drawing increasing attention, as it can easily be
observed that too much garbage is lying uncollected in
the streets, causing inconvenience, environmental
pollution, and posing a public health risk
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the east, District Swat in the west, District Kohistan in adipiscing elit. Maecenas porttitor congue massa. Fusce
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1.1.1 Subsection Heading(Level 3 Heading, Bold, Italic,)
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netus commode. Cum Pellentesque habitant morbi
tristique senectus et netus
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quis dolor a felis congue vehicula. Maecenas pede
purus, tristique ac, tempus eget, egestas quis, mauris.
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Fig. 1. Picture description (Normal text, sentence case, align left)

2. MATERIALS AND METHODS
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nulla. Donec blandit feugiat ligula [6]. Donec hendrerit, 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
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consequat consequat. Etiam eget dui. Aliquam erat
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volutpat. Sed at lorem in nunc porta tristique.
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Proin nec augue. Quisque aliquam tempor magna. elit [7]. Maecenas porttitor congue massa. Fusce
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 Short Running title

Fig. 2. Picture description (Normal text, sentence case, align left)

Table 1. Applications of accident analysis techniques in different industries (Normal text, sentence case, align left)

S. No Methods Applications References

1 FMEA Space industry, Chemical industry, Thermal plant, Paper mill ,Nuclear [2, 19-22]

2 FMECA Aerospace industry, Railway industry, Aviation industry, Food industry [3, 23-25]

3 FMEA Space industry, Chemical industry, Thermal plant, Paper mill ,Nuclear [2, 19-22]

4 FMECA Aerospace industry, Railway industry, Aviation industry, Food industry [3, 23-25]

5 FMECA Aerospace industry, Railway industry, Aviation industry, Food industry [3, 23-25]

4. CONCLUSION congue massa. Fusce posuere, magna sed pulvinar ultricies,

purus lectus.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing
elit. Maecenas porttitor congue massa. Fusce posuere, 6. CONFLICT OF INTEREST
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Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing Maecenas porttitor congue massa.
elit. Maecenas porttitor congue massa. Fusce posuere,
First & Middle name’s Initial only; Last
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name should be written in full. For
5. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Example: I. Iqrar, and W.A. Khan
(Irum Iqrar, Waris Ali Khan)
7. REFERENCES
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