LESSON NOTE FOR FIRST TERM, WEEK FIVE

WEEK: 5
DATE: 3rd -5th October, 2023
SUBJECT: ICT
CLASS: SS1
TOPIC: COMPUTING DEVICE (PRE-COMPUTER TO 19TH CENTURY)
PERIOD: 1 and 2
DURATION: 80 Minutes
REFERENCE MATERIAL: Basic Computer Studies/ICT WITH CODING SS1 by Akinfoyewa
Adeniyi
INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL(S): Abacus and video on early computing device
PREVIOUS KNOWLEDGE: The teacher revises the exam for the last term
BEHAVIOURAL OBJECTIVES: at the end of the lesson, the students should be able to;
i. To know the inventions of Jacquard’s Loom.
ii. Early methods of computing
iii. The devices used in the 19th century
CONTENT
JACQUARD’S LOOM
In 1801 the Frenchman, Joseph Marie Jacquard invented a power loom that could be
designed on a fabric upon a pattern automatically read from punched cards, held together
in a long row by rope. Jacquard’s technology was a real boon to mill owners. Jacquard’s
loom was one of the first machines that were run by a program. Joseph Jacquard changed
the weaving industry by creating a loom that controlled the raising of the threads through
punched cards. Jacquard’s loom used lines of holes on a card to represent the weaving
pattern.
PUNCHED CARD
During the years between 1920 and 1930, the punched card system developed steadily. A
standard card was divided into 80 columns and 12 rows. Only one character could be
represented in the 80 columns, thus providing a maximum of 80 characters per card.
Punching one, two or three holes in any one column represented a character. Holes were
punched into a blank card by a punch machine whose keyboard resembled that of a
typewriter.
CHARLES BABBAGE
By 1822 the English mathematician Charles Babbage was proposing a steam-driven
calculating machine of the size of a room, which he called the Difference Engine. This
machine would be able to compute tables of numbers, such as logarithm tables but the
device was never finished.
ANALYTICAL ENGINE
In 1833, Babbage designed a machine called an “Analytical Engine”. This device is as large
as a house, powered by 6 steam engines, more general purpose in nature, and
programmable due to the punched card technology of Jacquard. Through the connection to
the Jacquard loom, Babbage called the two main parts of his Analytical Engine the “Store”
and the “Mill”, as both terms are used in the weaving industry. The store was where
numbers were held and the Mill was where they were “woven” into new results. In a
modern computer, these same parts are called the memory unit and the Central
Processing Unit (CPU).
PRESENTATION STEPS: The teacher revises the examination question for the first term before
introducing the new topic.
STEP I: the students reverse the topic of the last class
STEP II: a new topic is introduced and explained to the students
STEP III: the students ask the questions while he gives answers to all
SUMMARY: The teacher quickly recaps all the lessons taught
EVALUATION: the teacher asks the students the following questions;
i. What computing device is.
ii. Early methods of computing
iii. The devices used in the 19th century

SECOND CONTACT
CLASS: SS1
TOPIC: COMPUTING DEVICE II
PERIOD: 3
DURATION: 40 Minutes
CONTENT
HOLLERITH CENSUS MACHINE
This is also known as the Hollerith desk, consisting of a card reader that senses the holes
in the cards, a gear-driven mechanism that could count, and a large wall of dial indicators
(a car speedometer is a dial indicator) to display the count results. The patterns of
Jacquard’s cards were determined when a tapestry was designed and then were not
changed. Today, we could call this a read-only form of information storage. Hollerith had
the insight to convert what is today called a read/write technology.
Hollerith’s technique was successful and the 1890 census was completed in only 3 years
rather than 7 years saving 5 million dollars. Incidentally, the Hollerith census machine was
the first machine to ever be featured on a magazine cover.
BURROUGH’S MACHINE
In 1885, William Seward Burroughs from the American Arithmometer Company invented
this mechanical adding machine. The early Burroughs models were large machines
characterized by having glass panels on the sides, so the mechanism could be seen. Due to
constant development in mechanical calculators through to the 1960s, Burroughs
converted to electronic desk calculators and in the mid to late 1970s, their products
dropped from the market.
Common components of the Burroughs machine are:
Keypads: these are used for inputting numbers into the machine.
Lever: when the lever is pulled and released on the side of the machine, it causes the
machine to add an entry to a running total and print the total.
Register: this is usually found behind the glass front of the machine; it is where an
operator reads the running total of their calculation (s).
Printer: found at the rear of the machine with a carriage also on the rear, the operator will
have to lift the carriage to see what is printed. Burroughs machines were “blind” printers.
They were used for scientific, engineering, and other calculations requiring multiplication
and division of long numbers. There were limitations in the calculations especially in the
areas where many large tables such as logarithms, trigonometric applications, etc. were
involved.
ASSIGNMENT: explain the first three computing devices used in the 19th century
HOD/VP ACAD SIGNATURE: