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FOUNDATIONS OF EDUCATION

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FOUNDATIONS
OF EDUCATION
ABRAR HUSSAIN
M.PHIL. BIOCHEMISTRY
B.ED. M.ED. (SCI EDU.)
 2
2012 Metric (Science)

FSc. (pre-
Research
2014
medical) experience
2015 Hafiz-e- Quran
Master (M.Sc.)
B.Sc. (Biological research
2017
science) •Virtual screening and
molecular docking of
approved drugs against
CT (Certified factor Xa.
2017
teacher)

2019 MSc.(Chemistry)
ABRAR B.Ed. Research
•Children-elder relation

HUSSAIN
should be priority during
Covid-19
2021 M.A (Islamyat)

B.Ed. (Science
2022
edu)
M.Phil. Research
•Molecular assessment and
M.Phil.
2023 probiotic validation of
(Biochemistry) selected enterococcal
strains as probiotics
M.Ed.
2023
(Continued)
 3
Objectives

explain the
specify the evaluate
important appreciate
role of the issues
features of the role of
educational and
foundations different
thinker in problems of
of foundations
education education
education
 Education 4

Education is both the act of teaching knowledge to others and the act of receiving
knowledge from someone else.

Education refers to the knowledge received through schooling or instruction and to the
institution of teaching as a whole.

It is the act or process of imparting or acquiring general knowledge, developing the

powers of reasoning and judgment, and generally of preparing oneself or others
intellectually for mature life.

the act or process of imparting or acquiring particular knowledge or skills, as for a

profession.

education, discipline that is concerned with methods of teaching and learning in schools
or school-like environments.

Education is the wise, hopeful and respectful cultivation of learning and change
undertaken in the belief that we all should have the chance to share in life.
 5
•Education refers to the discipline that is
concerned with methods of teaching and
learning in schools or school-like environments,
Education as opposed to various nonformal and informal
means of socialization.

• Knowledge is the facts and

information that you can recall
Knowledge or use. Knowledge is a form
of awareness or familiarity.

• Any communication or
representation of knowledge such
Information as facts, data, or opinions in any
medium or form, including textual,
numerical, graphic, cartographic,
narrative, or audiovisual.
 The motives and factors Those fundamental factors, 6
which are considered during which influence the structure
and organization of various
the construction and elements of education e.g.
organization of various objectives, curriculum, teaching
elements of education. methods and evaluation.

Those aspects of individual

Field of educational study
and collective life which are
that derives its character and
taken into account while
methods from a number of
constructing a system
academic disciplines.
of education for a nation.
Foundations
of Education
 Islamic
Foundation 7

Psychological
Foundation

Foundations of
Philosophical

Education
Foundation
Economical
Foundation
Ideological
Foundation
Social
Foundation
 ISLAMIC FOUNDATIION OF EDUCATION 8

Holy Quran
• The word Quran literally means reading or recitation.
• Islamic education aims to discovering and formulating Allah’s will.
• Quran indicated basic principles that lead a Muslim to observation
of the universe and Nature, where he can find the answers to many
question by his own efforts.
• Quran is not a book of science or any other particular field of
knowledge but it deals, mainly with basic principals of human life.
• Quranic concept of education is that it explicitly teaches its readers
principles in each and every sphere of life so that its followers have
complete knowledge about their pattern of life.
• Quran being a complete code of life says “We have sent down to
you the book, as an explanation for everything.”
 9
Hadith The Companions who narrated
the most hadiths
• Quran says ‘obey Allah and obey the Messenger’. Thus, Hadith
offers best explanation or interpretation to Quran.
• Thus, the Quran declared the Prophet (PBUH) to be the interpreter
of Quranic texts.
• A Hadith is a statement of the Prophet (PBUH).
• The foundations laid by Hadith and Sunnah for Islamic education is
that children should not only be taught theoretically but there should
be a practical guidance for them to adapt in practical life.
• There are hundreds of Hadith which emphasize on necessity and
supreme value of gaining knowledge. Some of them are the
following:
• The ink of the scholar is more holy than the blood of the martyr.
• He who leaves home in search of knowledge walks in the path
of Allah.
• The acquisition of knowledge is a duty obligatory on every
Muslim male or female.
• Seek after knowledge even though it may in China.
• A word of wisdom is like the lost treasure of a believer who has
got the best right to secure it wherever he might have found it.
10
 11
• Means comparing one thing
with another similar thing.
• Used to solve modern
problems by finding
something similar in the
Qur'an / Hadith.
• Muslim jurists expanded legal
principles.
• Qiyas widely discussed as
Muslims seek to find answers
of different new problems.
• The linguistic meaning of
Qiyas is measurement.
• As a juristic term Qiyas is the
extension of a Sharia ruling
from an original case to a
new case because of the
equivalence of the causes
underlying them
 12

Philosophical
Foundations
of Education
13

Idealism
• Idealism is a school of
philosophy that
emphasizes that “ideas or
concepts are the essence
of all that is worth
knowing”.
• this school of philosophy
encourages conscious
reasoning in the mind.
• idealists look for, and
value, universal or
absolute truths and ideas.
• idealists believe that
ideas should remain
constant throughout the
centuries.
• It focus is on ideas rather
than the student or
specific content areas.
14
Naturalism Progressivism Essentialism
Realism
• Essentialism followers
• Realism is a philosophy • Naturalism is a concept • Progressivism is a theory
believe that students should
assuming that there is a that firmly believes that of education that is
learn traditional basic
real external world that ultimate reality lies in concerned with “learning
subjects thoroughly.
can be recognized. the nature of the matter. by doing “that children
learn best when pursuing • For essentialists, education
• Knowledge acquired • Nature is the source of their own interests and involves the learning of
through senses only is all knowledge. basic skills, arts and
satisfying their own
real. Objects are • Material world is the needs. science.
characterized by their real world. • After the learning of these
properties, such as: Size, • Strong emphasis on
• Scientific knowledge is problem solving and skills and subjects students
Weight, Color, Shape final. critical thinking can function as a member
• Man will discover • Values are created in of civilized society.
reality with the use of • Group work and
terms of specific needs. development of social • Essentialists argue that
science and common • In the nature order all skills classrooms should be
sense through education human being are equal. teacher-oriented.
or learning. • Collaborative and
• Man creates societies to cooperative learning • The teacher should serve as
• Reality can be proved meet some of his needs. an intellectual and moral
projects
by observation, role model for the students.
experience, experiment • Education for social
and scientific reasoning. responsibility and
democracy
 15

Psychological
Foundation
 16
Educational psychology
 Educational psychology is the study of how humans learn and retain knowledge, primarily in educational
settings like classrooms.
 Educational psychology is a form of knowledge that relates to the application of the principles and
explanations of psychology to educational theory and practice.
 Areas of focus include teaching, testing and assessment methods, psychometrics, classroom or learning
environments, and learning, social, and behavioral problems that may impede learning, technology in learning.
 It focus on the creative process, and the motivational forces that influence dynamics between students and
teachers.
 Its birth has given rise to a discipline between psychology and education.
 There’s no coincidence between the different specialisms regarding whether it’s basic or applied knowledge.
 The variety of models on which it’s been based in the building of its knowledge.
 The educational psychologist studies the cognitive development of students.
 17

• Cognitive psychology understands knowledge

• Behaviorism defines learning as observable behavioral acquisition schematically and symbolically.
change that occurs in response to environmental stimuli.
• It posits learning as the process of changing a learner's
• Positive stimuli — or "rewards" — create positive mental model or schematic understanding of
associations between the reward and a given behavior; knowledge.
these associations prompt one to repeat that behavior.
• Cognitivism emphasizes the importance of an expert in
• negative stimuli — or "punishments" — discourage the transmitting accurate information.
behaviors associated with those stimuli.
• It sees a learner's success or failure in absorbing this
• Behaviorism relies on the prediction or analysis of information as largely dependent upon the learner's
behavior based on causal stimuli, while education uses mental capacity, motivation, beliefs, and effort.
the process of positive and negative reinforcement to
encourage or discourage behaviors.

• experientialism argues that one person cannot effectively impart

• This suggests that learners create their own subjective knowledge directly to another person; people must learn for
information by interpreting their words and restructuring their themselves.
thinking.
• four stages in this learning process: experiencing, absorbing and
• Constructivist theories take a learner-centered approach, in reflecting on experience, conceptualizing experience, and testing
which the teacher serves as a guide — rather than the source of concepts in other situations.
— the student's learning.
• A teacher can facilitate the learning process by engaging
• Constructivists agree that learners create knowledge rather than students through an experience, but they cannot control exactly
passively receiving it, and that preexisting knowledge plays a what students learn from that experience.
crucial role in their learning.
• Experientialists argue that learners become less flexible and
receptive when they are afraid.
 18

Social foundation
of Education
 Social Foundations of Education 19

 Social Foundations inquiry helps to sharpen students’ capacities to

understand, analyze, and explain educational issues, policies, and practices in
order to improve education.
 Its purpose to study that how these humanities and social science disciplines
is used to develop students’ interpretive, normative, and critical perspectives
on education, both inside and outside of schools.
 The development of such perspectives helps educators to “exercise sensitive
judgments amidst competing cultural and education values and beliefs” .
 This foundation challenge students to think deeply about the relationships
between education (formal and informal) and society(ies) at large.
 Social Foundations encourages educators to use “critical judgment to question
educational assumptions and arrangements and to identify contradictions and
inconsistencies among social and educational values, policies, and practices.
 A field in education that focuses on the history, philosophy, and sociology of
education.
 Importance of social foundation
The educator has acquired a
knowledge base of resources,
theories, distinctions, and analytic
techniques developed within the
humanities, the social sciences, and
the foundations of education.
The educator understands
and can apply critical
perspectives on education
and schooling.
The educator understands the
significance of diversity in a
democratic society and how that
bears on instruction, school
leadership, and governance.
20
The educator understands
and can apply normative
perspectives on education
and schooling.
The educator understands how moral
principles related to democratic
institutions can inform and direct
schooling practice, leadership, and
governance.
The educator understands how
philosophical and moral
commitments affect the process of
evaluation at all levels of schooling
practice, leadership, and
governance.
 21

Economics
Foundation of
Education

Economic foundation of
education
• It refers to those factors of individual and
collective economic development which are
considered during the formulation of a system of
education for a nation.
• Education paves the way to the fulfillment of the
economic needs of the individual and society. This
close relationship between education and economic
needs has been acknowledged by the leading
educational economists of the world.
• Research in education has brought about many new
theories of economic development. These theories
have opened new vistas of economic growth.
• Education uplifts the standard of living of the
individuals.
• Economic prosperity leads to the social stability.
All these changes are the product of education. A
financially satisfied person performs his social role
effectively and efficiently.
22
• Education economics or the
economics of education is the study of
economic issues relating to education.
• including the demand for education,
the financing and provision of
education, and the comparative
efficiency of various educational
programs and policies.
• From early works on the relationship
between schooling and labor market
outcomes for individuals, the field of
the economics of education has grown
rapidly to cover virtually all areas with
linkages to education.
Scope of
economic
 23

• A struggle for the fulfillment of material needs of the

individuals is the fundamental subject of economics.
• Education develops the potentials and abilities of the
individuals for the fulfillment of these needs.
• There is a strong positive relationship between the
ECONOMIC economic conditions and education.
• Education trains the individuals of the society and.
CONDITIONS prepares them participate in the economic-oriented
AND activities in the society.
• This training provides necessary skillful manpower.
EDUCATION • A trained and skillful society is, basically a economically
stable society. Thus, economic stability had deep
concerns with the educated society.
• A financially satisfied person performs his social role
effectively and efficiently. This financial satisfaction
brings about social agreeableness.
 24

Political
Foundation
Of
Education
POLITICS AND EDUCATION
25
• Education has the power to change all together the political system of a
country who revolutionized through either evolution or revolution.
• Politicians when come into government take major decisions in and
about the system of education.
• They decide what type of education should be given, to whom it should
be given, how it should be given. How much to be invested in education,
what type of policies and plans should be developed for improving the
system of education.
• Education produce educated and civilized citizens in a society.
• Citizens are aware of their rights and responsibilities, well groomed
citizens prefer national interest over their individual interest.
• They critically analyze the social and political system of the country and
take active part in reforming and restructuring the society.
• They change or bring new government in a country with a power of vote.
• They have also the power and courage to make accountable their leaders
for their deeds and actions.
 26

Ideological
Foundation
of
Education
 27
• The word “Ideology” literally “Science of Ideas is defined as a closely
organized system of beliefs, values, and ideas forming the basis of a
social, economic, educational or political philosophy or programed.
• The adoption of an ideology is as necessary for a society as food for
living beings.
• The survival of a society with distinction among the nations of the
world totally depends on the ideology of that society. If a society has no
ideology it cannot survive as a distinct nation.
• The ideology of a nation or society greatly affects almost all aspects of
the life of those who comprise that society or nation.
• Education is also affected by the ideology of the nation.
• Ideological foundations of education help in framing the aim and
methods of teachers training.
• They also help in the selection of purposeful and reasonable content for
learners. They also facilitate comparison with the world contemporary
ideologies.
• The adoption of an ideology is as necessary for a society as food for
livingbeings. The survival of a society with distinction among the
nations of theworld totally depends on the ideology of that society.
• If a society has no ideology it cannot survive as a distinct nation.
• The ideology of a nation or society greatly affects almost all aspects of
the life of those who comprise that society or nation.
 28

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