Ennino 31403031 - Spec - 2023-02 - A00 Pipeline External Coatings

DEP SPECIFICATION
PIPELINE EXTERNAL COATINGS

(AMENDMENTS/SUPPLEMENTS TO ISO 21809-1:2018 AND
Copyright Shell Group of Companies. No reproduction or networking permitted without license from Shell. Not for resale
ISO 21809-2:2014)
DEP 31.40.30.31-Gen.
February 2023
DESIGN AND ENGINEERING PRACTICE
© 2023 Shell Group of companies
All rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, published or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior
written permission of the copyright owner or Shell Global Solutions International BV.
This document has been supplied under license by Shell to:

Shell Franklin.Ukaoha@shell.com 31/08/2023 15:03:40
DEP 31.40.30.31-Gen.
February 2023
Page 2
PREFACE
DEP (Design and Engineering Practice) publications reflect the views, at the time of publication, of Shell Global Solutions
International B.V. (Shell GSI) and, in some cases, of other Shell Companies.
These views are based on the experience acquired during involvement with the design, construction, operation and
maintenance of processing units and facilities. Where deemed appropriate DEPs are based on, or reference international,
regional, national and industry standards.
The objective is to set the standard for good design and engineering practice to be applied by Shell companies in oil and
gas production, oil refining, gas handling, gasification, chemical processing, or any other such facility, and thereby to help
achieve maximum technical and economic benefit from standardization.
The information set forth in these publications is provided to Shell companies for their consideration and decision to
implement. This is of particular importance where DEPs may not cover every requirement or diversity of condition at each
locality. The system of DEPs is expected to be sufficiently flexible to allow individual Operating Units to adapt the information
set forth in DEPs to their own environment and requirements.
When Contractors or Manufacturers/Suppliers use DEPs, they shall be solely responsible for such use, including the quality
of their work and the attainment of the required design and engineering standards. In particular, for those requirements not
specifically covered, the Principal will typically expect them to follow those design and engineering practices that will achieve
at least the same level of integrity as reflected in the DEPs. If in doubt, the Contractor or Manufacturer/Supplier shall, without
detracting from his own responsibility, consult the Principal.
The right to obtain and to use DEPs is restricted, and is typically granted by Shell GSI (and in some cases by other Shell
Companies) under a Service Agreement or a License Agreement. This right is granted primarily to Shell companies and
other companies receiving technical advice and services from Shell GSI or another Shell Company. Consequently, three
categories of users of DEPs can be distinguished:
1) Operating Units having a Service Agreement with Shell GSI or another Shell Company. The use of DEPs by these
Operating Units is subject in all respects to the terms and conditions of the relevant Service Agreement.
2) Other parties who are authorised to use DEPs subject to appropriate contractual arrangements (whether as part of a
Service Agreement or otherwise).
3) Contractors/subcontractors and Manufacturers/Suppliers under a contract with users referred to under 1) or 2) which
requires that tenders for projects, materials supplied or - generally - work performed on behalf of the said users comply
with the relevant standards.
Subject to any particular terms and conditions as may be set forth in specific agreements with users, Shell GSI disclaims
any liability of whatsoever nature for any damage (including injury or death) suffered by any company or person whomsoever
as a result of or in connection with the use, application or implementation of any DEP, combination of DEPs or any part
thereof, even if it is wholly or partly caused by negligence on the part of Shell GSI or other Shell Company. The benefit of
this disclaimer shall inure in all respects to Shell GSI and/or any Shell Company, or companies affiliated to these companies,
that may issue DEPs or advise or require the use of DEPs.
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without the prior written consent of Shell GSI, be disclosed by users to any company or person whomsoever and the DEPs
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time require information satisfactory to them in order to ascertain how users implement this requirement.
All administrative queries should be directed to the DEP Administrator in Shell GSI.

DEP 31.40.30.31-Gen.
February 2023
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART I. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................... 4
1.1 SCOPE ......................................................................................................... 4
1.2 DISTRIBUTION, INTENDED USE AND REGULATORY
CONSIDERATIONS ...................................................................................... 5
1.3 DEFINITIONS................................................................................................ 5
1.4 CROSS-REFERENCES ................................................................................ 6
1.5 SUMMARY OF MAIN CHANGES .................................................................. 7
1.6 COMMENTS ON THIS DEP .......................................................................... 7
1.7 DUAL UNITS ................................................................................................. 8
1.8 NON NORMATIVE TEXT (COMMENTARY) .................................................. 8
PART II. GENERAL ..................................................................................................... 9
1. APPLICABILITY OF THIS DEP...................................................................... 9
2. DOCUMENT HIERARCHY ............................................................................ 9
3. SAFETY ........................................................................................................ 9
4. PRE-JOB MEETING .................................................................................... 10
5. TRACEABILITY OF PIPES AND COATING ................................................. 10
6. TRANSPORT OF COATED PIPE ................................................................ 10
PART III. AMENDMENTS/SUPPLEMENTS TO ISO 21809-1:2018 ............................. 11
6. Information supplied by the purchaser ......................................................... 11
7. Coating classification ................................................................................... 12
8. Qualification processes................................................................................ 13
9. Coating material qualification ....................................................................... 13
10. Coating system qualification ........................................................................ 14
11. Application of the coating system ................................................................. 16
12. Inspection and testing .................................................................................. 18
15. Handling and storage in applicator facilities.................................................. 18
Annex B. (normative) - Holiday detection test ......................................................... 19
Annex H. (normative) - Cathodic disbondment test ................................................. 19
Annex L. (normative) - Hot water immersion test..................................................... 20
PART IV. AMENDMENTS/SUPPLEMENTS TO ISO 21809-2:2014 ............................. 21
1. Scope .......................................................................................................... 21
4. Symbols and abbreviated terms................................................................... 21
6. Information supplied by the purchaser ......................................................... 21
7. Coating materials......................................................................................... 21
8. Coating qualification .................................................................................... 22
9. Application of coating................................................................................... 26
10. Inspection and testing .................................................................................. 28
Annex A.(normative) - Test methods ......................................................................................... 28
PART V. REFERENCES ............................................................................................ 31

DEP 31.40.30.31-Gen.
February 2023
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PART I. INTRODUCTION
1.1 SCOPE
This DEP specifies requirements and gives recommendations for factory applied external
polyethylene, polypropylene, single layer and dual layer fusion bonded epoxy coating
systems applied for corrosion and abrasion protection of steel pipes, bends and fittings of
buried or submerged pipelines.
The DEP is applicable to coating applied on line pipe by one of the following coating
processes:
o powder spraying;
o sleeve or cross-head extrusion;
o side extrusion.
Part III of this DEP amends, supplements and deletes various clauses of
ISO 21809-1:2018,Petroleum and natural gas industries — External coatings for buried or
submerged pipelines used in pipeline transportation systems — Part 1: Polyolefin coatings
(3-layer PE and 3-layer PP). This part of the DEP covers Polyolefin coating systems
(3-layer Polyethylene and 3-Layer Polypropylene) and is to be used for corrosion protection
of onshore buried and offshore submerged pipelines for the design life up to 25 years or
more.
Part IV of this DEP amends, supplements and deletes various clauses of
ISO 21809-2:2014, Petroleum and natural gas industries — External coatings for buried or
submerged pipelines used in pipeline transportation systems — Part 2: Single layer
fusion-bonded epoxy coatings. Shell extends the applicability of ISO 21809-2:2014 to cover
Dual Layer FBE coating systems in addition to the Single Layer Fusion bonded epoxy
(1-FBE) coating that was originally written for. As a result, Part IV of this DEP covers Single
Layer Fusion bonded epoxy (1-FBE) and Dual Layer FBE coating systems for corrosion
protection of buried onshore and submerged offshore pipelines for the design life up to
25 years.
Part III and Part IV follow the clause numbering of ISO 21809-1 and ISO 21809-2
respectively for easy reference.
All clauses of ISO 21809-1 and ISO 21809-2 not modified by this DEP remain valid as
written.
DEPs are intended for use in oil and gas exploration, production and transport, oil refining,
chemical processing, supply and distribution. This DEP also can be applied in other similar
facilities including non-hydrocarbon energy applications.
This is a revision of the DEP of the same number dated February 2021; see (Part I, 1.5)
regarding the changes.

DEP 31.40.30.31-Gen.
February 2023
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1.2 DISTRIBUTION, INTENDED USE AND REGULATORY CONSIDERATIONS

Unless otherwise authorised by Shell GSI, the distribution of this DEP is confined to Shell
companies and, where necessary, to Contractors and Manufacturers/Suppliers nominated
by them. Any authorised access to DEPs does not for that reason constitute an
authorisation to any documents, data or information to which the DEPs refer.
When DEPs are applied, a Management of Change (MOC) process is necessary. MOC is
of particular importance when modifying existing facilities.
If national or local regulations exist in which some of the requirements could be more
stringent than in this DEP, the Contractor shall determine which of the requirements are the
more stringent and which combination of requirements will be acceptable with regards to
the safety, environmental, economic and legal aspects. In all cases, the Contractor shall
inform the Principal of any deviation from the requirements of this DEP which is considered
to be necessary in order to comply with national or local regulations. The Principal can then
negotiate with the Authorities concerned, the objective being to obtain agreement to follow
this DEP as closely as possible.
1.3 DEFINITIONS
1.3.1 General definitions
The Contractor is the party that carries out all or part of the design, engineering,
procurement, construction, commissioning or management of a project or operation of a
facility. The Principal may undertake all or part of the duties of the Contractor.
The Manufacturer/Supplier is the party that manufactures or supplies equipment and
services to perform the duties specified by the Contractor.
The Principal is the party that initiates the project and ultimately pays for it. The Principal
may also include an agent or consultant authorised to act for, and on behalf of, the
Principal.
In ISO 21809-1:2018 and ISO 21809-2:2014, the term Purchaser is used. In this DEP, the
term Purchaser shall be understood to mean the Principal.
The word shall indicates a requirement.
The word should indicates a recommendation.
The word may indicates a permitted option.
1.3.2 Specific definitions
The following definitions are specific to this DEP.
Term Definition
Adhesive An intermediate coating layer that improves adhesion between the

primer and the coating (three layer system) or between the steel and
the coating (two layer system).
Applicator The party or organisation that applies the coating.
Batch The amount of materials produced within one uninterrupted

production run of maximum 12 hours under constant production
conditions.
Primer An intermediate coating layer, applied directly onto the pre-treated

steel surface to improve the adhesion of the final coating to the pipe
surface.

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February 2023
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Term Definition
Saturated The saturated calomel electrode is a reference electrode based on

Calomel the reaction between elemental mercury and mercury (I) chloride. It is
Electrode used to measure the electrochemical potential.
Shift A set of pipes coated in one production run of which the beginning
and end coincide with a change in personnel. In the context of the
quality control procedures of this DEP, the maximum duration of a
shift is 12 hours.
Side A coating process whereby hot extruded films of coating materials are
extrusion wrapped around the pipe in layers. The pipes are moved past the
extrusion head in a spiral motion. The extruded coating film is fused
together to form a continuous adherent sheath around the pipe.
Sleeve A coating process whereby a hot extruded sleeve of coating material

extrusion or is applied around the pipes while the pipes are moved through the
crosshead extrusion head in a linear motion.
extrusion
Spraying The coating process whereby the coating material is sprayed onto the
preheated pipe surface in the form of powder and is fused to a
homogeneous and continuous layer under the influence of the heat
from the pipe material.
Three layer A pipe coating system consisting of three layers: primer, adhesive
system and outer layer.
1.3.3 Abbreviations
The following abbreviations are specific to this DEP.
Term Definition
AFC Approved for Construction
APS Application Procedure Specification
DN Diameter Nominal
NPS Nominal Pipe Size
SCE Saturated Calomel Electrode
SDS Safety Data Sheet
TAMAP Technically Accepted Manufacturers and Products
1.4 CROSS-REFERENCES
Where cross-references to other parts of this DEP are made, the referenced section or
clause number is shown in brackets ( ). Other documents referenced by this DEP are listed
in (Part V).

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February 2023
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1.5 SUMMARY OF MAIN CHANGES

This DEP is a revision of the DEP of the same number dated February 2021. The following
are the main, non-editorial changes:
Section/Clause Change
Part I, 1.1 Added statement to indicate that Part IV applies to dual layer FBE
Part III, 9 Updated as per the latest version of ISO 21809-1, 2018
Part III, 10 Replaced Table 7 of ISO 21809-1 with Shell's version of this table
Part III, Annex B Amended as per the test requirements
Part III, Annex H Amended as per the test requirements
Part III, Annex L Amended as per the test requirements
Part IV Updated title and scope to indicate that this Part applies to single layer
FBE and dual layer FBE
Part IV, Section 8.2.2 Replaced Table 3 and Table 4 with Shell's version of these tables
1.6 COMMENTS ON THIS DEP

Comments on this DEP may be submitted to the Administrator using one of the following
options:
Shell DEPs Online Enter the Shell DEPs Online system

(Users with access to at https://www.shelldeps.com
Shell DEPs Online) Select a DEP and then go to the details screen for that
DEP.
Click on the “Give feedback” link, fill in the online form
and submit.
DEP Feedback System Enter comments directly in the DEP Feedback System
(Users with access to which is accessible from the Technical Standards
Portal http://sww.shell.com/standards.
Shell Wide Web)
Select “Submit DEP Feedback”, fill in the online form
and submit.
DEP Standard Form Use DEP Standard Form 00.00.05.80‑Gen. to record

(other users) feedback and email the form to the Administrator
at standards@shell.com.
Feedback that has been registered in the DEP Feedback System by using one of the above
options will be reviewed by the DEP Custodian for potential improvements to the DEP.

DEP 31.40.30.31-Gen.
February 2023
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1.7 DUAL UNITS

This DEP contains both the International System (SI) units, as well as the corresponding
US Customary (USC) units, which are given following the SI units in brackets. When agreed
by the Principal, the indicated USC values/units may be used.
1.8 NON NORMATIVE TEXT (COMMENTARY)
Text shown in italic style in this DEP indicates text that is non-normative and is provided as
explanation or background information only.
Non-normative text is normally indented slightly to the right of the relevant DEP
clause.

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February 2023
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PART II. GENERAL

1. APPLICABILITY OF THIS DEP
Part III of this DEP is written as amendments and supplements to ISO 21809-1:2018.
Part IV of this DEP is written as amendments and supplements to ISO 21809-2:2014.
1. Wherever reference is made to ISO 21809-1, it shall be understood to mean
ISO 21809-1:2018 as amended/supplemented by this DEP.
2. Wherever reference is made to ISO 21809-2, it shall be understood to mean
ISO 21809-2:2014 as amended/supplemented by this DEP.
For ease of reference, the clause numbering of ISO 21809-1 and ISO 21809-2 has
been used throughout Part III and Part IV of this DEP.
3. Clauses in ISO 21809-1 and ISO 21809-2 which are not mentioned in this DEP shall
remain valid as written.
2. DOCUMENT HIERARCHY
1. In the event of conflicts between this DEP, referenced standards, contract documents,
and AFC drawings, the Contractor shall notify the Principal for resolution.
3. SAFETY
Application of coatings can include the use of hazardous materials, operations and
equipment. This DEP does not address all the potential safety concerns associated with
their use. It is the responsibility of the applicator to establish appropriate safety and health
requirements and determine any regulatory requirements or limitations prior to use.
1. Health, Safety and Environment concerns shall be identified and included in the
detailed coating procedure and pre-job discussions.
Rationale: To ensure the coating will be applied in a safe and environmentally
compliant manner.
2. All surface preparation and coating application equipment shall undergo a complete
safety inspection prior to use.
Rationale: To ensure safe handling of equipment and materials.
3. Exhaust/ventilation equipment shall be used for removal of any air contaminated
products.
Rationale: To achieve acceptable air quality standards and to protect personnel
4. Protective equipment requirements in the Manufacturer/Supplier’s Safety Data Sheet(s)
(SDS) shall be followed.
Rationale: To ensure the coating will be applied in a safe and environmentally
compliant manner.

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4. PRE-JOB MEETING
1. The Applicator shall schedule a pre-job meeting sufficiently in advance of commencing
any qualification activities or procurement of materials to discuss job specific
requirements and clarify roles and responsibilities with the following attendees:
a. Principal's representative for coating supervision, inspection and witness of
testing;
b. Applicator's representative for coating supervision, inspection and testing;
c. Quality control and safety;
d. Technical representative of the Manufacturer/Supplier of coating system, as
needed.
Rationale: To understand the requirements on qualification of coating system,
application, testing facilities and take up corrective actions in advance for the
success of qualification.
5. TRACEABILITY OF PIPES AND COATING
1. The applicator shall ensure the following:
a. that each individual pipe is fully traceable during and after the coating process.
b. the sequence and time of coating and the batch of materials used for each pipe is
recorded.
Rationale: To locate the pipes and evaluate if there are any damages caused during
supply or transport by pipe mill or during the coating process.
6. TRANSPORT OF COATED PIPE
1. Preparation for transport or shipment of the coated pipes shall be in accordance with
specifications API RP 5L1 or API RP 5LW, whichever is applicable.
API RP 5L1 applies for transport of line pipe by rail. API RP 5LW applies for
transport of line pipe on barges or marine vessels.
Rationale: To follow the industry standards and prevent any damages to the pipes
during transportation or shipment.

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February 2023
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PART III. AMENDMENTS/SUPPLEMENTS TO ISO 21809-1:2018

6. Information supplied by the purchaser
6.1 General information
Add the following to this clause:
k. project name;
l. the type (PE/PP/FBE) and thickness of coating required;
m. the geographical area (land/subsea);
n. expected field joint coating with application guidelines;
o. cutback configuration and finish;
p. expected ambient temperatures during installation;
q. installation method;
r. soil and backfill conditions for on land pipelines;
s. seabed trenching, laying and burial conditions for subsea pipelines;
t. subsequent coatings to be applied (e.g., weight coating, insulation);
u. requirements for anti-slip treatment;
v. requirements for temporary protection of pipe ends;
w. type of cathodic protection system.
Add the following new clause:
6.3 Information to be submitted by the Contractor
1. For the coating system selected, the Contractor shall submit the following information
to the Principal:
a. System identification;
b. Coating materials Manufacturer/Supplier’s data;
c. Applicator and coating system qualification;
d. The name and location of the proposed coating applicator;
e. Quality Plan, Application Procedure Specification (APS) and Inspection and Test
Plan (ITP);
f. Suitability of coating system to pipeline design conditions with respect to service
fluid temperature, soil/sea water immersion conditions.
Rationale: The Principal will have the adequate information to agree with confidence
on the proposed coating system on its suitability and testing for quality assurance
for the project.

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7. Coating classification
7.1 General
1. The pipeline coating system shall be manufactured with high density polyethylene or
polypropylene with fusion bonded epoxies and adhesives to obtain the required coating
properties under the specified transport, installation and design conditions.
Rationale: The 3LPE coating system with high density polyethylene and 3LPP
coating system with Polypropylene are proven as robust coating systems for the
long term performance design life in the Oil & Gas and chemical industry. The other
grades of PE are of lower performance category as per the properties and testing in
industry.
7.3 Coating thickness classes
Replace this entire clause, including Table 2, with the following:
1. The minimum thickness range shall be 150 µm (6 mils) to 300 µm (12 mils) for the
epoxy layer and 200 µm (8 mils) to 350 µm (14 mils) for the adhesive layer.
Rationale: The recommended coating thicknesses are as per Shell experience and
performance testing to meet the design life of coating system.
2. The minimum total thickness of the total coating system shall be as specified in Table 2
for all onshore buried conditions and at a water depth less than 500 m (1,640 ft) for
offshore locations.
The coating thickness is measured in accordance with Annex A of ISO 21809-2.
Rationale: The recommended minimum thickness is as per the experience and
testing of qualification for TAMAP assessment by Shell.
Table 2 Minimum total coating system thickness for polyethylene and polypropylene
pipeline coating systems
Minimum total coating thickness, mm (in)
DN NPS Polyethylene Polypropylene
0 ≤ 100 ≤4 2.5 (0.1) 1.8 (0.07)
> 100 and ≤ 250 > 4 and ≤ 10 2.7 (0.11) 2.0 (0.08)
> 250 and < 500 > 10 and < 20 2.9 (0.12) 2.2 (0.09)
≥ 500 and < 800 ≥ 20 and < 32 3.2 (0.13) 2.5 (0.1)
≥ 800 ≥ 32 3.7 (0.15) 2.5 (0.1)
3. For deepwater applications (≥ 500 m (1,640 ft)), the thickness of the total coating
system shall be as follows:
a. average of at least 3.4 mm (0.14 in).
b. no single thickness reading less than 3.2 mm (0.13 in).
Rationale: The recommended minimum thickness is as per the experience and
testing of qualification for TAMAP assessment by Shell.

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8. Qualification processes
8.1 General-Qualification scheme
1. The following classification shall be used in Table 3, Table 4 and Table 5:
a. Class B with high density polyethylene.
b. Class C with polypropylene.
Rationale: Specific requirement of Shell as per performance testing to achieve the
design of coating system.
9. Coating material qualification
9.2 Qualification of the coating materials
9.2.1 General requirements
Add the following paragraph at the start of the section:

1. This pre-qualification of coating system and pipe coating mill shall be carried out
according to the requirements given in this DEP for a project and also for TAMAP
vendor assessment.

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February 2023
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10. Coating system qualification

Replace Table 7 with the following:
Table 7 Properties of the applied coating
Properties Unit Test method High density Polypropylene Class C

Polyethylene Class B
Continuity — Annex B as Free of defects and discontinuities,

amended by this delaminations,
DEP separations and holidays
Impact strength at J/mm Annex E > 7 (130) > 10 (186)
23 °C ± 3 °C (ft lbf/inch)
(73.4 °F ± 5.4 °F)
Indentation 23 °C ± 3 °C mm (inch) Annex F ≤ 0.2 (0.007) ≤ 0.1 (0.0039)
(73.4 °F ± 5.4 °F)
at maximum ≤ 0.4 (0.0157) ≤ 0.4 (0.0157)
design
temperature
Strain at break of PE/PP at % ISO 527-2 ≥ 400 ≥ 400
23 °C ± 3 °C
(73.4 °F ± 5.4 °F)
Peel strength N/mm Annex C ≥ 18.0 (102.78) ≥ 25.0 (142.75)
(lbf/inch) at ≥ 23 °C (73.4 °F) at ≥ 23 °C (73.4 °F)
≥ 5.0 (28.55) ≥ 6.0 (34.26)
at ≥ 80 °C (176°F) at ≥ 90 °C (194 °F) or
at maximum operating
temperature if above
90 °C (194 °F)
No disbonding between No disbonding between
steel and epoxy steel and epoxy
For crosshead-extruded N/mm Annex C ≥ 18.0 (102.78) ≥ 25.0 (142.75)
coatings, the peel resistance (lbf/inch) at ≥ 23 °C (73.4 °F) at ≥ 23 °C (73.4 °F)
in the longitudinal direction of
the pipe ≥ 5.0 (28.55) at ≥ 80 °C ≥ 6.0 (34.26)
(176°F) at ≥ 90 °C (194 °F) or
at maximum operating
temperature if above
90 °C (194 °F)
No disbonding between No disbonding between
steel and epoxy steel and epoxy
ΔTg of the epoxy (1st layer) °C (°F) Annex D Tg4 ≥ 5°C (9°F) above maximum design
temperature
and
-2 °C ≤ ΔTg≤ 3 °C
(-3.6 °F ≤ ΔTg≤ 5.4 °F)

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Properties Unit Test method High density Polypropylene Class C

Polyethylene Class B
Product stability during % ISO 1133-1 for Classes B ΔMFR ≤ 20;
application of the PE/PP top for Class C ΔMFR ≤ 35 (variation between virgin
layer process compounded granulate before application and
coating
after application of the same batch tested by
the applicator)
Maximum radius of cathodic mm (in) at 23°C (73 °F)/ (Part III, ≤ 7 (0.28) ≤ 5 (0.2)
disbondment 28 d; -1.5 V Annex H)
Maximum operation ≤ 7 (0.28) ≤ 3 (0.12)
temperature/48 h;
1.5 V
Maximum operation ≤ 15 (0.6) ≤ 7 (0.28)
temperature/28 d;
-1.5 V
Flexibility Degrees Annex I No cracking at an angle of 2.0° per pipe
per pipe diameter length
length
diameter
Hot water immersion test for mm (in) (Part III, Annex L) edge disbonding ≤ 5 mm (0.2 in) as measured
28 days at maximum and (Part III, 10.2) by the penetration of the gauge under the
operating temperature edges of the coating
coating on the test
piece to be
evaluated for
evidence of
disbonding using a
0.05 mm (0.002 in)
thick feeler gauge
Hot water immersion test for mm (in) the coating is edge disbonding ≤ 3 mm (0.15 in) as measured
48 hours at maximum evaluated for by the penetration of the gauge under the
operating temperature as disbonding by the coating
production quality control test 0.05 mm (0.002 in)
thick feeler gauge
Visual appearance Visual by X30 magnifying The coating is free from blisters, pinholes,
glass a scratches or any other irregularities that will
affect the overall coating testing performance.
The coating needs to have a uniform colour and
gloss
a
record evidence with photographs
Rationale: The properties of applied coating are revised based on Shell experience
for the long-term performance of external corrosion protection coating on buried and
submerged pipelines to the design life of minimum 25 years. The Class A type (Low
Density Polyethylene (LDPE) material) and Class B type (Medium Density
Polyethylene (MDPE) material) have not been considered due to lower mechanical
strength, temperature resistance and performance compared to HDPE and
PP materials.

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The minimum voltage of 1.5V for cathodic disbondment test is based on the Shell
experience with respect to current demand expected over a period of design life of
pipeline. The CD test results were found to be inconsistent at temperature above
95 °C (203 °F). The flexibility test will provide the assurance on coating integrity
without any cracking in case of any pipe sagging by soil/water load stresses in
buried/submerged conditions during design life. The impact test for 3LPP system at
0 °C (32 °F) will qualify for low temperature zones and sea water immersion service
requirements.
Add the following clause at the end of Table 7:
1. For qualification testing of coating on bends or fittings, the applicator shall perform the
qualification testing on one straight length of pipe.
Rationale: It might not be possible to perform some of the performance tests directly
on coated bends or fittings.
11. Application of the coating system
11.2 Surface preparation
11.2.2 Abrasive blast cleaning
Add the following to this section at the end:

1. The pipe surface temperature shall be higher than 5 °C (41 °F) and more than
3 °C (5.4 °F) above the ambient dew point.
Rationale: To prevent flash rust on blast cleaned steel surface.
2. During blasting, the relative humidity shall not exceed 85 %.
Rationale: This maximum RH limit is related to dew point temperature causing
condensation on steel surface after blast cleaning.
3. Line speed and blasting parameters shall not cause any overblasting of the pipe
surface.
Rationale: Over blasting will cause higher surface profile and FBE primer will sink
into the profile and cause adhesion issues.
4. The pipe end shall be plugged with compatible material to prevent ingress of abrasive
materials that could cause damage (i.e., scratches to the internal surface of pipe).
5. The recycled abrasive materials collected from automatic reclaiming blasting machine
shall be tested to meet the particle size, conductivity and surface profile requirements
as per 11.2.2 of ISO 21809-1.
6. After abrasive blast cleaning, all remaining weld spatter and irregularities shall be
removed from the pipe surface by mild chiseling or grinding in agreement with the
Principal.
a. The remaining wall thickness shall be checked and compared as per the line pipe
specification.
Rationale: To prevent damages to the coating due to projects on steel causing
pinholes and adhesion issues.
7. Any grinding or mechanical repairs shall be subject to approval of the Principal.
Rationale: To prevent metal thickness reduction of the pipe as per the design.

DEP 31.40.30.31-Gen.
February 2023
Page 17
8. Before coating, the pipe surface shall be cleaned of all dust and foreign matter by
means of either clean dry compressed air or vacuum cleaning.
a. The compressed air shall not show any indication of oil in accordance with
ASTM D4285.
Rationale: To prevent any adhesion issues of applied coating system due to
contamination before coating application.
11.2.3 Surface dust contamination

1. Dust level shall be Class 1 and quantity rating with maximum 2.
Rationale: To meet the performance requirements of coating and higher dust level
will cause lower adhesion.
11.3 Coating application
11.3.1 General
Add the following to this clause at the beginning:

1. Following surface preparation, if the coating of pipes is delayed by more than 4 hours,
or where the pipes show any visible rust stains, the impacted pipes shall be re-blasted
to the specified surface cleanliness requirements.
Rationale: The flash rust will cause low adhesion and long term performance
issues.
2. The maximum pipe temperature shall not exceed 280 °C (536 °F).
Rationale: To prevent gelling of FBE primer causing burning of coating leading to
adhesion loss.
3. During coating application, the beveled ends of the pipes and the pipe bore shall be
protected against mechanical damage and contamination with a coating material.
11.3.5 Rough coat application

1. If rough coating is required (e.g., for concrete weight coating), then the procedure for
rough coating application shall be subject to approval by the Principal.
Rationale: The Principal might require testing of the coating for friction and wear
resistance.
11.4 Cutback
Add the following to this clause at the end:
1. At the pipe ends, the coating shall be cut back over a length of maximum
150 mm ± 20 mm (6 in ± 0.8 in).
Rationale: To minimize the field joint coating length during installation as it becomes
a weak spot in buried conditions.
2. Some FBE should be visible on the cutback.
Rationale: To overlap the field joint coating for better adhesion on pipe coating.
3. Non-ferrous or stainless steel tools shall be used on stainless steel pipes.
Rationale: To prevent any galvanic corrosion with stainless steel metal.
4. Uncoated pipe ends shall receive a temporary protective coating for transit.

DEP 31.40.30.31-Gen.
February 2023
Page 18
12. Inspection and testing

12.1 General
Replace the cell for the combination of "Cathodic disbondment" and "Requirements", which
currently indicates "65 C/24 h; -3.38V" in Table 9, with the following:
Table 7 of (Part III, 10)
Rationale: The requirements in Table 7 in (Part III, 10) are based on Shell
experience and performance testing of coating systems to meet the design life of
coating system.
Add the following to this clause below Table 9:
1. The inspection frequency during production should be adapted to the requirements of
the specific project, e.g., number of pipes, pipe diameter, number of shifts, shift
lengths.
15. Handling and storage in applicator facilities
15.1 Handling
Add the following clauses at the beginning of this section:
1. Upon receipt, Contractor shall do all the following activities:
a. Inspect the uncoated pipes for transport damage or other defects;
b. Segregate any damaged pipes;
c. Inform the Principal of all damaged pipes;
d. Repair damaged pipes upon Principal approval.
2. Bevel protectors and end caps as installed by the pipe Manufacturer/Supplier shall be
used after coating and before handling of the pipes.
Rationale: To prevent foreign contamination and rainwater inside the pipe and to
prevent damages to the pipe.
3. Separate slings or soft padded hooks or vacuum lifters fitted with suitable spreader
bars shall be used for each individual pipe being lifted.
Rationale: To prevent damages to the pipes
4. The transport equipment and conveyor used for handling stainless steel pipes shall be
padded to prevent contact between the stainless steel and carbon steel.
Rationale: To prevent galvanic corrosion and corrosion stains by carbon steel.
5. Bending of pipes shall be prevented with the use of adequately-spaced pipe supports.
15.2 Storage
Add the following clauses at the end of this section:
1. Pipe supports should be made of soft padded wooden bolsters or sand rows, free of
stones, covered with plastic sheets.
Rationale: To prevent damages to the pipes.
2. Pipes should be stored at least 150 mm (6 in) clear off the ground.
Rationale: To prevent contamination due to contacting the ground.
3. If pipes are stored outdoors, then the pipes should be stored with a slight slope
sufficient to permit drainage of rainwater that can accumulate inside the pipes.

DEP 31.40.30.31-Gen.
February 2023
Page 19
4. Pipe piles shall be secured against collapse (i.e., rolling over) with adequately sized
wooden wedges or ground pins and padding to prevent coating damage.
5. Coated pipes shall be stacked using at least four separators for every 12 m (40 ft) joint.
a. Separators shall be from soft materials approved by the Principal (e.g., rubber
pads or tyre tread).
Rationale: To prevent damages to the pipes.
Annex B. (normative) - Holiday detection test
B.1 General
1. The pipe coating shall be electrically discharged to the pipe to prevent any electrical
shock to the operator after the test.
There is a possibility of an electrical shock if personnel touch the pipe after the
holiday test due to build-up of electrostatic charge in the coating.
Annex H. (normative) - Cathodic disbondment test
H.4 Procedure
H.4.10
Add the following to this clause at the beginning:

1. By means of a potentiostat, the electrochemical potential of the steel shall be polarized
to -1500 mV ± 10 mV with respect to the SCE and maintained throughout the test.
Rationale: This is the maximum expected voltage during CP protection in buried
soil.
2. The current required to maintain the potential and the voltage and temperature shall be
recorded daily.
Rationale: To ensure uniform test results.
3. The duration of the test shall be 28 days for qualification of the coating system and
48 hours for production control.
Rationale: To meet the performance testing requirements and ensure the design life
of applied coating system.
4. For tests above ambient temperatures, the temperature shall be controlled as follows:
a. If the sample is immersed in the cell, the test temperature of solution and sample
are controlled by placing the cell in a thermostatically controlled water bath.
b. If the cell has been constructed on the pipe sample, the steel sample is placed in
a thermostatically controlled furnace or sand bath that also covers the top surface
of the sample with at least 1 cm (0.4 in) of sand.
c. The furnace or bath is adjusted to maintain the required test temperature on the
steel surface in the test.
Rationale: To achieve accurate test results.

DEP 31.40.30.31-Gen.
February 2023
Page 20
Annex L. (normative) - Hot water immersion test

L.2 Equipment
L.2.1
Replace clause L.2.1 with the following:

1. A heating bath or oven shall be controlled to the specified test temperature.
Rationale: To ensure the temperature remains stable during the test.
L.4 Procedure
L.4.1
Replace clause L.4.1 with the following:

1. Specimens shall be submerged by at least 50 mm (2 in) in a glass vessel with fresh
water, containing less than 500 ppm chlorides, pre-heated to the specified temperature.
Rationale: To expose the coated specimens for hot water immersion conditions.
2. The temperature of the water shall be maintained at the specified temperature for
28 days for qualification of the coating system and 48 hours for production control.
Rationale: To meet the test conditions for performance testing in hot water
immersion to meet the design life of coating system.
L.4.4

1. The edges of the coating on the test piece shall be evaluated for evidence of
disbonding using a 0.05 mm (0.002 in) thick feeler gauge.
a. Edge disbonding shall not exceed 5 mm (0.20 in) as measured by the penetration
of the gauge under the coating.
Rationale: To test any disbonding due to exposure to hot water immersion.
2. For production purposes, the coated panels for hot water resistance test shall be
exposed to 48 hours and evaluated for disbonding by the 0.05 mm (0.002 in) thick
feeler gauge.
a. After 48 hours, the edge disbonding of coating shall not exceed 3 mm (0.12 in) as
measured by the penetration of the feeler gauge under the coating.
Rationale: Performance acceptance criteria.
3. For qualification purposes, test for adhesion of the coating system shall be per the peel
resistance method in Annex C of ISO 21809-1.
Rationale: To comply with the industry standard test method.

DEP 31.40.30.31-Gen.
February 2023
Page 21
PART IV.AMENDMENTS/SUPPLEMENTS TO ISO 21809-2:2014

Replace the title: Single and dual layer fusion-bonded epoxy coatings
1. Scope
Replace the phrase “single layer” with the following:
“single and dual layer”
4. Symbols and abbreviated terms
4.2 Abbreviated terms
Add the following to this section:
DFBE: Dual Layer fusion-bonded epoxy
6. Information supplied by the purchaser
6.3 Information to be provided by contractor

1. The contractor shall provide the following information on coating system:
a. coating system identification;
b. Manufacturer/Supplier's data;
c. coating system qualification information.
Rationale: The proposed coating system is to be reviewed and agreed by Principal.
7. Coating materials
7.1 Epoxy powder
7.1.1 General

1. Three 50 g (1.8 oz) samples from each batch of powder shall be taken and stored
under conditions recommended by the powder Manufacturer/Supplier.
Rationale: For representative assessment of epoxy powder for any testing in future
post application.
7.1.2 Properties

1. The glass transition temperature (Tg2) shall be at least 5 °C (9 °F) above the maximum
pipeline design temperature.
Rationale: To ensure the applied coating system is suitable up to the maximum
pipeline design temperature.

DEP 31.40.30.31-Gen.
February 2023
Page 22
8. Coating qualification
8.1 Qualification by manufacturer
8.1.1 Epoxy powder
8.1.1.2 Preparation of the laboratory coated test specimens

1. Coating thickness shall be as follows:
a. single layer FBE: 400 µm (16 mil) to 550 µm (22 mil);
b. dual layer FBE: 600 µm (24 mil) to 800 µm (32.5 mil).
Rationale: This is the requirement of minimum coating thickness as per Shell
experience and Oil & Gas industry.
2. The coating thickness shall be checked by means of a thickness meter based on eddy
current or electromagnetic techniques in accordance with ISO 2808, method 6A or 6B,
and calibrated at least once per shift.
3. Calibration shall be carried out on a flat steel plate of similar thickness as the pipe wall
by means of plastic shims of the same thickness (± 20 %) as the nominal coating
system.
4. A minimum of twelve thickness checks shall be made at one quarter, one half and three
quarters of the length of each pipe at the 3, 6, 9 and 12 o’clock positions around the
pipe with one of these circumferential positions at the top of the weld for welded pipe.
8.2 Qualification by applicator
8.2.2 Minimum requirements for plant qualification and production
Replace this section, including Table 3 and Table 4, with the following:
1. Tests for pipe surface preparation shall be in accordance with Table 3.
2. Tests for plant-applied coating shall be in accordance with Table 4.
3. When this DEP is used for coating of bends or fittings, the applicator shall perform the
qualification testing on one straight length of pipe.
Rationale: To ensure the coating system is qualified as per performance tests
requirements.
4. The inspection frequency during production shall be adapted to the requirements of the
specific project e.g., number of pipes, pipe diameter, number of shifts, shift length.

DEP 31.40.30.31-Gen.
February 2023
Page 23
Table 3 Requirements for inspection of surface preparation-production and

plant qualification
Properties Unit Test method Requirements Frequency Frequency

qualification production
Incoming FBE - see 10.2 of ISO 21809-2 see 10.2 of ISO 21809-2 each batch each
powder shipment
Surface - visual inspection free of contaminations each pipe each pipe

condition before
blasting
Environmental - calculation as determined at time of once every 4 hours
conditions measurement
Pipe °C (°F) thermocouple minimum 3 °C (5.4°F) once every 4 hours
temperature above the dew point
before blasting
Size, shape and - visual and certification conformity to certificate, once 1/day
properties of ISO 11124 (all parts) compliance to
abrasive (metallic) manufacturing/working
procedures
Water soluble µS/cm ASTM D4940 conductivity max. once 1/shift
contamination (µS/in) 60 (23.62)
of abrasives
Soluble salt mg/m2 Potassium ferricyanide salt content (as NaCl) each pipe every 4 hours
after blasting (grains/inch2) indicator in accordance max. 20 (0.0002)
with AS 3894.6 and
following conductive
measurement,
ISO 8502-9 and
ISO 11127-6
Surface µm (mils) ISO 8503-4 50 to 100 (2 to 4) 5 pipes every 1 hour
roughness of or
blasted surface
ISO 8503-5
(Rz/Ry5)
Visual - ISO 8501-1 grade Sa 2 1/2 each pipe each pipe
inspection
of blasted
surface
Presence of - ISO 8502-3 max. class 1 5 pipes every 1 hour
dust after dust (for both size and
removal quantity)
Visual - visual no rust each pipe each pipe
inspection of
pipe prior to
introduction to
coating line
Preheating °C (°F) pyrometer compliance to APS each pipe each pipe
temperature
before coating

DEP 31.40.30.31-Gen.
February 2023
Page 24
Table 4 Requirements for plant applied coating: production and plant qualification
Properties Acceptance Criteria Test Method Frequency Frequency for
for production
qualification
Degree of cure DSC, Tg4 > 5 °C (9 °F) above Clause A.8 3 test pipes first pipe of the order
ΔTg (differential glass maximum Design and then 1/shift
transition temperature) temperature
-2 °C (-3.6 °F) and
+3 °C (+5.4 °F)
Porosity less than or equal to that Clause A.12 3 test pipes first pipe of the order
illustrated in Figures A.11 and then 1/shift
and A.12
Dry adhesion (pull off > 10 N/mm2 Clause A.4 5 test pipes every 4 h
adhesion) at 23 °C (73.4 °F) (1,450 lb/inch2)
and maximum design failure mode: Cohesive
temperature > 75% area
Impact at 23 °C and -30 °C ≥ 2 J (1.4 ft lb) Clause A.14 5 test pipes 1/shift
(73.4 °F and -22 °F) > 4 J (2.95ft lb)
- Single layer FBE
- Dual layer FBE
Flexibility at No cracking at 2.5° ppd at Clause A.13 3 test pipes 1/shift
0 °C (32 °F) temperature- 0 °C (32 °F)
Single layer 400 µm to Holiday test @
500 µm (16 mils to 20 mils) 5V/micron: No holidays
Allowed to warm to
20 °C ± 5 °C
(68 °F ± 9 °F) during
holiday test
Flexibility at No cracking at 2° ppd
0 °C (32 °F) temperature- at -30 °C (-22 °F)
Dual layer Holiday test @
600 µm to 800 µm 5V/micron: No holidays
(24 mils to 32 mils) Allowed to warm to
20 °C ± 5 °C
(68 °F ± 9 °F) during
holiday test
Hot-water adhesion (pull off > 7 N/mm2 (1,015 lbf/in2) ISO 4624 2 test pipes 1/shift
method); 48 hours, 95 °C with 50% cohesive failure. Visual
(203 °F) ± 3 °C (5. 4°F) No significant evidence of
blistering or disbonding
Hot-water adhesion (pull off > 7 N/mm2 (1,015 lbf/in2) ISO 4624 2 test pipes In accordance with
method); 28 days, 95 °C with 50% cohesive failure. Visual APS
(203 °F) ± 3 °C (5.4 °F) No evidence of blistering
or disbonding

DEP 31.40.30.31-Gen.
February 2023
Page 25
Properties Acceptance Criteria Test Method Frequency Frequency for

for production
qualification
Cathodic disbondment: ≤5 mm (0.2 inch) Clause A.9 as 2 test pipes 1/shift
48h for production and 28 disbondment amended by
days for qualification, this DEP
23 °C ± 3 °C
(73.4 ± 5.4) °F, – 3,5V
Interface contamination <10 % Clause A.11 3 test pipes 1/shift
Cathodic disbondment: ≤10 mm (0.4 inch) Clause A.10 2 test pipes In accordance with
28 days, at 95 °C ± 3 °C disbondment as amended APS
(203 °F ± 5.4 °F) or as per by this DEP
design temperature per APS
at – 1.5 V
(Ag/AgCl reference
electrode)
Coating thickness-Single Minimum 400 µm to ISO 2808, 5 test pipes Each pipe
layer FBE 550 µm (16 mils to 22 method 6A or
mils) 6B,
minimum 12
Coating thickness-Dual layer Minimum 600 µm to measurements
FBE 800 µm (24 mils to 32 at 3, 6, 9 and
mils) 12 o'clock
positions and
at the top of
the weld on
each pipe
Cut back 150 mm (6 in) ± 20 mm measurement In In accordance with
(0.8 in) accordance APS
with APS
Continuity maximum holidays as per (Part IV, each pipe each pipe
Table 6 10.3.2.2)
Rationale: The acceptance criteria and test requirements were based on pipe
coating mill assessment testing for TAMAP, projects and achieved by Vendors to
ensure the long term performance of coating system in buried and subsea exposure
conditions. The lowest dust level was critical to achieve specified adhesion values
of coating system. The cathodic disbondment test acceptance criteria was based on
the assessment of pipe coating mills and established for long term performance of
coating system in buried and subsea exposure conditions. The coating thickness
was based on the performance testing requirements as part of pipe coating mill
assessment.

DEP 31.40.30.31-Gen.
February 2023
Page 26
9. Application of coating
9.2 Surface preparation
9.2.2 Abrasive blast cleaning
Add the following at the end of this clause:

1. During blast cleaning, the pipe surface temperature shall be higher than 5 °C (41 °F)
and more than 3 °C (5.4 °F) above the ambient dew point.
Rationale: To prevent flash rust on blast cleaned steel pipe due to dew point
condensation.
2. During blasting, the relative humidity shall not exceed 85 %.
Rationale: To prevent flash rust during or after blast cleaning of carbon steel pipe
due to high humidity.
3. Line speed and blasting parameters shall not cause any over blasting of the pipe
surface and result in microscopic steel laminations leading to disbondment of coating
from the pipe surface.
4. Stainless steel or nonferrous abrasives shall be used for blast cleaning of stainless
steel pipes.
Rationale: To prevent any corrosion spots of ferrous abrasives due to entrapment in
the blast cleaned SS surface.
5. Immediately after blast-cleaning, all remaining weld spatter and irregularities shall be
removed from the pipe surface by chiselling or grinding.
a. Any ground surface with an area larger than 25 cm2 (4 in2) shall be re-blasted to
the cleanliness and roughness as specified in this DEP.
Rationale: To prevent any damage to the applied FBE primer and causing pin holes
and adhesion issues due to protruded weld spatter and irregularities.
6. No repairs to the pipe shall be allowed after surface preparation.
Rationale: To prevent any contamination and re-blasting of pipe.
7. After all grinding or mechanical repairs, the remaining wall thickness shall be checked
and compared with the minimum requirements of the line pipe specification.
8. Before coating, the pipe surface shall be cleaned of all dust and foreign matter by
means of either clean dry compressed air or vacuum cleaning.
a. The compressed air shall not show any indication of oil in accordance with
ASTM D4285.
Rationale: To prevent contamination of pipe causing adhesion issues post curing
the coating system.
9.2.3 Surface dust contamination
Replace the last sentence of this clause with the following:

1. The maximum allowable dust level shall be Class 1 for both size and quantity.
Rationale: To prevent adhesion issues due to surface dust contamination.

DEP 31.40.30.31-Gen.
February 2023
Page 27
9.2.4 Surface cleanliness and pretreatment
Replace the content of this clause with the following:

1. The maximum residual soluble salt level on the blast cleaned surface shall not exceed
20 mg/m2 (0.0002 grains/in2) when tested in accordance with one of the following:
a. ISO 8502-6; or
b. ISO 8502-9.
Rationale: The higher residual salt will cause lower adhesion of the coating to steel
pipe
9.3 Coating application and curing temperature
9.3.1 General

1. During coating, the beveled ends of the pipes and the pipe bore shall be protected
against mechanical damage and from contamination with coating material.
9.3.2 Powder recycle

1. Recycled powder shall meet the following requirements:
a. recycled powder to be from the same batch;
b. maximum 20% of the total powder mix to be used at any time.
Rationale: The higher mix of recycled power will cause lower performance of FBE
primer with respect to corrosion protection.
2. Recovery shall be automatic and continuous.
Rationale: To maintain uniform particle size mixing of recovered powder in mixing
with FBE powder.
3. Recovered powder shall be processed through magnetic separators and sieves and
then uniformly mixed with fresh powder.
Rationale: To achieve uniform particle size and mixing as per the
Manufacturer/Supplier powder specification.
4. Moisture content of the powder shall be checked at least once per day in accordance
with A.5.
Rationale: The higher moisture content in FBE powder will cause inadequate curing
and blisters on coating.
9.4 Coating thickness
Replace the third paragraph (beginning with "If no minimum thickness is specified...") and
fourth paragraph (beginning with "For a specified minimum thickness ...") with the following:
1. Thickness of the FBE coating shall be 475 μm (19 mils) ± 75 μm (3 mils), for cured
single layer and 700 μm (28 mils) ± 100 mm (4 mils), for cured double layer.
a. The base coat and top coat shall be 350 μm (14 mils) ± 50 μm (2 mils) for each
layer.
Rationale: This is based on Shell experience with performance testing and industry
practice with respect to FBE coating thickness requirements.

DEP 31.40.30.31-Gen.
February 2023
Page 28
2. For pipes that are to be coated with concrete weight coating using an impingement
technique for mechanical protection, the thickness of the cured single layer FBE
coating shall be 725 μm (29 mils) ± 75 μm (3 mils).
3. The thickness of the cured FBE coating applied on bends and fittings shall be between
400 μm (16 mils) and 1000 μm (40 mils).
Rationale: This is as per industry best practice and experience.
4. Measurement of coating thickness shall be in accordance with (Part IV, 8.1.1.2) at the
following positions:
a. at the 3, 6, 9 and 12 o’clock positions around the pipe.
b. for submerged arc welded pipe one of these circumferential positions to be at the
top of the weld.
Rationale: To ensure uniform thickness on pipe and also on weld locations.
10. Inspection and testing
10.3 In-process and finished product testing requirements
10.3.2 Holiday inspection
10.3.2.2 Acceptance criteria
Replace the bullets (a) and (b) with the following:

1. For a 12 m (40 ft) pipe length, the maximum permissible number of holidays to be
repaired shall be as shown in Table 6.
Rationale: To prevent moisture vapour transmission through holidays and causing
corrosion and degradation of FBE coating.
Table 6 Maximum number of holidays per pipe
up to 200 mm (8 in) pipe diameter 4 per pipe

> 200 mm (8 in) up to 600 mm (2 ft) pipe diameter 6 per pipe
> 600 mm (2 ft) pipe diameter and above 8 per pipe
2. For pipe lengths other than 12 m (40 ft), a proportional number of holidays to those
shown in Table 6 should be agreed with Principal and included in the ITP.
Annex A.(normative) - Test methods
A.9 Cathodic disbondment of coatings for standard temperatures up to 95°C
A.9.1 Equipment
A.9.1.2 Procedure B — Nominal pipe diameter size smaller than 4” (101,6 mm)
A.9.1.2.9 Drill bit
Replace the first sentence with the following:

6 mm (0.25 in), see (Figure A.7).

DEP 31.40.30.31-Gen.
February 2023
Page 29
A.9.3 Procedure
A.9.3.1 Procedure A — Nominal pipe diameter size 4” (101,6 mm) and larger
A.9.3.1.2
Replace this clause with the following:

1. Drill a 6 mm (0.25 inch) diameter holiday in the centre of the test specimen through the
coating to expose the steel substrate (see Figure A.7 above).
A.9.3.2 Procedure B — Nominal pipe size smaller than 4” (101,6mm)
A.9.3.2.2
Replace the clause with the following:

1. Drill a 6 mm (0.25 inch) diameter holiday in the centre of the test specimen through the
Add the following new clauses:
2. The current required to maintain the potential together with voltage and temperature
shall be checked and recorded on a daily basis.
Rationale: To maintain uniform test conditions.
3. For tests above ambient temperatures, the temperature shall be controlled as follows:
a. If the cell has been constructed on the pipe sample, the steel sample to be placed
in a thermostatically controlled furnace or sand bath that also covers the top
surface of the sample with at least 1 cm (0.4 in) of sand.
b. The furnace or bath to be adjusted to maintain the required test temperature on
the pipe surface in the test defect.
Rationale: To achieve the uniform temperature during the CD test.
A.9.4 Results
Replace the third bullet "average disbondment value..." with:

1. — maximum disbondment value, expressed in millimetres;
Add the following bullet to the bullet list:
2. — Photos of the exposed test specimen.
Rationale: For future reference as evidence.
A.10 Cathodic disbondment of high temperature coatings (>95°C)
A.10.1 Equipment
A.10.1.9 Drill bit

6 mm (0.25 inch) in diameter.

DEP 31.40.30.31-Gen.
February 2023
Page 30
A.10.3 Procedure
Add the following new clauses:

1. The current required to maintain the potential together with voltage and temperature
shall be checked and recorded on a daily basis.
Rationale: To maintain the record of test conditions.
2. The maximum test temperature shall be 95 °C (203 °F).
Rationale: The CD test results found to be non-uniform above 95 °C (203 °F).
A.10.3.3

1. Drill a 6 mm (0.25 in) diameter holiday in the centre of the test specimen through the
A.10.4 Results
Replace the third bullet with the following:

1. — maximum disbondment value, expressed in millimetres (inches);
Rationale: Interpretation of test results in standard units for CD test.
Add the following new bullet to the bullet list:
2. — photos of the exposed test specimen shall be presented.
Rationale: As evidence of successful testing.

DEP 31.40.30.31-Gen.
February 2023
Page 31
PART V. REFERENCES
In this DEP, reference is made to the following publications:
Unless specifically designated by date, the latest edition of each publication shall be used,
together with any amendments/supplements/revisions thereto.
SHELL STANDARDS
DEP 00.00.05.80-Gen. DEP feedback form
AMERICAN STANDARDS
API RP 5L1 Recommended practice for railroad transportation of line pipe
API RP 5LW Recommended practice for transportation of line pipe on barges

and marine vessels
ASTM D4285 Standard Test Method for Indicating Oil or Water in Compressed
Air
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS
ISO 527-2 Plastics – Determination of tensile properties — Part 2: Test

conditions for moulding and extrusion plastics
ISO 2808 Paints and Varnishes - Determination of Film Thickness
ISO 8502-6 Part 6: Extraction of soluble contaminants for analysis – The

Bresle method
ISO 8502-9 Part 9: Field method for the conductometric determination of

water-soluble salts
ISO 21809-1:2018 Petroleum and natural gas industries – External coatings for buried
or submerged pipelines used in pipeline transportation
systems – Part 1: Polyolefin coatings (3-layer PE and 3-layer PP)
ISO 21809-2:2014 Petroleum and natural gas industries — External coatings for
buried or submerged pipelines used in pipeline transportation
systems — Part 2: Single layer fusion-bonded epoxy coatings


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DEP SPECIFICATION

PIPELINE EXTERNAL COATINGS

DESIGN AND ENGINEERING PRACTICE

© 2023 Shell Group of companies

This document has been supplied under license by Shell to:

This document has been supplied under license by Shell to:

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1.2 DISTRIBUTION, INTENDED USE AND REGULATORY CONSIDERATIONS

Adhesive An intermediate coating layer that improves adhesion between the

Applicator The party or organisation that applies the coating.

Batch The amount of materials produced within one uninterrupted

Primer An intermediate coating layer, applied directly onto the pre-treated

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Saturated The saturated calomel electrode is a reference electrode based on

Sleeve A coating process whereby a hot extruded sleeve of coating material

AFC Approved for Construction

APS Application Procedure Specification

NPS Nominal Pipe Size

SCE Saturated Calomel Electrode

SDS Safety Data Sheet

TAMAP Technically Accepted Manufacturers and Products

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1.5 SUMMARY OF MAIN CHANGES

Part III, Annex B Amended as per the test requirements

Part III, Annex H Amended as per the test requirements

Part III, Annex L Amended as per the test requirements

1.6 COMMENTS ON THIS DEP

Shell DEPs Online Enter the Shell DEPs Online system

DEP Standard Form Use DEP Standard Form 00.00.05.80‑Gen. to record

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1.7 DUAL UNITS

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PART II. GENERAL

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PART III. AMENDMENTS/SUPPLEMENTS TO ISO 21809-1:2018

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≥ 800 ≥ 32 3.7 (0.15) 2.5 (0.1)

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10. Coating system qualification

Properties Unit Test method High density Polypropylene Class C

Continuity — Annex B as Free of defects and discontinuities,

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Properties Unit Test method High density Polypropylene Class C

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11.3.5 Rough coat application

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12. Inspection and testing

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