ECOLOGICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT SYCTEM Objectives At the end of the chapter, students should be able to: 1. Define waste management. 2. Apply the 3 R's of waste management system, 3. Understand and apply the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of the Philippines. 4. Perform activities related to waste management. Waste Management Defined materials, usually ones produced human health or local aesthetics or n Waste materials’ effect on the natural world and the environme! Waste management is the collection, transport, processing, recycling or disposal of waste by human activity, in an effort to reduce their effect on amenity. A subfocus in recent decades has been to reduce nt and to recover resources trom them. Waste gement can involve solid, liquid or gaseous substances with different ste mana; methods and fields of expertise for each. 133nations, for urban and Waste management practices differ for developed and cere ‘Waste management rural areas, and for residential, industrial, and commercial producers. "TU ® usually the tor non hazardous residential and institutional waste in metropolitan 0a" Vt) fies responsibility of local government authorities, while management FOF commercial and industrial waste is usually the responsibility of the g' m one Transport or transportation is the movement of people and ee pes to another. The term is derived from the Latin trans (“across”) an ce ort waar cd Industries which have the business of providing equipment, mies eu ae People or goods and services used in transport of goods or people make bia pt important sector of most national economies, and are collectively referr — industries has the | Waste treatment refers to the activities required to ensure that ee ; desis practicable impact on the environment. In many countries various forms of waste nt are required by law. Recycling is the reprocessing of materials into new products. Recycling Prevents useful material resources being wasted, reduces the consumption of raw materials and reduces energy usage, and hence greenhouse gas emissions, compared to virgin production, Recycling is a key concept of modern waste management and is the third component of the waste hierarchy. Recyclable Materials, also called “recyclables” or “recyclates”, may originate from a wide range of sources including the home and industry. They include glass, paper, aluminium, asphalt, iron, textiles and plastics Biodegradable waste, such as food waste or garden waste, is also recyclable with the assistance of micro-organisms through composting or anaerobic digestion. Recyclates need to be sorted and separated into material types. Contamination of the recylates with other materials must be prevented to increase the recyclates value and facilitate easier reprocessing for the ultimate recycling facility, This sorting can be performed either by the fully-automated materials recovery facilities. Re: retain their existing form for other Purposes wit Producer of the waste or within semi- or cycling does not include reuse where items hout the need for reproducing, Benefits from Recycling Recycling is beneficial in two ways: it reduces the inputs Production system and reduces the amount of waste Produce (energy and raw materials) toa ed for disposal, Some materials like aluminum can be recycled indefinitely as there 1s no change to the materials. Other recycled materials like Paper require a Percentage of raw. Materials (wood fibers) to be added to compensate for the degradation of existing fibers, This reduces the environmental, social, and usually the economic Recycling aluminium saves 95% of the energy cost of Processing new aluminium because the melting temperature is reduced from 900 °C to 600 °C. It is by far the most efficient material to recycle. Costs of manufacturing. 134on) the pre enst CaNY = wn used methods tor be environmentally dam, ae ve of waste Doing aging and ste disposal (landfill, pyrolysis, incineratt hapowed en Att unsustainable. Therefore any way to reduce Ws fashion may be beneficial. de MAXIMUM ony nental benefit is KUM eNVITONMental bene! fit i produced), Rained by waste minimization (reducing the and reusing ng items in their current form such as refilling bottles. yaportant Concepts of Waste Management there are a number of of concepts ae sou waste management, which vary in their usage tion presents some of the most general, widely-used Waste hierarchy The waste hier rare a management cand fferatothe"3Rsreduce, ese andre which classify waste The waste hierarchy reas ae to their desirability in terms of waste minimization. s the cornerstone of most waste i uf tha alla Kiara G's a ne of most waste minimisation strategies. The } extract the maximum practical benefits fi 1 generate the minimum amount of waste. salah A and to mast tavoures enter ‘munimisation recycling leas! energy rec ergy recovery ‘opton ‘The 3 R's 1. Reduce (Waste minimisation) s the process and the policy of reducing the amount of waste produced by a person or a society. Itis pat of the wider aim of waste tration which is often described as a component of the waste hierarchy. rehy, the most effective polici Jy related to effort es and processes are at the top. Waste In the hierat ts to minimise resource and energy minimisation is also strong! us fommercial output, usually the fewer materials are used, the roduced. Waste minimisation usually requires knowledge of the re to-grave analysis (the tracking of materials from their arto earth) and detailed knowledge of the composition of For the same © less waste is P! production process extraction to their returt the waste. 135What is R.A. No. 9003? agement Act” provides the Republic Act No, 9003 or the “Ecological Solid West i vind ecological solid waste legal framework for the country’s systematic, SE et health and the environment. It management program that shall ensure protection of pul sete institutional mechanisms underscores, among other things, the need to create the necessa"¥ Trt. yrovisions, : cts ion of and incentives, as well as imposes penalties for acts in violat The salient features of R.A. No. 9003 ; co GSWMC) te a. Creation of the National Solid Waste Management pte Socal pe National Ecology Center (NEC) and the Solid Waste Poel be responsible in the province, city and municipality in the country. The NSWMC sI 7 Pe formulation of the National Solid Waste Management Framework an ; ae solid waste, in overseeing the implementation of solid waste management pl a ai f management of the solid waste management fund. The NEC, on the ot 1er ot : al be responsible for consulting, information, training and networking services relative to the implementation of R.A.No. 9003. The Solid Waste Management Board of provinces, cities and municipalities shall be responsible for the development of their respective solid waste management plans. Formulation of the National Solid Waste Management Framework; 10-year solid management plans by local government units consistent with the National Solid Waste s Management Framework; Mandatory segregation of solid waste to be conducted primarily at the source such as household, institutional, industrial, commercial and agricultural sources; 9 Setting of minimum requirements to ensure systematic collection and transport of wastes and the proper protection of the health of. garbage collectors; a e. Establishment of reclamati iJ . nies eclamation programs and buy-back centers for recyclable and toxic £. Promotion of eco-labeling in local products and services: . Prohibition on non-environmentally acceptable products and Packaging; Tom Establishment of Materials Recovery Facility in every barangay or cluster of b: of barangays; Prohibition against the use of open dumps; Setting of guidelines/criteria for the establishm nt of tablish; ae lent of controlled dumps and sanitary k. Provision of rewards, incentives both fiscal and non-fiscal, financi I A cial assistance, grants and the like to encourage LGUs and LG! the general canaement a 8 Public to undertake effective solid wastejow ca We help solve the sotig ‘aste problem? There are many Ways to do j ii gcological Waste Management: RED ey Tecommended formula is to adopt the 3Rs of anagement Commission) E, REUSE, AND RECYCLE. (National Solid Waste In addition to that, let US refrai, ioinclude but are not limited to the talons what have been prohibited under the law, a. Littering, throwing, dumpin, of canals, esteros, Ee Parks and establish b. Open burning of solid waste; Me materials in public places like roads, sidewalks, ents; c. Allowing the collection of non-segregated or unsorted waste; d. Squatting in open dumps and landfills; e, Open dumping or burying of | biodegradable and non-biodegradable materials in flood- prone areas; Unauthorized removal of recyclable material intended for collection by authorized persons; g. Mixing of source-separated recyclable material with other solid waste in any vehicle, box, container or receptacle used in solid waste collection or disposal; and h. Manufacture, distribution or use of non-environmentally acceptable packaging materials.