:Toxoplasma

Is gondii is an intracellular parasite that infects a wide range of warm-

blooded animals, including humans. It is the causative agent of
toxoplasmosis, a disease that can have varying clinical manifestations
depending on the immune status of the individual. Here is some
information on transmission, life cycle, pathogenesis, clinical features, and
diagnosis of Toxoplasma:

‫توكسوبالزما غوندي هو طفيل داخل الخاليا يصيب مجموعة واسعة توكسوبالزما‬

‫غوندي هو طفيل داخل الخاليا يصيب مجموعة واسعة من الحيوانات ذات الدم‬
‫ وهو مرض‬،‫ وهو العامل المسبب لمرض التوكسوبالزموز‬.‫ بما في ذلك البشر‬،‫الدافئ‬
‫ يمكن أن يظهر بأعرا العامل‬s.

- In immunocompromised individuals, such as those with HIV/AIDS or

undergoing organ transplantation, Toxoplasma can cause severe disease,
including encephalitis, pneumonia, and disseminated infection.

- Congenital toxoplasmosis can lead to severe neurological and ocular

complications in infants if the mother becomes infected during pregnancy.

4-Diagnosis

To diagnose toxoplasmosis, several methods can be employed:

- Serological tests: Detect antibodies (IgG and IgM) against Toxoplasma in
the blood. IgM antibodies indicate recent infection, while IgG antibodies
indicate past exposure or chronic infection.

- Molecular tests: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) can detect Toxoplasma

DNA in various clinical specimens, such as blood, cerebrospinal fluid, or
amniotic fluid.

- Histopathology: Examination of tissue samples (biopsy or autopsy) can

reveal the presence of Toxoplasma organisms or cysts