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I.

Introduction
A. Importance of financial markets and institutions
1. Primary channels which capital is allocated in our economy
B. Definition
1. Financial markets are structures through which funds flow
2. 2 Dimensions
a) Primary vs secondary
(1) PRIMARY = RAISED THROUGH NEW ISSUES OF
FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS SUCH AS STOcks and
bonds. Initial public offerings (IPO)
(2) Secondary = trade financial instruments once they are
used
b) Money vs capital market
(1) Money = useful life and maturity of less than 1 year
(2) Capital Market = more than 1 year
C. Foreign Exchange markets
1. FX risk is the sensitivity of the value of cash flows on foreign investments
to changes in currency
D. Derivative security markets
1. The Financial instruments value depends on the value of another asset
2. Traded in derivative security markets
E. Financial Market regulations
1. Regulations by the SEC
2. SEC monitors the trading of financial instruments
F. Financial Institutions (FI)
1. Perform the function of channeling funds with surplus to those with
shortages
2. Without FI, fund flow would be low due to:
a) Monitoring cost
b) Liquidity
c) Price risk
3. Benefits of FI
a) Reduced transaction cost
b) Credit allocation
c) Payment services
d) Maturity intermediation
G. Fintech
1. Use of technology to deliver financial solutions to compete traditional
methods
2. Examples such as Cryptocurrency

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