Charles Darwin published his paper “On the Origin of Species” in 1859.

It is one of the most

well-known pieces of scientific literature in human history. In the paper, Darwin proposes the
theory of natural selection. He states that for any generation of any species, there will always be
a struggle for survival. Individuals who are better suited to the environment are “fitter”, and
therefore have a much higher chance of surviving and reproducing. This means that later
generations are likely to inherit these stronger genetic traits.

"Chạt-les Đa-win phub-li-xit hiz pêi-pơ "Ôn đê O-ri-gin ơf Spi-cíz" in 1859. It iz wun ơv đê
mơs wêl-noun pi-sơz ơv sái-ên-tí-fíc lít-ra-choor in hyu-man hi-stơ-ri. In đê pêi-pơ, Đa-win
pro-pơz đê thi-ơ-ri ơv nát-chơ-rơl sê-lek-xion. Hì steits đat phor ê-ni ge-nơ-rei-xion ơv ê-ni
spí-si-z, đer wil ốl-wei-z bi ơ strạ-gơ phor sơ-vai-vơl. In-di-ví-dju-ơlz hu ar be-tơr su-teid tơ
đê ên-vi-ron-mờnt ar "fít-tơr", ơnd đe-fore hạv ơ mach hai-ơ chans ơv sơ-vai-vink ơnd re-
pro-duc-ing. Dis miins đat lei-tơr ge-nơ-rei-xionz ar laik-li tơ in-herit diz strọng-gơr jê-nê-
tíc treits."
Such cross-protection is usually seen between two animals. But Gore studies the same
sort of mutualism in microbes. He and his team demonstrated the first experimental
example of that cross-protective relationship in drug-resistant microbes, using two strains
of antibiotic-resistant E. coli bacteria: one resistant to ampicillin, the other to
chloramphenicol.
"Sạch krọs-pơr-tek-xion iz yu-zu-li sìin bi-tuìn tu a-ni-mols. Bạt Gor stu-dis đê seim sort ơv mỳu-
tu-líz-um in mị-crobs. Hì ơnd hiz tiim dem-ơn-streit-ed đê phơst ek-spẹ-rị-mên-tl eg-zạm-pl ơv đạt
krọs-prơ-têk-tiv ri-lê-shi-ơn-ship in drạg-rez-ịs-tơnt mị-crobs, yu-zing tuu strẹinz ơv ạn-ti-bai-ọ-
tik-rêz-tạn E. coli bạk-tí-ri-a: wun ri-zịs-tơnt tu ăm-pi-sí-lin, đê ọ-dẹr tu klô-rạm-fi-ni-kọl."

It’s not that human activities didn’t impact wildlife at all of course. Heavily hunted
species, like white-tailed deer, gray squirrels, and raccoons, were photographed
somewhat less often in hunted areas. Coyotes showed up more often in hunted areas.
While most species didn’t avoid hiking trails, the predators actually preferred them.
"It’s not đat hyu-mạn ắk-ti-vi-tiz didn’t im-pạkt wai-láif at ốl ơv kôs. Hê-vị-ly hạnt-ed spí-si-z, laik
wai-tê-têld di-ơ, grei skwơ-rếls, ơnd rác-kụns, wêr phô-tô-grạf-ed sơm-wạt les ốf-en in hạnt-ed ẹ-rị-
az. Cô-yốts xơud ap mô-r ốf-en in hạnt-ed ẹ-rị-az. Wail mô-st spí-si-z didn’t ê-void haik-ing treils,
đê prêd-ạ-tơrz ạk-chu-lị pi-phẹrd đem."

Shrimp farmers used to hold animals in nursery ponds for 30 to 60 days; now they try to
move them into grow-out ponds in less than 30 days. This reduces stress on the animals
and dramatically increases survivals in the grow-out ponds. Many farms that abandoned
nursery ponds have gone back to them, and the results have been surprisingly positive.
They're using the old, uncovered, earthen, nursery ponds.
"Shrimp phaa-mơz yuuzd tơ hôld ạn-i-mols in nắ-sơ-rị ponds phor 30 tơ 60 dêiz; now đê trai tơ muv đem
in-tu grô-ạut ponds in les đan 30 dêiz. Đis re-djus-iz stress on đê ạn-i-mols ơnd đrả-mạ-tịk-li in-kri-siz-
sur-vai-vôlz in đê grô-ạut ponds. Mẹ-ni phaamz đat ắ-ban-dạn nắ-sơ-rị ponds hêv gôn bạk tơ đem, ơnd đê
rị-zụltz hêv bin sơ-praiz-ing-li poz-ị-tiv. Đeir yuuz-ing đê ould, ạn-kả-vêr, ẹr-thên, nắ-sơ-rị ponds."
Usually, age is determined by physical characteristics, such as teeth or bones. Great, if
you have a body. Researchers have tried unsuccessfully to use blood. But in this study,
the scientists used immune cells called T-cells. T-cells recognize invaders through
receptors that match molecules on bacteria, viruses, even tumours. The cellular activity
that produces these receptors also produces a type of circular DNA molecule as a by-
product.
"Ỳu-zu-ạ-li, eij iz di-tơ-mịnd bai fị-zị-kâl kạ-rak-tế-rist-iks, sạch az ti-tê or bounz. Greit, if hyu hạv
ạ badi. Rị-sơrchers hạv trai-ed ạn-sạk-sẹs-fu-li tơ yuuz blạd. Bạt in đis stu-dị, đê sai-ợn-tists yuuzd
i-mun sẹlz kôld T-sẹlz. T-sẹlz rik-og-naiz in-vêi-dẹrz thrụ rị-sep-tơrz đạt match môl-ị-kyuls on bæk-
tịrịa, vaị-rụ-siz, i-vin tum-rz. Đê sê-lu-lạr ạk-tivi-ty đạt prọ-du-siz điz rị-sep-tơrz ọl-sơ prọ-du-siz ạ
tạip ơv sịr-kyu-lạr DNA mô-lị-kyul ạz ạ bai-prọ-dạkt."

DeLone and McLean's model has been criticized by some authors. Indeed, this model is
specific to contexts of voluntary use of information technology. The usage variable
remains a success variable of information systems if the user himself decides to adopt or
reject the technology. However, for mandatory uses, such as for ERP systems, the use of
the technology is obvious. The success of information systems cannot, therefore, be
measured by usage.
"DeLone ần McLean's model hás bí krit-ị-sáizd bái sôm á-đờrz. In-dí-d, díz mố-del íz spê-sí-fíc tơ
kôn-têksts ởf vố-lủn-tả-ri yuuz ởf in-phôr-méi-shọn ték-nô-lờ-jí. Đê yú-sịj vá-rị-ạ-bl ri-méinz ở sắk-
sés vá-rị-ạ-bl ởf in-phôr-méi-shọn sís-tầmz if đê yú-zơ hím-sélf dị-sáidz tơ ơdápt ỏr ri-jékt đê ték-
nô-lờ-jí. Hạu-ẹv-ơr, pho mãn-dá-tờ-ri yú-sịz, sắch ạz pho ERP sís-tầmz, đê yuuz ởf đê ték-nô-lờ-jí íz
ờb-vị-ơs. Đê sắk-sés ởf in-phôr-méi-shọn sís-tầmz kán-nốt, phê-rơ, bí mé-zhơd bái yú-sịj."

The researchers think that long-distance fliers such as the American golden-plover and
the white-rumped sandpiper picked up the spores while lining their nests. Then when the
birds arrive in new places they molt, leaving behind the feathers and their precious cargo,
to start growing again at the other end of the world.
"Đê rị-sờrch-ơrz thínk đát lông-dịs-tạns flái-ờrz sắch ắz đê Ạ-mế-ri-kần gôl-dẹn-plơ-vợr ạn đê wáit-rầmp-d
sanp-pip-ờr pịkt ắp đê spốrz ụáil lai-nịng đêir nests. Đên wén đê bờrdz ở-rai-v in nủ plêis đê mölt, li-vịng bị-
haind đê fẹ-dơrz ần đêir prê-shờs că-gờ, tơ stạt grơ-ing ɡɛn ắt đê ọ-dẹr ẹnd ốf đê wờrld."

The initial thud comes from when those dorsal bursae collide. And the reverberation
results from the vibrations that linger when the tissues pull apart. But Thode the younger
says the bursae have to be somewhat sticky for the clapping together and snapping apart
to produce a noise with the correct loudness and pitch. That stickiness comes courtesy of
the mucus.
"Đê i-nị-shắl thụd kămz frơm wên dhôz dorsal bờr-sāi kờ-laid. Ẹnd đê rê-vế-bơr-ẹi-shắn ri-zợlts
frơm đê vải-bréi-șầnz dhắt lỉn-gờ wên đê tị-shụz phúl ắ-pạrt. Bát Thơd đê yưng-gơr sẹz đê bờr-sāi
hằv tơ bí sầm-wốt stị-kī phơr đê clạ-ping tơ-ged-ứ ẹnd snạp-ping ắ-pạrt tơ prơ-dụs ạ nọi-z with đê
cơ-rếct lơud-nợs ẹnd pịch. Đát stị-kī-nẹs kămz kờr-tẹ-si ốv đê myư-kơs."

The caterpillars that feed on trees are trying to match the hatching of their eggs to the
timing of budburst. The caterpillars want to feed on the juiciest and least chemically
protected leaves. And it's not just the caterpillars, of course, that are important. But the
knock-on effect is on nesting birds, which are also trying to hatch their chicks at the same
time that there's the maximum number of caterpillars.
"Đê cắ-tơr-pị-lờrz dhắt fīd ọn trīz ạ try-ing tơ match đê hách-ing ơv đêir ẹgz tơ đê tái-ming ơv bụd-bơrst. Đê
cắ-tơr-pị-lờrz wánt tơ fīd ọn đê jụ-ī-sỉt ẹnd líst kẹ-mị-cờ-li prơ-tẹk-tẹd lívz. Ẹnd ít's nạt jơst đê cắ-tơr-pị-lờrz,
ốf kốs, dhắt ạr im-pơrt-ạn. Bạt đê nốk-ọn ị-fẹkt iz ọn nẹst-ing bờrdz, wịch ạr ọl-sờ try-ing tơ hách đêir chịkz
ạt đê sêm tái-ming dhắt dhêr's đê mắk-sỉm nạm-bơr ơf cắ-tơr-pị-lờrz."

While killing gorillas is already illegal in the country, declaring the subspecies as
critically endangered would probably bring more funding and support for saving it.
Protecting the entirety of the gorilla’s 7,700-square-mile territory would no doubt prove
impossible, but Dr. Plumptre and his colleagues are talking with the government and
community leaders about establishing two new protected areas that would encompass 60
percent of the remaining gorillas’ habitat.
"Wáil kil-ing gó-ril-lắs íz ốl-rẹd-i il-lí-gồl in đê kần-tri, di-klêr-ing đê săb-spí-siz ắz krít-i-kờ-li ến-
dan-jởd wud prơb-ắ-bli bríng mố fán-dịng ẹnd sơ-pốrt phơr sế-vịng ít. Prơ-tếk-ting đê ền-tí-ri-ti ốv
đê gó-ril-lắz 7,700-squơr-mái-ợ-ter-ri wud no dout prúv im-pơ-si-bờl, bạt Dr. Plụmp-tri ẹnd hiz kồ-
lịgz ár tốk-ing with đê gờ-vờrn-mờnt ẹnd kờ-mủ-nỉtị lê-dếrz ẹ-bao-t ể-stab-lịsh-ing tốo nủ prơ-tếk-
tid ế-ri-ắz đắt wud ện-kom-pếs 60 pếr-sent ốv đê ri-mế-níng gó-ril-lắz’ há-bí-tất."

Most succulent plants are found in regions where there is little rainfall, dry air, plenty of
sunshine, porous soils and high temperatures during part of the year. These conditions
have caused changes in plant structures, which have resulted in greatly increased
thickness of stems, leaves and sometimes roots, enabling them to store moisture from the
infrequent rains.
"Mốt sắk-ki-lợnt plắnts ạr phaund in ri-dzẹnz wẹr dếr íz lí-tl rếin-fấl, đrại ếr, plếnti ốv sơn-shain,
pó-rơs sóilz ẹnd hài tếm-pờr-ế-chơrz dị-rịng pạrt ốv đê yỉr. Đi-z kồn-dí-shọn hắv kôzd chếin-jíz in
plằnt strắk-chơrz, wịch hắv ri-zảl-tẹd in grết-li in-krisd thịk-níss ốv stếmz, lī-vz ẹnd sấm-taimz ru-
ts, ẹn-ei-bling đem tơ stớr mọi-st-er frừm đê in-frik-wên-reinz."

Modern buildings have to achieve certain performance requirements, at least to satisfy

those of building codes, to provide a safe, healthy, and comfortable environment.
However, these conditioned environments demand resources in energy and materials,
which are both limited in supply, to build and operate.
"Mố-dern bịl-dịngz hắv tơ ắ-chị-v ầ-certain pờ-fơr-mầnz ri-kwái-r-mờnts, ẹt lí-st tơ sắ-tis-phài đốz
ốv bịl-dịng kờdz, tơ prơ-vaid ạ sếif, hél-thị, ẹnd kầmf-tờ-bờl ển-vai-rờn-mờnt. Hầu-ểv-ơr, dhiz kơn-
di-shọn đi-mần re-sờr-sịz in ẹn-ơr-gị ẹnd mặ-tí-ri-ơls, wịch ấr bóth lim-ỉ-ted in sụp-lai, tơ bịld ẹnd
ốp-ờr-ệt."

Free trade is an economic policy under which the government does not interfere with
trade. No tariffs are applied to imports or exports, and people are allowed to trade goods
and services as they please. Supply and demand dictates the prices for which goods and
services sell and are the only factors that determine how resources are allocated in
society.
"Frí trếid iz ạn ị-kơ-nôm-ik pố-li-sì und-đơ wịch đê gờv-ờrn-mờnt dắz not ín-tơr-fír wịd trếid. Nó
tấ-rifz ấ-r ạ-plaid tơ ịm-pốrts ốr ếk-spốrts, ẹnd pí-pơl ấr ạ-láo tơ trếid gúdz ẹnd sếr-vị-siz ấz đêi
plíz. Sự-plai ẹnd dí-mầnd dí-kếts đê prắi-siz fơ wịch gúdz ẹnd sếr-vị-siz sếl ẹnd ấr đê ốn-lị fắk-tơrz
đạt đế-tờ-min hâu ri-sờr-sịz ấr ạ-lơ-kêi-ted in sộ-saị-ti."

As to the Industrial Revolution, one cannot dispute today the fact that it has succeeded in
inaugurating in a number of countries a level of mass prosperity which was undreamt of
in the days preceding the Industrial Revolution. But, on the immediate impact of
Industrial Revolution, there were substantial divergences among writers.
"As tơ dhê Ỉn-dú-strí-ơl Ri-vô-lu-shọn, wần kế-nất dí-s-piu-tơ tơ-dei dhê fắt đát íz ít hắz sức-sí-did
in ín-ô-gờ-rra-ting in ấ năm-bờr ốv kần-tríz ạ lề-vờl ốv mặs prơ-s-pế-rí-ti wích waz ạn-dri-mt ốv in
dhê dếiz pri-sí-dế-ing dhê Ỉn-dú-strí-ơl Ri-vô-lu-shọn. Bát, ọn dhê í-mí-di-ạt ịm-pắkt ốv Ỉn-dú-strí-
ơl Ri-vô-lu-shọn, dhêr wêr sạb-stận-chờl dí-vẻr-jắn-siz ạ-mờng raít-ờrz."

At the beginning of each fiscal year funds are allocated to each State account in
accordance with the University’s financial plan. Funds are allocated to each account by
object of expenditure. Account managers are responsible for ensuring that adequate funds
are available in the appropriate object before initiating transactions to use the funds.
"At dhê bí-gin-ing ốv ịch fí-sị-ơl yía phí-l phầnz ấr ả-lơ-kếi-tid tơ ịch Stết ắ-kaunt in ắ-côr-dẩns
wídh dhê Ỳ-ni-vơr-sị-ti’z fai-nan-shẩl plần. Phầnz ấr ắ-lơ-kếi-tid tơ ịch ắ-kaunt bai ớb-jik-t ốv ek-
spén-dí-tơr. Ắ-kaunt mắ-nả-gờrz ấ-r ri-spon-sờ-bờl phơr in-shứ-ring dhẩt ắ-dỉ-kwết phầnz ấ-r ắ-
vail-ả-bờl in dhê ấ-pró-prị-ờt ớb-jik-t bí-pho ỉ-ní-shi-ết-ing trần-sắk-shờnz tơ yuuz dhê phầnz."

For any marketing course that requires the development of a marketing plan, such as
Marketing Management, Marketing Strategy and Principles of Marketing. This is the
only planning handbook that guides students through step by step creation of a
customized marketing plan while offering commercial software to aid in the process.
"Fơr ế-ni mắ-kế-ting kôrs dhắt rí-kwai-rz dhê dí-vế-lờp-mờnt ốv ạ mắ-kế-ting plần, sắch ắz Mắ-kế-
ting Mặn-ờ-ment, Mắ-kế-ting Strặ-ti-gí ẹnd Prí-n-sỉ-pờlz ốv Mắ-kế-ting. Đis íz dhê ốn-lỉ plắn-ing
hần-bụk dhắt gaidz stú-dếnts thrụ stếp bai stếp criei-ế-sỉn ốv ạ kạs-tộ-mái-zd mắ-kế-ting plần wáil
ố-phê-ring kấm-mờr-shảl sóph-tờ-wềr tơ êid in dhê prơ-ses."