Flashcards for NEET Biology: Biomolecules

Acidic- Glu, Asp

Amino acids Basic- Lys, Arg, His
Aromatic- Tyr, Trp, Phe

Palmitic acid (16 C)

Saturated fatty acids
Stearic acid (18 C)

Oleic acid (18:1)

Linoleic acid (18:2)
Unsaturated fatty acids 𝛼-Linolenic acid (18:3)
Arachidonic acid (20:4)
 Flashcards for NEET Biology: Biomolecules

Diglycerides and phosphate

group attached to third
hydroxyl of glycerol.
Phospholipids
Lecithin (Phosphatidylcholine)
Cephalin

Heteropolymer of 20 amino
acids, linked by peptide
Proteins bonds
Essential-9, nonessential-11

Purine base- Adenine,

Guanine
Nitrogenous base Pyrimidine base- Thymine
(DNA), Cytosine, Uracil
(RNA)
 Flashcards for NEET Biology: Biomolecules

Nitrogenous base + sugar

Ribose sugar in RNA

Deoxyribose sugar in DNA
Nucleosides
Examples: Adenosine,
guanosine, thymidine,
cytidine, uridine

Nitrogenous base + sugar

+ phosphate
Nucleotides
Adenylic acid, cytidylic
acid, etc.

Nucleotides linked
with 3’-5’
DNA and RNA
phosphodiester
linkage
 Flashcards for NEET Biology: Biomolecules

RuBisCO- Ribulose
The most abundant bisphosphate
protein Carboxylase-
Oxygenase

The most abundant

Collagen
protein in animals

Polymer of glucose linked

Starch by 𝛼-1,4-glycosidic bond
Amylose and amylopectin
 Flashcards for NEET Biology: Biomolecules

Highly branched
Glycogen
glucose polymer

Linear polymer of
Cellulose glucose linked by
β-1,4-glycosidic bonds.

Inulin Polymer of fructose

 Flashcards for NEET Biology: Biomolecules

Polymer of N-
Chitin
acetylglucosamine

Ribozyme Catalytic RNA

Inhibitor binds to enzyme

due to structural similarity
with the substrate
Competitive inhibitor E.g. Malonate inhibits
succinic dehydrogenase.
Here substrate is
succinate.
 Flashcards for NEET Biology: Biomolecules

Facilitate hydrolysis of
bonds such as glycosidic,
peptide, ester, ether, etc.
Hydrolases
E.g. amylase, lipase,
nuclease, protease

Non-protein part required

for enzyme activity
Cofactors
Apoenzyme- Protein part
of the enzyme

Tightly bound to
apoenzyme
Prosthetic group
E.g. haem group present
in catalase, peroxidase
 Flashcards for NEET Biology: Biomolecules

Bind to apoenzyme
transiently
Coenzymes
E.g. NAD, NADP

Metal ions as a
Zn in carboxypeptidase
cofactor