EXP.NO.

03 POWER ELECTRONICS LAB

Single Phase AC Voltage Controller with R and RL Loads

OBJECTIVE:
To study the operation and performance of single phase AC voltage
regulator with R, RL load.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:

S.No Equipment
1 Device module
2 Resistive load
3 Firing circuit
4 Load inductor
5 CRO

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

EXPECTED WAVEFORMS:

Fig-7(a) Single Phase AC Regulator with discontinuous current mode

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Fig-7(b) Single Phase AC Regulator with Continuous current mode

FORMULA TO BE USED:

For R-Load:
RMS output voltage for R load is given by

Vrms = Vm / √2 [1/П {(П – α) + 0.5 sin 2 α}]1/2

Where,
Vm=maximum input voltage in volts
α= Triggering angle in degrees

For RL-Load:
RMS output voltage for RL load is given by

Vrms = Vm / √2 [1/П {(β – α) - 0.5 sin 2 α – 0.5sin2β}]1/2

Where,
Vm=maximum input voltage in volts
α= Triggering angle in degrees
β =Extinction angle in degrees

THEORY:

The AC regulators are used to obtain a variable ac output voltage from a

fixed AC source. A single phase AC regulator consists of two SCRs connected in
anti parallel (back to back). Instead of two SCRs, a triac may be used. The single-
phase AC regulators are used in electronic fan control, heating control etc.

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The operation of the circuit is explained with RL load. During positive half
cycle SCR1 is triggered into conduction at a firing angle dealy α. The current raises
slowly due to the load inductance. The current continue to flow even after the
supply voltage reverses polarity because of the stored energy in the inductor.
As long as SCR1 conducts, conduction drop across it, will reverse bias
SCR2. Hence SCR2 will not turn on even if gating signal is applied. SCR2 can be
triggered into conduction during negative half cycle after SCR1, turns off. The
relevant waveforms are shown in fig. for continuous current and discontinuous
current modes of operation respectively.

PROCEDURE:

CONNECTION PROCEDURE:

FOR R-LOAD:
1.Connect cathode K1 of SCR1 to anode A3 of SCR3.
2.Connect anode A1 of SCR1 to cathode K3 of SCR3.
3.Connect 24V AC output P terminal to Anode A1 of SCR1.
4.Connect load resistor R1 end to cathode K1 os SCR1.
5.Connect load resistance R2 end to N terminal of 24V AC output.
6.Connect CRO probe across the load terminal R1 and R2.
7.Connect voltmeter or digital multimeter across the load terminals.

PULSE PATCHING:

GATTING SIGNAL SCR TERMINAL

G1 G1
K1 K1
G3 G3
K3 K3

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE:
1.Switch ON the trainer power ON/OFF switch.
2.Switch ON the 24V AC ON/OFF switch.
3.Switch ON the debounce logic switch.
4.Vary the control voltage knob minimum to maximum step by step.
5.For each step note down the output voltage, firing angle and tabulate using table1.
6.Then find out the calculated output voltage using the formula given above and
check whether measured one.

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TABLE1

S.No Firing angle Output Calculated

. (α) Voltage(V0) output voltage

CONNECTION PROCEDURE:

FOR RL-LOAD:
1.Connect cathode K1 of SCR1 to anode A3 of SCR3.
2.Connect anode A1 of SCR1 to cathode K3 of SCR3.
3.Connect 24V AC output P terminal to Anode A1 of SCR1.
4.Connect load resistor R1 end to cathode K1 os SCR1.
5.Connect load resistance R2 end to L1 end of load inductor.
6.Connect load inductor L2 end to N terminal terminal of 24V AC output.
7.Connect CRO probe across the load terminal RL Load.
8.Connect voltmeter or digital multimeter across the RL load terminals.

PULSE PATCHING:

GATTING SIGNAL SCR TERMINAL

G1 G1
K1 K1
G3 G3
K3 K3

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE:
1.Switch ON the trainer power ON/OFF switch.
2.Switch ON the 24V AC ON/OFF switch.
3.Switch ON the debounce logic switch.
4.Vary the control voltage knob minimum to maximum step by step.
5.For each step note down the output voltage, firing angle, extinction angle and
tabulate using table2.
6.Then find out the calculated output voltage using the formula given above and
check whether measured one.

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TABLE-2

S.No. Firing Extinction Output Calculated

angle(α) angle(β) Voltage( output voltage
V0)

RESULT:

Hence we studied the operation and performance of single phase AC

voltage regulator with R, RL load & also observed the waveforms.

VIVA QUESTIONS:

1. Which type of commutation used in AC regulator.

2. What is the supply for this?
3. Give some applications of the voltage regulator.
4. How many SCRs require for regulator.
5. Difference between cycloconverter and regulator.

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