TARLAC STATE UNIVERSITY – College of Engineering & Technology

Civil Engineering Department

Engr. Orlando Cruz Sico Jr.

CEA243 – Engineering Utilities 2 Common drainage pipes and fittings materials

MODULE 3______________________________ used
a. Asbestos Cement Pipe (ACP)
PLUMBING MATERIALS DRAINAGE PIPE AND b. Cast Iron Soil Pipe (CISP)
FITTINGS c. Concrete pipe
Drainage pipe d. Vitrified Clay Pipe
It is the pipe that conveys waste from the building e. Plastic Pipe
to an approved point of disposal. i. Polyethylene (PE)
ii. Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
Drainage Fittings iii. Acrylonitrile- Butadiene- Styrene
These are pipe accessories in the drainage system (ABS)
such as a coupling, bend, wye, etc.; used to join two f. Iron Pipe Size (IPS)- Iron, Steel, Brass
or more pipes together or to change their directions. g. Lead
i. Safe span is 10.56 kg/m2 and
TYPES OF DRAINAGE PIPES 1.6mm thick
1. Waste pipe – A pipe which carries only liquid ii. For flushing or vent terminals-
waste, free of human excrement or fecal matter. 14.63 kg/m2 and 1.2 mm thick
iii. Lead bends and lead trap shall not
2. Soil pipe – A pipe which carries the waste from be less than 3.2mm in wall
water closets, urinals or fixtures of similar function thickness.
to the building drain. This contains human
excrements. ASBESTOS CEMENT PIPE
This type of pipe is made of asbestos fibers
3. Storm pipe – A pipe which convey rainwater from combined under pressure with Portland cement and
the roof gutter and down spout to the building silica to form a dense and homogeneous material. It
storm drain. is dense cured for strength.

4. Vent pipe – A pipe connected to the drainage TYPES OF ASBESTOS CEMENT PIPE
system that conveys air to and from the system and
keep the water from being siphoned from the trap.

Branch – is the drainage pipe that runs horizontally.

Stack – is the vertical drainage pipe.

The selection of piping materials for the drainage

system depends on the following:

1. Pressure
2. Velocity
3. Temperature
4. Corrosiveness of the medium conveyed within 1. Pressure A.C. Pipe- is used for sewer mains,
5. Initial cost industrial effluent and process piping,
6. Installation cost working pressure ranges at 100, 150, and
7. Operating problem
200 psi.

MODULE 3. Plumbing Materials

TARLAC STATE UNIVERSITY – College of Engineering & Technology
Civil Engineering Department
Engr. Orlando Cruz Sico Jr.

2. Non-pressure A.C. Pipe- is used for sewer Note:

casings for electric cables and as storm Asbestos cement pipe (ACP) is remarkably
drains. suited for embedment in concrete structure since
both materials have the same properties.

COMMON TYPES OF PIPE FITTINGS

1. Bends (elbows) – It is use to complete

change of direction in soil, waste and drain
lines in horizontal, vertical and diagonal
directions.

2. Y (wye) branches – It is use for change of

direction (diagonal) and branch
connections of soil, waste and drain pipes.

3. T (tee) branches – It is use to join 3 or 4

pipes at perpendicular directions.

CAST IRON SOIL PIPE

Cast iron soil pipe (CISP) is made from an
alloy of iron, carbon and silicon, with the controlled
amounts of manganese, sulfur and phosphorous.
This is primarily used for sanitary drain, waste and
storm systems.

CLASSIFICATIONS OF CAST IRON SOIL PIPE

1. Class A – Extra Heavy (xh) – is often used
for underground applications.

2. Class B – Service weight (SV) – is used for

general building installations.

TYPES OF CAST IRON SOIL PIPE

Single hub- is equipped with one hub and one
spigot end and used in the installation of
plumbing in its full length.

MODULE 3. Plumbing Materials

TARLAC STATE UNIVERSITY – College of Engineering & Technology
Civil Engineering Department
Engr. Orlando Cruz Sico Jr.

Double hub – is constructed with a hub on

each end so it may be cut into two pieces
when a short piece of pipe is needed.

Hubless (no hub) – there is no hub on either

ends of the pipe, it is used in lieu of the single
hub calking of the pipe is difficult.

PROPERTIES
• Available diameter (Nom. I.D.) 2”, 3 ”, 4”, 5”, 6”,
8”, 10”, 12”, 15”
• Hydrostatic Test: 50 psi for service weight 100
psi for extra heavy
• Length: 5’ and 10’

TYPES OF JOINTS FOR CAST IRON SOIL PIPE

1. Lead and Oakum (calk joint)
2. Neoprene Compression gasket
3. Stainless Steel Couplings (for Hubless pipe)
*HUB- that portion of the pipe which, for a short
distance, is sufficiently enlarged to receive the end of
another pipe of the same diameter for the purpose of
making a joint. It is also known as Bell.

*SPIGOT- the end of the pipe that fits into a bell or

spigot.

*Oakum – a hemp treated with pitch to make it moisture

proof and resistant to the elements contained in the
waste.

*Calking - plugging an opening with oakum and lead that

are pounded into place.

MODULE 3. Plumbing Materials

TARLAC STATE UNIVERSITY – College of Engineering & Technology
Civil Engineering Department
Engr. Orlando Cruz Sico Jr.

TYPES OF CONCRETE PIPE

1. Non-reinforced concrete pipe- is used for

drainage, sewer lines and for gravityflow water
supply lines if the joints are carefully made.
Diameters available range from 100mm. (4”) to
900mm (36”).

2. Reinforced concrete pipe (RCP)- is made by the

addition of steel wire or steel bars and is primarily
used for sewage and storm drainage. Diameters
available range from 300mm (12”) to 3600mm
(144”)

VITRIFIED CLAY PIPE

CONCRETE PIPE
Concrete pipe is cast in metal molds and
compacted by tamping or spinning the molds
(centrifugal casting).
Vitrified clay pipe is extruded from a
suitable grade of shale or clay and fired in kilns
producing an extremely hard and dense corrosion
resistant material. It is generally used for
underground public sewers, house sewers, drainage
(sanitary and storm) systems and for industrial
wastes such as acids.
Vitrified clay pipe is suitable for most
gravity-flow systems and is not intended for
pressure service. It is brittle and cracks when laid on
unstable ground or base.

MODULE 3. Plumbing Materials

TARLAC STATE UNIVERSITY – College of Engineering & Technology
Civil Engineering Department
Engr. Orlando Cruz Sico Jr.

2. Thermo Plastic- is a material having the

property of softening when heated and
hardening when cooled.

TYPES OF PLASTIC PIPES FOR DRAINAGE SYSTEM

1. Polyethylene (PE)- the high density P.E. spiral
pipe (HDPE) is used as drainage and sewer pipe for
housing complex, playground, golf course,
industrial farm and stock farm.

It is sufficiently flexible to
follow ground contours of
snake around obstacles.

PLASTIC PIPES
Plastic pipe is available in compositions designed
for various applications including drain, waste and
vent. (DWV)

BASIC TYPES OF PLASTIC PIPE

1. Thermosel Plastic- has the property of

being permanently rigid. Epoxy and fiber
glass are example of this.

MODULE 3. Plumbing Materials

TARLAC STATE UNIVERSITY – College of Engineering & Technology
Civil Engineering Department
Engr. Orlando Cruz Sico Jr.

2. Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)- is a thermoplastic type

which is composed of molecules of polymers. Each
molecule is a long chain made of carbon, hydrogen
and other atoms which are melted down and
molded.

Advantages:
1. High Impact Resistance
2. Non – corrosive
3. Lightweight
4. High Chemical Resistance
5. Smooth Pipe Surface
6. Economical

TYPES OF PVC PIPES USED FOR DRAINAGE

1. uPVC Sanitary pipes (unplasticized)-
(DWV) is designed for above and
underground sanitary piping system. It is
ideal for drain, waste and vent installation.

2. uPVC Sewer Pipe- can be used for main

sewer system and other underground
waste piping system which requires big
diameter pipes.

MODULE 3. Plumbing Materials

TARLAC STATE UNIVERSITY – College of Engineering & Technology
Civil Engineering Department
Engr. Orlando Cruz Sico Jr.

BASIC PLUMBING TOOLS FOR DRAINAGE

PIPES AND FITTINGS

THE COMMON TOOLS USED IN THE

DRAINAGE PIPES AND FIITINGS ARE:

1. Hacksaw
2. Closet auger
3. Plunger
4. Rule
5. Blow torch
6. Lead pot
7. Pouring ladle
8. Joint runner
9. Ball peen hammer
10. Cold chisel
11. Caulking irons
12. Soldering copper
13. Tin snip
14. Plumb bob
15. Plumb level
16. File

MODULE 3. Plumbing Materials