Code of Practice Traffic Control at Work Zone PART 1 Traffic Control ~ and Road Safety “SECTION 2 Fundamental Principles of Traffic Control 1st June 2001 Edition Land Transport AuthorityAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electrical, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise or stored in any retrieval system of any nature, without prior written permission of the Land Transport Authority. Amendments issued since publication ‘Amendment Date of No. Amendment Text affectedPart 1 Section 2 - Fundamental Principles of Traffic Control SECTION 2: FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF TRAFFIC CONTROL Purpose 2 Safe Road Environment ... 2 Minimum Risk..... KI Planning Ahead .. 4 Good Traffic Control Plan (TCP) 5 Effective Traffic Control Devices (TCD) 6 ‘Trained Personnel... 6 7 Worker Safety Pedestrian Safety Vehicles and Equipment Safety Code of Practice for Traffic Control at Work Zone 12-1Part 1 Section 2 - Fundamental Principles of Traffic Control Purpose 1, _ [tis not possible to provide standards and applications to cover all conditions. A good understanding of the following fundamental principles is essential for good traffic control at Work Zone. Complying with the fundamental principles shall take precedence over standard details and typical applications. SEV Or Cm stinerenucaeds 2. Provide a safe road environment that is able to: UL. O IV. WARN — road users in advance of changing road environment. INFORM — road users of the conditions to be encountered. GUIDE — road users through unusual sections of road, CONTROL ~ road users at conflict points. FORGIVE — errant road users inappropriate behaviour. Code of Practice for Traffic Control at Work ZonePart 1 Section 2 - Fundamental Principles of Traffic Control A etet bert as at 4 3. Risk shall be minimized by ensuring: Mm IV. Vi. NO SURPRISE! NO HIDDEN TRAPS FREE OF UNFORGIVING HAZARDS A CONTROLLED RELEASE OF INFORMATION CONSISTENT MESSAGES and repeats to reinforce messages. GOOD VISIBILIT under all road conditions, Adam Road/Pan Island Expressway. Code of Practice for Traffic Control at Work Zone 12Part 1 Section 2 - Fundamental Principles of Traffic Control Planning 4. eu Traffic control requirements at work zone shall be planned in advance at the following phases: — L Planning and Design Phase — To identify and incorporate traffic control requirements into contract specification (Design, Works Program and Method of Construction). Il. Start of Construction Phase — To integrate traffic control into the planning processes. Work program, construction method and traffic control scheme are interrelated. Ill. Start of Every Major Phase — To re-examine and adjust traffic control scheme to suit prevailing site condition, ‘Telok Blangah Road. Code of Practice for Traffic Control at Work ZoneGood Traf Part 1 Section 2 - Fundamental Principles of Traffic Control Traffic Control Plan (TCP) shall be designed for effective traffic control by: — 1. Designing traffic control plan in advance — To develop the TCP in detail at the beginning of each phase so that it can be integrated into the work program and construction method. A feasible temporary traffic control plan shall be provided for at the tender stage. 1. Complying with basic design principles of permanent roads ~ To route traffic through a work zone similar to a normal road. Il. Exercising sound engineering judgement — To take into consideration the unique characteristics of each work site, Standards and guides cannot substitute for good engineering judgement by a qualified engineer. Adam Road/ Pan Island Expressway. Code of Practice for Traffic Control at Work Zone 125Part | Section 2 - Fundamental Principles of Traffic Control Effective Traffic Control Devic a0} 6. Design, place, operate and maintain Traffic Control Devices (TCD) effectively to meet the basic requirements of: I. Fulfilling a need — To serve the purpose of warning, informing and guiding road users. I, Commanding attention — To draw the attention of road users to the devices. Ml. Conveying a clear and simple message — To make sure that road users understand the message easily. IV, Commanding respect — To gain the respect of road users so that they Will prrective use of traffic control devices. obey instructions. V. Allowing adequate time for proper responses — To allow road users to respond in an orderly and predictable manner. ained Personnel 1. 1-2-6 Employ only qualified and competent persons for traffic control I. Person with authority — Appoint a person with authority to control the progress and to be overall in-charge. UL. Trained site supervisors — Supervisors shall be fully trained and be conversant with safe methods of work. He shall be appointed to supervise the selection, placement, operation, maintenance and removal of the traffic control devices. Code of Practice for Tralfie Control at Work ZonePart 1 Section 2 - Fundamental Principles of Traffic Control I. Trained workers ~ Workers shall be fully trained and be conversant with safe methods of placing, operating, maintaining and removing devices on the road, Workers should be fully trained on the safe procedures to install and remove devices. Nel a aan F Kia 8. Every effort should be made to protect workers by I. Training all workers on the basics of road safety — To ensure that they obey traffic rules and behave safely whilst working on roads, Il. Informing motorists of the workers’ presence — To caution and inform road users through traffic signs that workers are working on site and they should be extra careful. Code of Practice for Traffic Control at Work Zone LerPart 1 Section 2 - Fundamental Principles of Traffic Control Ill. Placing continuous barricades along workspace ~ To separate workers from traffic and to prevent them from straying or accidentally encroaching onto traffic space during work, Prevent machineries from encroaching into traffic space during work IV. Providing appropriate means for access ~ To prevent workers from taking risks when entering or leaving the work zone especially along high-speed roads. V. Placing temporary safety barriers — To protect workers from vehicular traffic, ‘Adam Road/Pan Island Expressway. 8 Code of Practice for Traffic Control at Work ZonePart 1 Section 2 - Fundamental Principles of Traffic Control VI. Reducing vehicular speed — To obtain Authority's approval to reduce vehicular speed if it is deemed necessary for the safety of the workers and road users. Installing Speed Limit traffic sign to reduce vehicle speed through work zone. VII. Providing proper lighting for night work — To ensure that the work site is visible at night for the safety of the workers and road users. Lighting used shall not cause glare to road users. VIII. Providing protection by a lead vehicle on expressway ~ To warn oncoming traffic and to shield workers in front with a lead vehicle. To shield workers and divert oncoming traffic with a shadow vehicle. IX. Providing workers with highly visible clothing ~ To improve conspicuousness and to be highly visible by day and night. Code of Practice for Traffic Control at Work Z 129Part 1 Section 2 - Fundamental Principles of Traffic Control Pedestrian Safety 9. Every effort shall be made to separate pedestrians from work site activity and adjacent traffic, by providing: I. Advance informat in signs — To direct pedestrians to a safe road crossing, I. A well-lit covered walkway ~ To protect pedestrians from falling debris, especially during long-term work. Covered walkways should be sturdily constructed and well-lit. Il, A smooth and clearly delineated travel path similar to a normal footpath ~— To encourage pedestrians to use it IV. Continuous fencing or barricades — To keep pedestrians from potential injury or interference with the work activity and vehicle movement. Cecil Street/ Marwell Road V. Continuous barricades ~ To separate pedestrians from traffic or prevent accidental encroachment into traffic when the footpath is diverted adjacent to traffic. VI. Temporary safety barrier — To protect vulnerable pedestrians from vehicular traffic, 12-10 Code of Practice for Traffic Control at Work ZonePart 1 Section 2 - Fundamental Principles of Traffic Control VII. Watchmen, temporary traffic control devices and/or audible warning devices — To control the movement of works vehicles and equipment across pedestrians’ pathway. VN CaCRMA ECCT All vehicles and equipment used on site shall not pose safety hazards to both road users and workers by: — I. Controlling work traffic — Provide portable traffic signals to control vehicular traffic movement, Tl. Controlling parking — Provide safe designated parking space for work vehicles, plants and equipment within work site to prevent them from causing obstruction to others. Til, Improving conspicuousness — Display revolving amber lights whenever vehicles or equipment are in operation to improve day and night visibility and to alert road users Increase conspicuousness of slow-moving vehicle using amber rotating lights, flashing arrow panel and retroreftective bands Code of Practice for Traffie Control at Work Zone teatPart 1 Section 2 - Fundamental Principles of Traffic Control IV. Regular inspection — Provide a Safety Inspection Vehicle loaded with additional devices to replace damaged devices regularly. V. Fitting all protective vehicles with truck mounted attenuators and large arrow panel with amber lights ~ To be more forgiving to errant drivers and improve road safety. Example of truck-mounted attenuator fitted with arrow panel and amber lights. VI. Providing recovery service/vehicle to remove broken down vehicles — ‘To immediately clear broken down vehicles that are causing congestion at work site to other vehicles. Vil. Installing Video or Sky Cameras where necessary — To monitor traffic conditions effectively during the works and provide real-time information on the effects of roadwork on traffic. Example of Sky Camera used at Telok Blangah Road. ba Code of Practice for Traffie Control at Work Zone