SINGAPORE STANDARD 314:1986 (UDC 614.893) SPECIFICATION FOR Industrial Eye-protectors SAFFTY DEPT Singapore Institute of Standards and Industrial ResearchSINGAPORE STANDARD 314:1986 (UDC 614.893) SPECIFICATION FOR Industrial Eye-protectors Copyright Reserved Singapore Institute of Standards and Industrial Research 179 River Valley Road, Singapore 0617 Cable: SISIR SINGAPORE Telex: RS 28499 SISIR ISBN 9971-67-205-78$314: 1986 This Sing st First published, 1986. ‘The Consumer Products Industry St consists of the following members: Name Chairman: — Mr Ivan C Baptist Deputy Mrs Tan Kim Swee Chairman: Secretary: Mr Wong Oi Keong Member: Mr R Alagirisamy Mr Chan Wing Hom Mr Ho Wai Lam. Mr Lee Teck Har Mr Roland Tay Mr Teo Ek Tian The Technical Committee appointed by Committee and responsible for the prepar from the following organisations: Name Chairman: Mr Andrew Tan Hoe Soon Secretary: Mr Wong Oi Keong Members: Mr Phillip Barton Dr Magdalene Chan Mr Lam Kong Hong Mr Lim Boon Khoon Mr Rolland Lim Mr Paul Lu Mr Quak Ser Khoon Mr Richard Tuan Prof Raoul F Van Ligten # apore Standard having been approved by the Cé standards Committee was endorsed by the Standards ‘ation of this sti ‘onsumer Products Industry Council on 7 May 1986, tandards Committee appointed by the Standards Council Organisation Standards Council Singapore Institute of Standards and Industrial Research Singapore Institute of Standards and Industrial Research Central Supplies Department Singapore Airlines Limited Singapore Textile and Garment Manufacturers’ Association Ministry of Defence Consumers’ Association of Singapore Singapore Manufacturers” Association the Consumer Products Industry Standards ndard, consists of representatives Organisation Singapore Institution of Safety Officers Singapore Institute of Standards and industrial Research Norton Pte Ltd Department of Industrial Health Singapore Institute of Standards and Industriat Research National Iron and Steel Mills Limited American Optical Company (S) Pte Limited Protexail Company Department of industriat Safety Singapore Association of Shipbuilders and Repairers National University af Singapore technical developments in. the to periodical review, Revisions issue either of amendment slips orCONTENTS Foreword ee : - : SPECIFICATION, 1. Scope : 2. Definitions 7 ‘ 3. Types of eye protectors : 4, Types of ocutars 7 5. Composition of oculars 6. Function of eve-protectors » 7. Construction i 8. Comfort for the wearer = eee 9. Head-band 10. Fittings eee eae eee 11, Ventitation : 12, General requirements 13. Particular requirements 14, Marking APPENDICES. A. Test for refractive, astigmatic and prismaticnowers of unmounted ‘oculars 2 8. Test for refractive, astigmatic and prismatic powers of mounted oculars c. Optional (2st method for determination of she orismatic effect of ‘mountes: acolars {method A) 88314: 1986 Page oo 14 15 v 20$314 : 1986 ob. opp Optional test method for determination of the prismatic effect of ‘mounted oculars (method B)—- Test for quality of material and surface - : Test for robustness of unmounted oculars of eve protectors Test for robustness of mounted oculars of eye-protectors Test for stability at elevated temperature ‘Test for resistance to ultraviolet radiation Test for resistance to corrosion Test for suitability for disinfection ‘Test for ignition of eye protectors Test for ignition of eye-protactors used solely for the attenuation of daylight - Test for resistance to high speed particles ‘Test for non-adherence of molten metal ‘Test for resistance to penetration of hot solids Test for proof against chemical Test for protection against dust - Test for protection against gas TABLES Permissible tolerances for unmounted oculars Permissible tolerances for mounted oculars 22 24 25 2 29 30 32 33 34 35 37 39 40 a1 43 10 u$8314: 1986 FIGURES 1. Target 7 15 2. Standard support for spectactes 18 3. Double target 7 19 4. Experimental mounting for optional Method A 20 5. Rectangle of tolerances ar 6. Experimental mounting for optional Method B 23 7. Apparatus for test for quality of material and surface 7 24 "8. Apparatus for test for robustness of unmounted oculars 26 9, Example of head-form for test for robustness of mounted oculars 27 10. Example of head-form for test for resistance to high-speed particles 36 11. Apparatus for testing for non-adherence of molten metal 7 38 12. Apparatus for testing resistance to penetration of hot solids 39 13. Apparatus for test for protection against dust 7 a 14. Photoelectric reflectometer : = a2 wy a siSS314: 1986 “SINGAPORE STANDARD. ‘SPECIFICATION FOR INDUSTRIAL EVE-PROTECTORS. FOREWORD Mechanical and chemical hazards commonly found in the industrial environment were ed. Eye-protectors specified in this standard 935 eve-protectars, eye-protectors : where hazardous projectiles found at {he workplace are larger and faster than that normally encountered, provision fer monn stringent test requirements has been allowed, Sunglasses for general use and fashion spectacles are not subject to the requirements of this standard. Eye protectors fitted with prescription lenses are covered isthe standard, The eedOt the refractive power tolerances and other special characteristics dependent won the prescription requirements for such lenses, ‘The Technical Committee, with personal safety in mind, felt that eye protectors ought Rot to have any exposed metalli ie parts or coating except for screws and hinges. vis important that users of eye protectors are int formed that protection is also needed for people in the vicinity of the danger besides those wi ho actually use the equipment. Eveprotectors should not be interchanged among workers However, where eye- Protectors are kept for common use, these should be disinfected befor e reissue, In preparing this specification, . reference was made to the following overseas publications: 1. ANSI Z 87.1: 1979 Practice for occu ipational and educational eye and face protection 2. AS 1337: 1984 Eve-protectors for industrial application 3. BS 2092: 1967 Industrial eye protectors 4. DIN 4646 Teit'5: 1976 Glasses for eye-protective equipment 5. 180.4007: 1977 Pepsonal eye Drotectors : Vocabulary 6. 150 4849 : 1981 Personal eye-protectors : Specification 7. 1804854; 1981 Personal eye-protectors : Optical test methods 8 150 4855: 1981 Personal eye protectors ; Nom-optical test_ methods Acknowledgement is made for the use of information from the above references.8$314: 1986 1. SCOPE This standard applies to various types of personal eyeprotectors used mainly in industry against mechanical and chemical hazards. Bee standard does not apply to protection against harmful radiations, for example, nuclear radiation, x-rays, laser beams, radiation from electric arc welding range, infrared and ultraviolet radiations. 2. DEFINITIONS 2.14 Eyeprotector. Any form of eye-protective equipment covering at least the eye area, 2.2. Ocular. That part of the eye protector through which the wearer sees (for example lens, visor, plate o screen). 2.3, Meniscus. An ocular having two spherical surfaces of which one is convex and the other concave. These are usually produced by optical surfacing or by precise reproduction from a mould having optically worked surfaces. 24 Spectral Transmittance. The ratio of transmitted spectral radiant flux to the incident spectral flux @: TH) = — coe 2.5 Luminous Transmittanc the incident luminous flux. V(A) must be introduced, The ratio of the fuminous flux transmitted by the filter to In order to calculate this, the spectral luminous efficiency con oben TOY VON) dR 380 nn TW om ben VO) dr 380 mm 2.6 Shade Number. Class defined by the expression netedig t ieity where Ty is the luminous transmittance defined in 2.5. 2.7 Refractive Power. The reciprocal of ye focal Wenath of an optical system. His expressed in reciprocal metres im) NOTE, Formerly. Phe wot wt call “dontSS 314 : 1986 2.8 Astigmatic Power. The maximum refractive power difference between two meridians perpendicular to each oth 'er and to the sighting axis. It is expressed in reciprocal metros (mm), 2.9 Prismatic Power. Hundred times the ratio of the af a0 optical system to the distance of the object. This q effect can be produced by prismatic power in the relative to its correct visual axis or by a combination ;Pparent displacement of an object by wantity is dimensionless. (A prismatic ocular, by the position of the ocular of these.) NOTE. Formety. prismatic power was expresed in aris shaper: {prism woptee = 1 embn 2.10 Glass {Mineral Glass). A vitreous substance made from mineral materials. NOTE. The term “ota a be Used to describe paste materials, Relerence is made in this exc, to “ores 3. TYPES OF EYE-PROTECTORS 3.1 Safety Spectacles. An eyeprotector with protective lenses mounted in spectecle-type frames, oF integrally moulded into the frames with or without side shields, and hele in Position by the side arms. 32 Goggles 3.2.1 Eyecup goggles. Eye-cup goggles shall consist of two eye-cups with lenses and lens retainers, connected by an adjustable bridge and a replaceable and adjustable head band or other means of retaining the eye-cups comfortably in front of the eyes, 3.2.2 Masked gogales. Such goggles shall consist of a wholly flexible frame, forming a lens holder, or a separable lens holder or a rigid frame with integral lens or lenses, having 2 Separate, cushioned fitting surface on the full periphery of the facial contact area. There shall be 2 positive means of support on the face, such as an adjustable head band of suitable material or other suitable means of support to retain the frame comfortably and snugly in place in front of the eyes. 3.2.3 Foundry men’s goggles. Such goggles shall consist of a mask made of flexible material, suitable fens holder attached thereto, lenses, and a positive means of support on the face, such as an adjustable head-band, to retain the mask comfortably and snugly in place in front of the eyes. The edge of the mask in contact with the face shall provide an adequate see) The lens holder shall be ventilated to permit circulation of air 3.3. Face Shield. Face shields shall consist essantially of a detachable transparent plastic window, wire screen window, combination plastic and wire-screen or opaque frame with window, a tilting support, an adjustable headgear and as required, a crown protector and chin protector, * 4. TYPES OF OCULARS 4.1. Minerat Oculars 4.1.1 Untoughened mineral oculars$8314 : 1986 4.1.2 Toughened mineral oculars. Oculers, toughened chemically, thermally or by another process are those which as a result of the manufacturing process or subsequent treatment, possess mechanical resistance to impact superior to that of untoughened oculars and which when broken, produce fragments which are less cutting than those of untoughened oculars. 42 Organic Ocutars (Plastics) 43 Laminated Oculars. Oculars made in multiple layers joined together by a binder. 5. COMPOSITION OF OCULARS Oculars shall be made of plastics or other suitable synthetic materials, of toughened or taminated glass or any combination of these materials. Untreated glass may be used only it it is backed with one of the above materials, 6. FUNCTION OF EYE-PROTECTORS. The function of eye-protectors is to provid adequate protection against mechanical impacts of different severities liquid droplets and splashes = dust gases chemicals oF any combination of these, 7. CONSTRUCTION Eyeprotectors shall be soundly constructed of appropriate materials and shall not have metallic coating or exposed metallic parts except screws and hinges. Screws and hinges if exposed shall be so positioned that it shall not come into contact with the wearer's face and head. Eye-protectors shall be free from obvious defects and shall meet the relevant performance requirements. COMFORT FOR THE WEARER Eyeprotectors shall be free from projections, sharp edges or other features which, could cause discomfort. Furthermore, the materials used shall be so selected as to avoid any skin irritation and in the case of anticdust goggles, the design of the eye-protector shall be such as to take special care of irritation, 9. HEAD-BAND i Head-bands when used shall be of good quality, durable and at least 10 mm in width. 10. FITTINGS Adjustable parts or components incorporated in eye protectors shall be easily adjusted and replaced$8314: 1986 11. VENTILATION Except where doubleglazed or speciall ly coated lenses are used to reduce misting, appropriate ventilation shall be provided. 12. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS. All eye-protectors shall meet the according to their intended use, requirements given in Clause 13, general requirements given in this clause. Furthermore, eye protectors shall meet one or more of the particular 12.1 Dimensions. Oculars shall have the following minimum dimensions. = Circular oculars : diameter 40 mm Spectacles : 40 mm (horizontal length) x 30 mm (vertical depth) — One-piece lens goggles : 120 mm x 50 mm Eve protectors shail ensure a sufficiently wide field of vision for it to be possible to do the work for whieh they are provided, without either risk or discomfort. 12.2 Refractive, Astigmatic And Prismatic Powers Of defects of unmounted oculars shall be m ‘The measurements shall be taken: Unmounted Ocutars. The optical jeasured by the method specified in Appendix A, (2) for spherical effect and astigmatism: 7,3 2 minimum of four points (one of which shall be the centre) in an area of 40 mm diameter around the geometrical centre of the ocular or at any point chosen by agreement between the manufacturer of the oculars and. the manufacturer of the eye-protectors using these oculars. When the optical and Seometrical centres are not identical, the examination shall be the subject of agreement between client and supplier. (b) for prismatic effect: ~ at the geometrical centre of the ocular. ‘The permissible tolerances are given in Table 1 Table 1. Permissible Tolerances For Unmounted Oculars i 1 Spherical Prismatic | Grade | “etfecr’ | Astigmatiom | Pusmatic | tm? 1 (m7) “1 | {m*) i ei (m7) | soos | 008 | one | vo12 0.12 025$8314 : 1986 12.3. Refractive, Astigmatic And Prismatic Powers Of Mounted Oculars. The optical defects of mounted oculars, spectacles or faceshields shall be measured in accordance with the method specified in Appendix B, eye-protectors being positioned on the standard support, ‘Two other optional test methods are deseribed in Appendix C and D. The permissible tolerances are given in Table 2. Table 2. Permissible Tolerances For Mounted Oculars pomp ee Prismatic effect | | Spherical effect jp | Grade | (Power in meridian] Astigmatism | Horizontal. | | lof maximum error)} (m7) ="! Vertical tm) | | base out | base in {esn/m) (emim) | (mim) | The specifications for prismatic effect correspond to the difference between the values at the specified measuring points of the eye-protector. 12.4 Contrast. The lens of the eyeprotector shall not substantially impede contrast of objects as to endanger the wearer. 125 Colour Recognition. As far as possible, lenses shall permit recognition of colours sufficient to the task and the observation of safety signs. 12.6 Quality Of Material And Surface. Except for a marginal area 5 mm wide, unmounted and uncut lenses for eye-protectors shall be free from any visible surface defects likely to impair vision in use, such as bubbles, scratches, inclusions, dull spots, holes, mould marks, scoring or other defects originating from the manufacturing process. The test shall be carried out in accordance with the method specified in Appendix E. 12.7. Stability At Elevated Temperature. The assembled eye-protectors shall be stable at elevated temperature (55 + 2°C) and, when sésted by the method specified in Appendix H, shall show no apparent deformation. At the end of the test, the eyeprotectors shall meet the following mechanical and optical requirements: the robustness of oculars shall not have fallen below that specified in 12.8.2 = the optical qualities shall not have deteriorated beyond the limits laid down in 123.SS314: 1986 12.8 Robustness Of Construction. This specification concerns mechanical hazards. 12.8.1 Unmounted oculars (oculars for protection against high-mass, objects). The oculars shall be designed to withstand the impact of a 22 ball, of mass 44 9, dropped from a height of 1.3 °9:89 m. low-velocity flying mm diameter steel ‘The test shall be carried out in accordance with the method specified in Appendix F. On so testing, there shall _not be ocular fracture: an ocular shall be considered to have fractured if it cracks through its entire thickness into two or more pieces, or if more than 5 mg of the ocular material becomes detached from the surface remote from that struck by the ball, or if the ball passes through the ocular. 12.8.2 Mounted oculars. Mounted oculars shall meet test which requires thern to withstand the img 44 g, dropped from & height of 1.3 °2:29 m, the requirements of the robustness pact of a 22 mm diameter steel ball, of mass ‘The test shall be carried out in accordance with the reference method specified in Appendix 6. On so testing, the following defects shall not occur (2) Ocular fracture: an ocular shall be considered to have fractured if it cracks through its entire thickness into two or more pieces, or if more than 5 mg of the ocular material becomes detached from the surface remote from that struck by the ball, or if the ball passes through the ocular. Ocular deformation: an ocutar shall be considered to have deformed if a mark appears on the white paper on the opposite side to that struck by the ball, Ocular housing or frame failure: an ocular housing or frame shall be considered to have failed if it separates into several parts, if it is no longer capable of holding an ocular in position, or if an unbroken ocular separates from the frame. (o) tc) 12.9 ‘Stability In Presence Of Ultraviolet Radiation. Eye-protectors shall be subjected to the test for resistance with the method specified in Appendix 1. At the end of the test, the eye-protectors shal! meet the following mechanical and optical requirements: ‘the robustness of ocular shall not have fallen below that specified in 12.8 “the amount of contrast shall comply with the requirements in 12.4 such that the quality of the image perceived through the lens is not impaired. 12.10. Resistance To Corrosion. After having undergone the test for resistance to corrosion specified in Appendix J, all metal parts of an eye-protector shall display smooth surfaces free from oxidation when they are examined by the naked eye (or, if necessary. with spectacles) by a trained observer 12.14 Suitability For Disinfection. standing disinfection and cleanin: Appendix K. All parts of eye:protectors shall be capable of with: 1g without visible damage by the method specified in$8314: 1986 12.12 Oculars Transmittance Requirement. Transmittance variations measured by scanning with a beam of white light (between 380 nm and 780 nm) of 5 mm diameter over the entire area of an ocular, except in a marginal area 5 mm wide, shall remain within the limits of shade number 1.2 (Ty max = 100%; Ty min = 74.4%) with a permissible variation of 5%. 12.13 Ignition Of Eye-protectors (Complete Eye protectors). Eye-protectors shall be tested in accordance with the method specified in Appendix L. The test pieces may be considered as satisfactory if they do not ignite or continue to glow after removal of the welding rod. 13, PARTICULAR REQUIREMENTS 13.1. Ignition Of Eyeprotectors Used Solely For The Attenuation Of Daylight (Complete Eye-protectors). Oculars and frames shall not be made of flammable materials such as cellulose nitrate. Ooulars and frames made of cellulose acetate and cellulose acetate butyrate are. considered acceptable, ‘The test method is specified in Appendix M. The eyeprotector may be regarded as satisfactory if it does not ignite during the test period. If apparent material composition changes appear e.g. stain marks, the eye-protector shall be retested. 13.2. Protection Against High-speed Particles.” Eye-protectors (goggles and face-shields) intended to provide protection against impacts from objects or high-speed flying particles shall be designed and constructed to withstand the impact of a 6mm" diameter steel ball siriking the ocular at a speed of 190732% mis The test method is specified in Appendix N. When so tested, the eye protector shall not display the following defects: (2) Ocular fracture: an ocular shall be considered to have fractured if it cracks through its entire thickness and on its entire diameter, if two or more pieces visible to the naked eve become detached from the surface remote from that struck by the ball, or if the ball passes through the ocular. {b) Ocular deformation: an ocular shall be considered as deformed if a mark appears on the white paper on the opposite side to that struck by the ball (o) Ocular housing or frame failure: an ocular housing or frame shall be considered to have failed if it separates into several parts or if it is no longer capable of holding an ocular in position. 13.3. Protection Against Molten Metal And Hot Solids. The materials of all parts providing protection for the eye area shall be non-metsllic or treated to prevent the adherence of molten metal and shall be resistant to the pengtration of hot solids. + Study on risks trom non-spherical arojecties at high speed i gurrently incomplete to enable specification te be setbliched tn cases were the size and/or the speed of the prosctts Found in the von place is higher tha that mentioned ete, "en boise testing of eveprotectors wih other projects zee and speed permitted. provided thot the dimension 9 {ie stet bal and its spged are eemparabie to those Foun ia he more place 3SS. 314: 1986 The materials shall be regarded as satisfactory if, when tested according to Appendix O, there is no adherence of molten metal or ocular fracture and if, when tested in accordance with Appendix P, complete penetration of the ball does not occur within a period of 7 + toh Protection Against Chemicals. Chemical eye protectors shall be tested according to the method specified in Appendix Q and shall be regarded as satisfactory if no colourstign ‘appears beyond the permitted limits (see Q.3). 135 Protection Against Dust. Oust eye-protectors shall be tested according to the method specified in Appendix R and shall be regarded as satistactory if the reflectance after the test is not less than 80% of its value before testing 13.6 Protection Against Gas. Gas e1 Appendix S and shall be rex by the eye protector. 'ye-protectors shall be tested by the method specified in garded as satisfactory if no staining appears in the area enclosed Laminated oculars may crack during the test for robustness but in that state they may be reaarded as satisfactory for protection against gas if they show no staining in the ares enclosed by the eye-protector in the permitted limits of $.3. NOTE. Gas, cust and chemist ayeprotectors are es i for tesstance to penetation on the standart header, 3nd the ‘onthe indivi using the eve-prorectors, 14. MARKING Each eye-protector shall be legibly and indelibly marked with the following: (a) The manufacturer's name, trade name or trade mark, {b1_ The number of this Singapore Standard, i.e. $$ 314, To this number may be attached any of the following words or codes, if appropriate: SS314(A) Protection against ignition (only those for the attenuation of daylight) : $$314(B) Protection against high speed particles $$314 (c) Protection against molten metal and hot solids $S314(D} Protection against chemicals, SS314(E) Protection against dust SS314(F) Protection against gas. {c) Date of manufacture.88314: 1986 APPENDIX A TEST FOR REFRACTIVE, ASTIGMATIC AND PRISMATIC POWERS OF UNMOUNTED OCULARS A.1 Any method of examining the required area with an accuracy of 0.015 m"? may be used. However, the method described here is given as reference methods for use in cases of, dispute. A2 APPARATUS A.2.1 Telescope, with a magnification of between 7.5 and 20 (recommended magnification 15} with an aperture of 15 to 20 mm and an adjustable eye-piece-fitted with a graticule, for example a theadolite which is adjustable both vertically and laterally In the event that the telescope, a large-aperture instrument, shows a doubling of the image or other aberration, the ocular to be tested shall be examined with a 5 mm aperture instrument to locate and quantify the area or areas of aberration in the total area of 20 mm diameter. A focometer may be used for this operation, A.2.2. Adjustable Light Source (with condenser) As 3 Target, consisting of a black plate with the cutout pattern shown in Figure 1. The bars are 2.0 mm wide. The larger annulus depicted inside the bars has a diameter of 23 mm, with an annular aperture of 0.6 mm, and the smaller has a diameter of 11 mm. The diameter of the central aperture is 0.6 mm. The target is mounted on a giass plate. Figure 1. Target$8314 : 1986 A2.4 Interference Filter, with X max. = 555% 10nm and a half-band width of approximately 50 am. A25 Standard Lenses, with refractive powers of # 0.06 m” /£012m™ and + 0.25 m") {tolerance + 0.01 my |. Any other method of calibration may be used. A3 PROCEDURE The target shall be transilluminated by means of a paraltel beam of monochromatic light of adjustable intensity. The telescope and the optica! system of the target shall be on. the same axis The interference filter is used to reduce chromatic aberration. ‘The focusing adjustment of the telescope shall be calibrated so that a power of 0.01 m? can be measured. The distance between the telescope and the target shall be 4.50.1 m. Focus the Graticule and the target and align the telescope to obtain a clear image of the target, This Setting shall be regarded as the zero point of the scale of the telescope. Calibrate the equipment using standard lenses of known refractive powers or any other equivalent method. Position the ocular normal to the telescope axis. Make measurements at the test points defined in 12.2. To determine the refractive power, adjust the telescope until the image of the target is berfectly resolved. Then read the refractive power of the eye protector from the scale of the telescope. The astigmatism of the ocular is the maximum refractive power difference between ‘two perpendicular meridians observed during rotation of the ocular axis. Record this maximum difference obtained in resolving the horizontal and vertical bars during rotation as the astigmatism. To determine the prismatic power, position the ocular to be tested in front of the telescope and, if the point of intersection of the lines of the graticule falls outside the image of the bigger annulus, the prismatic power exceeds 0.25 cm/m. If the permitted limit is 0.12 cm/m, the, point of intersection of the lines of the graticule shall fall inside the image of the smaller annulus of the target. ‘The values obtained for the refractive, astigmatic and prismatic powers shall be within the limits defined in Table 1 -88314 : 1986: APPENDIX B TEST FOR REFRACTIVE, ASTIGMATIC AND PRISMATIC POWERS OF MOUNTED OCULARS B.1 Any method of examining the required area with an accuracy of + 0.015 m™! may be used. However, the method described here is given as a reference method in case of dispute. 8.2 APPARATUS * B.2.1 Standard Support For Spectacles, constructed in metal or other rigid material according to Figure 2, 10 reproduce the position of the spectacles in front of the eyes of the wearer, Protectors without side pieces shall be positioned on the support as they are normally placed before the eyes when worn." B.2.2 Two Telescopes, similar to the one described in A.2.1 fitted with 6 mm diameter circular diaphragms and fixed with 2 axes 66 mm apart and parallel to within 1°. A single telescope may also be used which can be displaced, its axis remaining parallel to within 1° of its original direction; alternatively, the protector may be displaced relative to the single telescope and target, these remaining fixed. The distance between ocular and telescope shall be reduced to a minimum, In the event that the telescope, a large-aperture instrument, shows a doubling of the image or other aberration, the ocular to be tested shall be examined with a 5 mm. aperture instrument to locate and quantify the area or areas of aberration ‘of 20 mm diameter. A focometer may be used for this operation. the total area B.2.3 Double Target, conforming to the design shown in Figure 3, or Single target, as the ‘case may be, on which the reading is made. The target is brightly illuminated and placed 4.6 + 0.1 m from the telescope(s). B.3 PROCEDURE Place the protector to be tested on the support (B.2.1). Using both telescopes, one for ‘each ocular in the case of spectacles (the arms of those must be horizontal} and two-piece goggles, of at each visual centre in the case of face-shields and one-piece goggles, measure the horizontal and vertical prismatic pawers by counting the number of circles across which ‘the vertical and horizontal cross-wires of the graticule are displaced and by interpolating between two circles if necessary. Since cach circle represents 0.05 cm/m, the reading may be made to the nearest + 0.025 cm/m. Deviations measured for each ocular or gach visual centre are added when they are in opposite directions and subtracted when they are in the same direction, Measure the refractive power for each ocular of each visual centre by opening the telescope diaphragm to 20 mm. Determine the astigmatism by the difference of refractive powers measured by resolving 2 circular arcs on the target, Spherical effect is the average of refractive powers measured by resolving 2 circuler ares on the target$8314: 1986 In this way a value for the horizontal prismatic power and a value for the vertical prismnat power are obtained, as well as values for the spherical effect and astigmatism, ‘These values shall be within the limits defined in Table 2. Two other optionat methods for prismatic power measurement are presented in Appendices C and D. ? Figure 2. Standard support for spectactes= SS314: 1986 | ud Dimensions in mitimetres 1 Figure 3. Double target$8314: 1986 APPENDIX OPTIONAL TEST METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF THE PRISMATIC. EFFECT OF MOUNTED OCULARS (METHOD A) C1 APPARATUS ‘The experimental mounting is as shown in Figure 4. 995 20, Green fier aol 2 6v, 5A o Viewtindee 40 x Dimensions in millomeres Figure 4. Experimental mounting for optional Method A ©.2 PROCEDURE Image S of the 6 V, 5A lamp filament formed by the 40 X microscope objective is used asa point source. § is at the focus of the lens O,. With no spectacles in position, image S becomes S', on screen E. Diaphragm D, pierced with two 5mm diameter holes ‘the centres of which are 66 mm apart, allows two parallel beams of light to pass through, these falling onto the spectacle oculars OD and OG. Prismatic error of spectacles will result in the image of S no longer being formed at S', but at other positions such as Ig and 1g corresponding to oculars OD and OG. C3 ASSESSMENT OF RESULTS For the spectacles to be deemed satisfactory, both images tq and Ig shail fall within the rectangle of tolerances (see Figure 5). a The sides of the rectangle have measurements corresponding to the tolerances adopted for the deviations, ie, vertical ADy, and horizontal ADH, and the focal length of Os. If F is the focal length of O2, in millimetres, ADy is the vertical prismatic tolerance, in centimetres per metre, and Dy, is the horizontal prismatic tolerance in centimetres per metre, then Dy hs Soy a F ay and &mm = an 100 100$$314: 1986 {twill also be necessary to take into account the dimensions of the images ly and ly. which are not negligible. Monochromatic light is used to avoid chromatic dispersion of the lenses, thus giving well-defined images lq and Ig, ‘This method is carried out in the same manner when the spectacles are replaced by a goggle or a shield, Figure 5. Rectangle of tolerancosSS314: 1986 APPENDIX D OPTIONAL TEST METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF THE PRISMATIC EFFECT OF MOUNTED OCULARS (METHOD B) D.1 APPARATUS The experimental mounting is as shown in Figure 6, where La = lamp 6 V, 5 A, adjustable J = interference filter, max. = 555 +20 nm Li = condenser LB, = diaphragm with .mm diameter hole P eye protector being tested LB, = diaphragm as perDerait A La = lens of 1000 mm focal length and 75 mm diameter B= focal plane D.2 PROCEDURE The eye-protector is placed at a distance of 2 m from the focal plane B in front of the lens La in such a way that the eye-protector axis is parallel to the optical axis of the ‘experimental mounting. In the case of spectacles with adjustable inclination, a value of 15° is set. The diaphragm LB, is adjusted in such a way that its image on focal plane B does not include the eye protector (P). After placing the eyeprotector into the path of the rays, the vertical and the horizontal distances of the two shifted images are determined. Half the distance, in centimetres, is the prismatic effect, in centimetres per metre. D.3 ASSESSMENT OF RESULTS Results are considered satisfactory if the values of prismatic effect determined in accordance with D.2 do not exceed the values specified in Table 2eer Ree eee $S314: 1986 8 fg poxnoyy(evendo 10} Sununows reruowued3 “9 2ndSS314: 1986 “ APPENDIX E TEST FOR QUALITY OF MATERIAL AND SURFACE The apparatus (recommended means of examination) used for this test is shown in Figure 7, The brightness of the lamp shall be related to the optical density of the filter. This subjective examination requires experience and is made at the limit “clear-dark” and without optical magnifying means. Adjustable opaque dul lack mas “=~ Dul black background (200 x 360) ws E Dimensions in nllneres Figure 7. Apparatus for test for quality of materi and surface$$314: 1986 TEST FOR ROBUSTNESS OF UNMOUNTED OCULARS OF EYE-PROTECTORS. F.1 This test” applies to eyeprotectors whose primary function is to protect against high-mass, low-velocity flying objects. F.2 APPARATUS ‘The apparatus is shown in Figure 8. The immediate support for the ocular shall be 2 steel or rigid plastics cylinder with ternal diameter of 25 “3 mm and an outside diameter of 32 mm. The cylinder shall be inserted into, or be an integral part of, a steel base. The ocular shall be cushioned by a seating ring firmly attached to the top of the tube. This seating shall have a thickness of 3 mim and the same inside and outside diameters as the tube. The seating material shall have a hardness of 40 + 5 IRHD. The combined mass of the support assembly shall be at feast 12 kg. A load ring of mass 250 g shall be placed upon the ocular. This ring shall have an inside diameter the same as that of the support tube, and any convenient outside diameter. A setting ring having the same dimensions and hardness as the support tube seating ring (gasket) shall be placed between the load ring and the ocular. For cylindrically curved oculars, the test support tube and load ring shall be curved to conform to the convex and concave surfaces of the ocular respectively. F.3 PROCEDURE Centre the ocular approximately on the support tube. Adjust the apparatus so that a 22 mm diameter steel ball of 44 g mass falling from 1.3 °3:32 m, strikes the ocular within an 8 mm radius from the centre of the support tube, For plastics of laminated oculars, the temperature in the test area shall be 23 + 3°C. For oculars made solely from glass, normal room temperature shall apply. Alternative tests may be used, Provided that it can be demonstrated that they give equivalent resuits. ~The ter for sabiity 9 alvated temperowre should Bp caried out fist on eveprotectors, generally followed by the$8314: 1986 Dimensions in miometres Figure 8. Apparatus for test for robustness of unmounted oculars$$314: 1986 APPENDIX G TEST FOR ROBUSTNESS OF MOUNTED OCULARS OF EYE-PROTECTORS G.1 This test* applies to eye-protectors whose primary function is to protect against high-mass, low-velocity flying objects. G.2 HEAD-FORM The head-form shall be made of a suitable material having a hardness of 50 to 60 IRHD. The dimensions shall conform to those of the appropriate national head-form of which Figure 9 shows an example. 56 1068 mm Bm © = 1000115 mn Figure 9. Example of headform for test for robustness of mounted oculars {and the tests specified in Appendices Q, A and S) G3 APPARATUS A device allowing a 22 mm diameter steel ball of nominal mass 44 g to drop, from rest, from a height of 1.3 °9.% m, on to the specified area of the eye-protector. G4 PROCEDURE 7 The eye-protector to be tested shall be placed on the head-form in the position corresponding to normal use. The test tor ability 9 elinated temperature shouldbe caved wt fist on eve yoteitors, generally followed by the test fa$3314: 1986 A sheet of carbon paper on top of a sheet of white paper, each sheet being of the appropriate dimensions, shall be inserted between the eyeprotector and head-form. The head-form and eyeprotector assembly shall be positioned underneath the test apparatus. The points of impact shall be: — within 5 mm of the geometric centre of both right and left mounted ooulars, = on the nose bridge, and — on the two hinges. ‘This test is considered as the reference test. For routine production monitoring, an alternative test and support may be used, provided that they give equivalent results. G5 TEMPERATURE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE TEST The above test shall be carried out in the following conditions — heat the eye-protector to 55 before testing, 2°C and maintain it at that iemperature for 1h — cool the eye-protector to -5+2°C, and maintain it at that temperature for 1h. before testing a second time. For eye-protectors intended for use in lower temperatures, additional treatment shalt be carried out by cooling the eye-protector to - 20 + 2°C, and maintaining it there for 4h. before testing. ‘ The tests shall be conducted within 30 s after completing the temperature treatment. 4 * j88314 : 1986 APPENDIX H TEST FOR STABILITY AT ELEVATED TEMPERATURE H.1 APPARATUS Oven, capable of maintaining a temperature of 55 + H.2 PROCEDURE is Slace the eye-procector, in the position corresponding 10 normal use, in the oven for 30 min at a temperature of 55 £ 2°C. Then remove it and allow to stablige st 29 23°C fon @ minimum of 30 min. Then subject the eveprotector to the optical test in accordance with the method given in Appendices A anc B. >$S314 : 1986 APPENDIX 1 TEST FOR RESISTANCE TO ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION Expose the ocular to be tested for 50 h to radiation from a fused silica envelope high-pressure xenon lamp of 450 W at a distance of 300 mm, Incident radiation shall be substantially normal to the surface of the ocular$8314 : 1986 APPENDIX J. TEST FOR RESISTANCE TO CORROSION Determine the resistance to corrosion of frames, side-shields or metal components by first_removing ail adhering matter, particularly oil and grease, then immersing the meted parts in ab from this solution, immerse the metal Of sodium chloride at room temperature for 15 min. After removal from this solution ang} without wiping off the adhering liquid, leave to dry for 24 h at room temperature. Then Finse in lukewarm water and leave to dry before inspecting - ooS$314 : 1986 APPENDIX K TEST FOR SUITABILITY FOR DISINFECTION Disinfect each eyeprotector by immersion in a disinfectant solution, for example, a 0.1% solution of dodecy!-di (amino-ethyl} glycine hydrochloride in tap water, for 10 min. Unless it is required to remove substantial deposits, no preliminary washing is necessary, nor is any rinsing needed. et8$314: 1986 APPENDIX L. TEST FOR IGNITION OF EYE-PROTECTORS L.1 PURPOSE OF TEST “This test is intended to establish whether the test samples ignite or continue to glow. L.2 NUMBER AND NATURE OF TEST SAMPLES Five complete eye-protectors shall be tested. U3 APPARATUS 13.1 Gas Welding Rod, made of steet; 300 mm long and 6 mm in dia faces, meter, with flat end L.3.2_ Heat Source L.3.3_ Thermocouple And Temperature-indicating Device L.4 PROCEDURE Heat the gas welding rod over a length of at least 50mm to a temperature of 050 * 10°C. Measure the temperature of the rod by means of the thermocouple attached at a distance of 20 mm from the heated end of the rod. Press the heated face of the rod {positioned vertically) against the surface of the test sample (the contact force being equal to the weight of the rod) for a period of 5 s, and then remove it. Carry out the test on all parts of the eye-protector. Carry out a visual inspection durin: 'g the test in order to establish whether the test samples ignite or continue to glow.$8314: 1986 APPENDIX M TEST FOR IGNITION OF EYE-PROTECTORS USED SOLELY FOR THE ATTENUATION OF DAYLIGHT M.1 PURPOSE OF TEST This test is intended to assess eye protectors for ignition properties, M.2 PROCEDURE Place the complete eye-protector, of its components, into a preheated oven set to 200 * 5°C, for 15 * 1 min. When the sample is removed, note whether it has burned during ‘the test period. ‘The volume of the sample should not exceed 10% of the over: volume. ‘The oven should be purged with air between tests.SS314: 1986 APPENDIX N. TEST FOR RESISTANCE TO HIGH SPEED PARTICLES N.1 SCOPE \n the light of present knowledge, it is believed that the tests using steel balls described 1 re oabpendix provide the most satistactory control of impact resistance of eye protectors. ‘Should specific hazards be identified at some future time against whtch Le protectors to present standards are found to be ensuitable, the establishment of other tost requirements may be necessary, N.2 APPARATUS. N.2.1. Head-form. The head-torm conform to those of the aporopri: example. shall be made of cast aluminium. The dimensions shalt late national head-form of which Figure 10 shows an N.2.2 Propulsion Equipment. The apparatus shall be capable of imparting to a 6 men stee! ball a velocity of 190 m/s, Te cece want One Us consis fundamentally ofa bare or tude of men langth to ensure a Contant ext velocity at SELIER pa ih a bresen or loading mechani emuring ‘9! the ball mm «gen postion meas eee oe ese ne eine ay COMDLEE Bs 10 provide pronsion. The aparaut ao eloaer 9 menor eater oe maar ican Sai WeDees because of the weochie and tones Wold, 9 ring Inde eee oe Tultiple of 10s, i eaves. ‘sbecimen, the heac-form and the bart! or tube should oe ancionss recomenenaeg ining evict shall have deste of curacy net let then that specified: the ftlowing two methods ove an lecttone timer operated by phoroslectie rough amples: The aocuracy of the timing device depends woon the spacing batwacn semsing enon ‘measurements of the ball velocity. Present indwations ne toy gxceed 150 men; with this pacing and the highest sslocthy cea ‘ines 50 a8 10 alow for variations of otter Tactors sis a and the required accuracy for the soacing beasen the soeeng cane caer ing davies trol be N.3 PROCEDURE : Place the eye-protector to be tested on 1 Normal use and with the tension of the headband instructions. ead-form in the position corresponding to adjusted according to the manufacturer's Insert a sheet of carbon paper on top of 2 sheet of white paper, each sheet being of {hg SPBropriate dimensions, between the eyerotector and the head.form. Then rection Ue ve protector/head-form assembly in fror: of the propulsion equipmen the eens of impact being not more than 100 min from, a4 in tine with, the muzzle of the tube$8314: 1986 Project the stee! ball at the selected speed on to the centre of each ocular in the case of'a two-ocular eve protector, or, in the case of a one-ocular eye-protector, onto two tests points 33 mm from the vertical midline of the eye-protector on the horizontal line passing through the centre between the top and bottom of the ocular. The direction of the impact shall be substantially normal to the surface of the eye protector. Dimensions in ionseres Figure 10. Examgle of headform for tet for resistance high-speed particlesSS314 : 1986 APPENDIX O TEST FOR NON-ADHERENCE OF MOLTEN METAL 0.1 APPARATUS. The test apparatus, shown in Figure 11, consists of a spring-loaded piston fitted with an ejector head dished in the centre to take the molten metal. A fixed platform is mounted above the ejector head and has a central opening large enough to permit the charge of ‘molten metal to go through it The energy of the ejection 5 that, on ejection, the metal char above the level of the ocular. Pring and the position of the fixed platform shall be such ge is projected upwards to a nominal distance of 250 mm 0.2 PROCEDURE Place the eye-protector above the opening in such a way that its ocular is immediately above the centre of the ejector head, Load the ejector head, which shall have been preheated to reduce cooling of the molten metal, with a silica crucible containing 100 g of grey iron at a temperature of 1450 20°C. Release the pedal: the spring drives the head vertically upwards untit it strikes the stop platform and the motten metal is projected against the ocular$8314; 1986 é$8314: 1986 APPENDIX P- TEST FOR RESISTANCE TO PENETRATION OF HOT SOLIDS P.1 APPARATUS. ‘The test apparatus, shown in Fi test material and to take a funnel of the test specimen. igure 12, consists of a metal cylinder shaped to hold the heat-insulating material shaped to centre a steel ball on P.2. PROCEDURE Place the test specimen in the cylinder. Preheat a 6.5 mm diameter steel ball to about 1030°C in a furnace, withdraw the ball from the furt nace, and drop it as quickly as pdssible into the funnel, where it comes into contact with the test specimen at a temperature of about 900°C. Observe the underside of the cylinder and, if the ball drops, indicating complete penetration, record the time it has taken to penetrate, o? ate os ‘| : noon | N ! fe ! | a le ay 4 ’ y — jie | ee a ey Figure 12. Apparatus for testing resistance to penetration of hot solids$8314: 1986 APPENDIX Q. TEST FOR PROOF AGAINST CHEMICAL Q.1 APPARATUS. 0.1.1 Head-form, as described in Appendix G (Figure 9). The ocular area shall be covered with a double thickness of absorbent lint the mass per unit area of which is approximately 185 g/m? 0.1.2. Hand Atomizer, capable of producing fine droplets (not mist). 0.1.3 Test Paper, white blotting paper 180 mm x 100 mm approximately, dipped in a 0.1 mol/L solution of sodium carbonate. This paper shall be placed over the lint 0.1.4 Detecting Solution, prepared by dissolving 5 g of phendiphthalein in 800 rl of methanol and adding 500 mi of water, stirring constantly (filter if a precipitate forms) to obtain 1 litre, Q.2 PROCEDURE Mount the eye-protector normally and place in a vertical plane on the head-form covering the test paper; adjust the headband to the tension recommended by the manufacturer, and spray the assembly with the detector solution. Carry out the spraying at an approximate rate of 20 to 30 ml/min, holding the atomizer about 600 mm from the head-form, The period of spraying shall be about 10 5; during this time, spray the head-form. from all directions. For safety reasons, it is recornmended that the test be carried out under a hood. 0.3 ASSESSMENT OF RESULTS If the detecting solution penetrates the eyeprotectors, a crimson coloration will instantly develop on the test paper. No account need be taken of crimson coloration in the immediate proximity of the edges, provided that it does not develop more than 6 mm inside the eye-protector a0$8314 : 1986 APPENDIX Rt TEST FOR PROTECTION AGAINST DUST R.1 APPARATUS ‘The test apparatus is shown in Figure 13. Eveprotector _— Dust chamber Figure 13. Apparatus for test for protection against dust R.1.1 Dust-chamber, glass-fronted, with internal dimensions 550 mm x 560mm x 560mm, with 9 hopper-shaped bottom and a tightly sealed, hinged lid. To the bottom-of the inverted hopper is connected an air-blower capable of delivering approximately 2.8 m?/min at a pressure of 2255.5 Pa. A suitable agitator, capable of inducing swirling in the air stream from the blower, should be arranged immediately above the air inlet. The dust chamber outlet is connected to the air blower inlet. R,1.2 Test Dust: 1000 q of pulverized coal shall be placed inside the dust-chamber; the coat dust shall have the following grain size: Nominal mesh e Percentage pass dimension of sieve (SS 74) {mass/mass) 250 umn 95 125 am 85 902m 40 R13 Head-form, as described in Appendix G (see Figure 9). It shall be covered with a double thickness of absorbent lint the approximate mass per unit area of which is 185 a/im This lint shall be covered by a sheet of moist white paper on which have been marked in pencil two circles about 57 mm in diameter, the horizontal distance between centres being 66 mm (representing the ocular areas).$8314 : 1986 R.1.4 Photoelectric Reflectometer, for the measurement of quantities pertaining to reflection. The apparatus consists of an interference filter for the wavelength \ = 546 nm, a lens at the focus of which the mercury lamp is placed, and a radiation receiver {for example, Photovoltaic cell, photodiode). The experimental mounting is shown in Figure 14, Interteraee Fite, N= $28 9 mn Lens, 40 Dimensions in milimetres Figure 14. Photoelectric reflectometer R.2 PROCEDURE Before placing the eye-protector on the head-form, determine the reflectance of the unexposed moist test paper within the two circular areas. For this purpose, place the experimental mounting as shown in Figure 14 at a distance of 250 mm from the test paper Place the assembled eye-protector gnd head-form in the dust chamber and fasten the tid. Operate the blower for 1 min, switch off and keep the chamber closed until the dust has settled. Carefully remove the exposed moist test paper and remeasure the reflectance of the two circular areas. Finally, calculate the ratio of the mean reflectance after exposure to the mean reflectance before exposure,SS314: 1986 . APPENDIX S. TEST FOR PROTECTION AGAINST GAS S.1 APPARATUS, 5.1.1 Head-form, as described in Appendix G (see Figure 9). S12 Gaschamber: a gasttight, glassfronted enclosure, with internal dimensions 560 mm x 560 mm x 560mm and a tightly sealing, hinged lid, The gaschamber shall be ventilated by means of a small blower with a capacity of abo leading to a fume chamber or to the outside atmosphere 1.4 cm*/s and a vent pipe Gas supply = any convenient means of generating ammonia 9as, for example by blowing air through a washing bottle containing a concentrated solution of ammonia {0.0.88 g/m approximately) or by using a gas cylinder of ammonia. The outlet from the generator or cylinder is connected to the gas chamber. 8.1.3 Test Paper: white blotting paner, free from sulphur compounds, 180 mm x 100 mr, dipped in 19% mercury(1) nitrate solution at the time of test S.1.4 Mercury(1) Nitrate Solution, prepared by dissolving 10g of finely ground mercury(1) nitrate in 100 ml of distilled water to which 1 ml of concentrated nitric. acid {p 1.42 g/ml) has been added. S.2 PROCEDURE Mount the eye-protector on the head-form symmetrically over the test paper, which itself rests on absorbent lint of mass per unit area about 185 g/m? arranged in a double thickness so as to cover the ocular area. Place the assembly in the gas-chamber with a control strip of test paper placed on the floor of the chamber. Then open the gas generator slightly, the vent being slightly open, and fill the gas-chamber with ammonia gas at room temperature. Close the vent and leave the test specimen in the gas for 5 min. After the chamber has been cleared of the gas, remove the eye-protector and examine the test paper. S.3 ASSESSMENT OF RESULTS If any trace of gas has penetrated the eye-protector, the treated test paper will turn brown, No account need be taken of any darkening in the immediate vicinity of the edges, Provided that it does not develop furtheg in than a distance of 6 mm inside the eve protector.ohooh $8314: 1986 NGAPORE INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH. The Singapore Institute of Standards and Industrial Research (SISIR) is a government agency established to promote and upgrade the quality, reliability and technology levels in. Singapore's manufacturing sector. The Institute was incorporated as an independent statutory body in October 1973 in accordance with an Act of Parliament, the Singapore Institute of Standards and Industrial Research Act (No 48 of 1973}. One of the junctions of SISIR is to provide a-hational standardisation programme to support incustrialisation in Singapore. The Institute is vested with the authority to appoint a Standards Council, on whose advice SISIR coordinates the preparation, publication and promulgat on of Singapore Standards, and promotes their adoption. Standards are in the form of specifications for materials and products, codes of practice, methods of. testing, nomenclature, etc. The standards are drawn up by the various Technical Corhmittces appointed by the Product Standards.Committees (for product standards) or the Practice Committees (for codes of practice), the final approval body being the Standards Council The Procuct Standards and Practice Committees were established in May 1986 to replace the Indusiry Standards Committees which had previously appointed the Technical Committees, To ensure adequate representation of all viewpoints in the preparation of standards, ali Committees appointed consist of representatives from manufacturers’ associations, professions! institutions, Government departments and statutory bodies, and organisations Fepresenting consumers. Besides being engaged in standardisation work, SISIR is involved in several other programmes and activities in support of its mission. These include promotion of national Quality consciousness; certification, inspection and technical assistance services; training and consultancy; metrology; patent and other technical information services; and research and development work in areas relevant to Singapore's manufacturing sector.