POWER SYSTEM INSTALLATION

2X25kV TRACTION SYSTEM

Anubhav kumar jain, CEng MIE, P.Eng ECI,
MIET(UK),
Project control Manager @ KPIL | Expert in Project
Management and Control | Cost Control | Resources + Follow
Management | Team management | Ex-KEC | 1x25 KV | 2x25
KV | Power systems for Traction | Metro | Design
Published Feb 27, 2022

INTRODUCTION OF 2X25kV SYSTEM

2X25kV system is based on the idea of distributing the voltage along the
line at higher voltage (50kV) and feeding the train at 25kV. For this the
substations feed the system at 50kV and through intermediate auto-
transformer (AT) centers supply power to the Rolling stock at 25kV. To
implement the system, the traction sub-station (TSS) will have transformers
with secondary at 50kV with intermediate tap. This tap will be connected to
rail and ground performing the functions of neutral in the system. Center
tap is solidly connected to ground thus one terminal is at +25 kV and
another at -25 kV or we may that the two supplies at a phase difference of
180. Traction line is fed by +25 kV and a feeder wire at -25 kV thus the
voltage in between these circuits is 50 kV but to ground is 25 kV. Therefore,
the insulation or clearance is designed for 25 kV only.
2x25 kv AT system is a kind of power supply system in AC 25 kv 50 Hz single
phase traction. It has a feeder wire located along the track and Auto
Transformers installed every 10 to 20 km .Traction load is supplied by 25 kv
from both adjacent ATs through the contact wire and rail same as the
conventional system. Meanwhile, the ATs transfer the load current to 50 kv
circuit consist of the feeder wire and the contact wire, the traction load is
sent from TSS to ATs by 50 kv. This brings about various features of 2x25 kv
AT system which are Less electric current on feeding circuit results in less
voltage drop and energy loss, together with higher circuit voltage , this
enable extension of space between TSS largely.Minimizing rail return
currents results in reducing of induced voltage on near by
telecommunication circuits.

PRINCIPAL OF OPERATION
Power is fed from the TSS at 50 kV and utilization is achieved at 25 kV by
providing Auto-Transformers of adequate capacity and by providing one
additional conductor feeder Wire. Provides +25 kV Voltage between OHE
and rail and -25 kV voltage between Rail/earth and the Feeder Wire.Spacing
& capacity of the AT’s depends upon system design capacity requirements
and tolerable limits of the inductive interference levels and normally varies
from 10 to 15 kms interval , The traction load is shared by both the adjacent
ATs in inverse proportion of respective distances i.e. the AT nearer to the
Locomotive will share more load than the other one.

TYPE OF TRACTION SUB STATION (TSS) IN 2X25kV SYSTEM

Mainly Two Types of Traction Sub-Station are used in 2X25kV System.

Traction Sub-Station with Scott connected Transformer.

Traction Sub-Station with three Single Phase Transformer (V connection or

Open Delta).

TRACTION SUB-STATIONS
TSS WITH SCOTT CONNECTED TRANSFORMERS
Two numbers Scott connected transformers are installed, one of them
working as standby. The primary windings of the Scott connected
transformer are connected to three phases of the incoming 220/132 kV
transmission net work through the triple pole circuit breakers and isolators.
Three phase supply is received through duplicate bays. There are two
secondary windings in each of the Scott connected transformers referred as
Main(M) and Teaser(T) winding , each consisting of two winding.
Corresponding one outer terminal of each M & T winding of the two
transformers is terminated on common M and T buses connected to the
catenary and the other outer terminal terminated on other common bus
connected to the feeder The two inner terminals of M & T windings of each
transformer are connected to each other , which is solidly earthed and
connected to traction rails. As M & T voltages are 90 degree phase apart,
one side of TSS is fed from the M phase while other side from the T phase
with a neutral section provided in the OHE and Feeder. Due to two buses
structure, circuit breakers, interruptors and isolators on 2x25 kV side are
double poles are provided

132/2X25 KV TRACTION SUB-STATION WITH SCOTT CONNECTED

TRANSFORMERS ( FOR DOUBLE LINE SECTION) WITH PARALLEL TO
TRACK
TSS WITH V CONNECTED TRANSFORMERS

This is another 2x25 kV TSS, with lesser loads. In this arrangement, 3 single-
phase transformers are connected to different pairs of 3 phases forming on
open delta connection on the primary side. Out of the 3 single-phase
transformers, one transformer feeds the OHE on one side of the TSS;
another transformer feeds the OHE on the other side of TSS and the third
remains as standby.

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132/2X25 KV TRACTION SUB-STATION WITH V CONNECTED

TRANSFORMERS ( FOR DOUBLE LINE SECTION) WITH PARALLEL TO
TRACK
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AUTO-TRANSFORMER

Power from TSS to feeding circuit is transferred at 50 kv which is stepped

down to utilization voltage of 25 kv by the auto transformer(AT).It has a
winding of 50 kv with neutral point in the middle of the winding. Neutral
point is solidly connected to traction rails through a buried rail while one
outer terminal is connected to OHE and the other to feeder

SUB-SECTIONING AND PARALLELING POST (SSP)

SSP on double track section has four sectioning interruptors and one
paralleling interruptor. Two numbers auto transformers at double line
provided.

SSP IN 2X25 KV AT SYSTEM (ON DOUBLE LINE SECTION)

SSP FOR TSS WITH SCOTT CONNECTED

SSP FOR TSS WITH V CONNECTED

SECTIONING POST(SP)
At the SP, there are two bridging circuit breakers in a double line section
and two paralleling interruptors, one each on either side of dead zone. Four
auto transformers, two each on either side of the dead zone connected to
up & down lines are also installed at the SP.

SP IN 2X25 KV AT SYSTEM (ON DOUBLE LINE SECTION)

SP FOR TSS WITH SCOTT CONNECTED

SP FOR TSS WITH V CONNECTED
COMPARISON 1X25KV AND 2X25KV :

Voltage profile of section : Due to less OHE current,OHE voltage profile of

the 2x25 kV system is better.

Harmonic: Since the fault levels are much higher on the 25 kV & 220
/132Kv side, there are less harmonics on the system.

Technology: The technology of 2x25 kV system is bit complex due to the

provision of equipment like; Scott connected transformer.

Substation Spacing: The substation spacing for 2x25 kV system is 80 – 90

kms. as compared to approx. 40 – 60 kms for a conventional system.

Abdul Samad 1y