Definitions:

Define periodic motion:

Periodic motion refers to the repetitive and predictable movement of an object, where it
returns to a given position after a fixed interval of time. This movement is repeated in a
regular pattern.

2. Simple Harmonic Motion (S.H.M.) and provide a practical example.

For any oscillatory system in which the net restoring force is directly proportional to the
negative of the displacement, a practical example is the movement of a mass-spring system,
where a mass attached to a spring oscillates vertically.

3. Define a sinusoidal wave, plot a sinusoidal wave and its characteristic parameters, and
provide an example in everyday life.
● A sine wave is a mathematical curve that describes a smooth, repetitive oscillation.
● Parameters:
Amplitude: Maximum displacement from the equilibrium position.
Wavelength: Distance between two successive points on a wave that are in phase.
Frequency: Number of cycles per unit of time.
● Example: The vibration of a guitar string generates a sine wave.

4. Explain the concept of frequency in the context of sinusoidal waves.

The frequency in sine waves refers to the number of cycles that the wave completes in a unit
of time. It is measured in Hertz (Hz), where 1 Hz is equal to one cycle per second.

5. Define the amplitude of a wave and its importance in characterizing the wave.

The amplitude is the distance x of the mass from the equilibrium point at any time is called
the displacement. The maximum displacement, or greatest distance from the equilibrium
point, is called the amplitude. The amplitude of a wave is essential to understand its behavior,
determining aspects such as intensity, the energy transported and the associated sensory
perception.

6. How is wavelength related to frequency in a sinusoidal wave?

Wavelength (λ) and frequency (f) are inversely related in sine waves. The product of the
wavelength and the frequency is equal to the speed of the wave:
7. Explain angular frequency and its role in describing sinusoidal waves

Angular frequency (ω=Omega) It is a measure of how fast a sine wave oscillates in radians
per unit time. It is related to the frequency (𝑓) for the equation:
ω = 2πf
𝟐𝝅
And therefore:: 𝛚 = = 𝟐𝛑𝐟 (the units are rad/s)
𝚻
Sinusoidal waves as it facilitates the connection between frequency and time, aids in
expressing phase relationships, and is integral to mathematical representations of oscillatory
phenomena.

8. What is the relationship between period and frequency in S.H.M.?

The period (T) of a wave is the inverse of its frequency (𝑓 ):

𝟏
𝚻=
𝒇

9. State Hooke's Law and explain its importance in the study of elastic systems.

Hooke's Law states that the force necessary to stretch or compress a spring by a distance
(𝑥) from its natural length is directly proportional to (𝑥). Mathematically, it is expressed as:

𝑭 = −𝒌𝒙

Where (𝐹) is the force, (𝑘) is the spring constant and (𝑥) is the displacement.

Hooke's Law is fundamental in the study of elastic systems, providing a simple and linear
relationship between applied force, deformation, and material stiffness.

10. Describe elastic potential energy and how it relates to Hooke's Law.

Elastic potential energy(𝑃𝐸𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐) is the energy stored in a deformed elastic object, such
as a spring. It is calculated as:

𝟏 𝟐
𝑷𝑬𝒆𝒍𝒂𝒔𝒕𝒊𝒄 = 𝒌𝒙
𝟐
Elastic potential energy is the energy stored in a deformed elastic material, and its
𝟏
mathematical expression ( 𝒌𝒙𝟐 ) is directly derived from Hooke's Law.
𝟐
11. State Newton's Second Law and explore how it applies to Simple Harmonic Motion.

Newton's Second Law ( 𝐹 = 𝑚𝑎 ) It is applied to simple harmonic motion to relate

acceleration (𝑎) of an object in M.A.S. with the displacement (𝑥) from balance. The resulting
𝒅𝟑 𝒙
equation is: 𝒎 = −𝒌𝒙
𝒅𝒕𝟐

𝐱 = 𝐀 𝐜𝐨𝐬(𝛚𝐭 + 𝛟),

This differential equation governs the motion of an object in M.A.S.

Referencias bibliográficas:
Giancoli- física para ciencia e ingeniería pág. 369-378