Microcomputer Systems

Personal computers, network

computers, technical workstations,
personal digital assistants,
information appliances, etc.

Midrange Systems
Network servers, minicomputers,
Web servers, multiuser systems, etc.

Mainframe Systems
Enter prise systems, superservers,
transaction processors,
supercomputers, etc.
 Central Processing Unit

Control Unit Arithmetic-Logic Unit

Interprets Instructions Performs Arithmetic
Input Devices and Directs Processing Operations and Makes Output Devices
Enter Data and Comparisons Communicate
Instructions System Bus and Record
into the CPU Information
Primary
Special Storage (Memory)
Cache
Purpose Stores Data and
Memory
Processors Program Instructions
during Processing

Keyboard Visual Display Unit

Mouse Printer
Touch Screen Audio-Response
Optical Scanner Physical Control
Voice Recognition Secondary Devices
Storage
Devices
Store Data
Magnetic Disk and
and Programs
Tape Units, Optical
for Processing
Disks
 Transistors
Intel® Itanium® 2 Processor 1,000,000,000
Moore’s Law
Intel® Itanium® Processor
100,000,000
Intel® Pentium® 4 Processor
Intel® Pentium® III Processor
Intel®Pentium® II Processor 10,000,000
Intel® Pentium® Processor
Intel486TM Processor 1,000,000
Intel386TM Processor
286 100,000

8086
10,000
8080
8008
4004
1,000
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
 Primary Storage
Semiconductor
Memory

Magnetic Disks

Optical Disks Secondary Storage

Magnetic Tape
Sequential Access Storage Device Direct Access Storage Device
Read/Write Head
C

E A A
B
D C
E Read/Write
Head

D
B