Proposed Solution to #5744 SSMJ

Solution proposed by Prakash Pant, Mathematics Initiatives in Nepal, Bardiya,

Nepal.

Problem proposed by Toyesh Prakash Sharma (Student) Agra College, In-

dia

Statement of the Problem:

Show that:
Z ∞ 2 Z ∞ 2
cos (ln x2 ) sin (ln x2 ) π
√ dx + √ dx = √
2
x ln x 2
x ln x 5
1 1

Solution of the Problem:

Let us begin by considering the first integral. The second integral has a
similar solution : Z ∞
cos (ln x2 )

I1 = √ dx
1 x2 ln x

Since eiθ = cos θ + i sin θ, we have Re eiθ = cos θ. Thus,
( Z 2
!)
∞
ei ln x
I1 = Re √ dx
1 x2 ln x
Z ∞
x2i

= Re √ dx
1 x2 ln x
Z ∞ 
2i−2 − 12
= Re x (ln x) dx
1

Now, make a u-substitution with u=ln x. Then, eu =x which implies

dx=eu du. At x=1, u=0 and at x=∞, u = ∞.
Z ∞ 
u(2i−2) − 12 u
= Re e u e du
0

1
 Z ∞ 
−u(1−2i) − 12
= Re e u du
0

Now, we know, Z ∞
Γ(m)
e−st tm−1 dt =
0 sm
Thus, ( )
Z ∞ 
− 21 Γ(1/2)
Re e−u(1−2i) u du = Re 1
0 (1 − 2i) 2
( )
Γ(1/2)
= Re −2 12
√ 1
( √15 + √ 5
i) ( 5) 2
√1 −2
Say cos α = 5
and sin α = √ 5
.
( )
Γ(1/2)
= Re 1 √ 1
(cos α + i sin α) 2 ( 5) 2
( 1
)
Γ(1/2) e− 2 α
= Re √ 1
( 5) 2
Γ(1/2) cos (− 21 α)
= √ 1
( 5) 2
Γ(1/2) cos ( α2 )
√ 1
=
( 5) 2
q
Since cos(α) = √15 , we have cos α2 = 1+cos(α)
2
. Thus,
s s√
α 1+ √1
5 5+1
cos = = √
2 2 2 5

Hence,
s√
Γ(1/2) 5+1
I1 = √ 1 √
( 5) 2 2 5

2
 √
Using Γ( 21 ) = π,
√
π( 5 + 1)
I12 =
10

Now, using the fact that sin(θ) = Im eiθ and with similar procedure,
we evaluate second integral to get:
√
2 π( 5 − 1)
I2 =
10
Finally, √ √
2 2 π( 5 − 1) π( 5 + 1)
I1 + I2 = +
10 10
π
=√
5
Q.E.D